This book begins with the history and fundamentals of optical fiber communications. Then, briefly introduces existing optical multiplexing techniques and finally focuses on spatial domain multiplexing (SDM), aka space division multiplexing, and orbital angular momentum of photon based multiplexing. These are two emerging multiplexing techniques that have added two new degrees of photon freedom to optical fibers.

While human capabilities can withstand broad levels of strain, they cannot hope to compete with the advanced abilities of automated technologies. Developing advanced robotic systems will provide a better, faster means to produce goods and deliver a level of seamless communication and synchronization that exceeds human skill. Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Automation in Manufacturing is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of advanced manufacturing technologies in regards to production speed, quality, and innovation. While highlighting topics such as human-machine interaction, quality management, and sensor integration, this publication explores state-of-the-art technologies in the field of robotics engineering as well as human-robot interaction. This book is ideally designed for researchers, students, engineers, manufacturers, managers, industry professionals, and academicians seeking to enhance their innovative design capabilities.

The monograph provides an overview of the recent developments in modern control systems including new theoretical finding and successful examples of practical implementation of the control theory in different areas of industrial and special applications. Recent Developments in Automatic Control Systems consists of extended versions of the selected papers presented at XXVI International Conference on Automatic Control "Automation 2020" (October 13-15, 2020, Kyiv, Ukraine) which is the main Ukrainian Control Conference organized by Ukrainian Association on Automatic Control (National member organization of IFAC) and National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". This is a third monograph in the River Publishers series in Automation, Control and Robotics, which is publishing based on the selected papers of the Ukrainian Control Conferences "Automation", in particular, first monograph "Control Systems: Theory and Applications (2018) was published based on the "Automation - 2017" and second monograph "Advanced Control Systems: Theory and Applications" - based on the "Automation - 2018". The monograph is divided into three main parts: (a) Advances in Theoretical Research of Control Systems; (b) Advances in Control Systems Application; (c) Recent Developments in Collaborative Automation. The chapters have been structured to provide an easy-to-follow introduction to the topics that are addressed, including the most relevant references, so that anyone interested in this field can get started in the area. This book may be useful for researchers and students who are interesting in recent developments of the modern control systems, robust adaptive systems, optimal control, fuzzy control, motion control, identification, modelling, differential games, evolutionary optimization, reliability control, security control, intelligent robotics and cyber-physical systems.

Wearable continuous monitoring systems are necessary in risky environments such as mining and diving and are especially important in the medical monitoring of patients both in medical facilities and at home. All these applications of monitoring with data transmission functions can be achieved by using wearable antennas. Recently, possibilities of connecting completely independent appliances with textiles have emerged. However, full success will be achieved only when antennas and all related components are entirely converted into 100% textile materials. Design and Optimization of Sensors and Antennas for Wearable Devices provides innovative insights on the development of adaptable materials and textile antennas that can be used in the construction of wearable devices that are biocompatible and offer high conductivity, low cost, simplistic manufacturing, are comfortable for the wearer, and are water/climate safe and condition amicable. The content within this publication examines data transmission, wearable computing, and medical applications. It is designed for engineers, manufacturers, researchers, academicians, and scientists who are interested in the development of wearable technologies.

Communications technology at a frequency range into Terahertz (THz) levels has attracted attention because it promises near-fibre-optic-speed wireless links for the 5G and post-5G world. Transmitter and receiver integrated circuits based on CMOS, which has the ability to realize such circuits with low power consumption at a low cost, are expected to become increasingly widespread, with much research into the underlying electronics currently underway. This book describes recent research on terahertz CMOS design for high-speed wireless communication. The topics covered include fundamental technologies for terahertz CMOS design, amplifier design, physical design approaches, transceiver design, and future prospects. This concise source of key information, written by leading experts in the field, is intended for researchers and professional circuit designers working in RFIC and CMOS design for telecommunications.

While digital transformations are happening in all walks of society and business, there is real potential for improving the quality of life of the elderly using digital methods and tools. Digital health promises to deliver better healthcare quality cost-efficiently to more people, especially in the case of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes. It will achieve this by combining the benefits of telehealth, eHealth, data-driven personalised healthcare, and evidence-based care. This book presents a discussion of evolving digital technologies, such as smart phones and assisted living, and innovative digitally based services that are helping improve the quality and cost of healthcare for the elderly. This book evolved from a recent multi-country and multi-disciplinary initiative called Digital Health for the Ageing Population. This project (2019-2021) aimed at promoting general awareness of digital health for ageing populations with collaborative research across several countries including Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Norway, The Netherlands, and USA. With its international scope and detailed coverage of relevant digital methods and tools, this book will benefit healthcare technologists, ICT developers, managers of healthcare and mobile healthcare projects, and academic researchers working in related fields.

The lack of clear communication, especially internationally, plagues the modern world in a variety of fields. Researchers and practitioners within the modern networking and communication industries strive to discover new and innovative ways for humans to better contact one another. Strategic Innovations and Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Telecommunications and Networking provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of network management and security, as well as applications within computer science, mobile and wireless computing, and multimedia technology. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as coding theory, mobile devices, and contextual advertising, this book is ideal for students, researchers, social media marketers, brand managers, networking professionals, and engineers seeking current research on cross-disciplinary applications of electrical engineering, computer science, and information technology.

Urban Mobility and the Smartphone: Transportation, Travel Behavior and Public Policy provides a global synthesis of the transformation of urban mobility by the smartphone, clarifying the definitions of new concepts and objects in mobility studies, accounting for the changes in transportation and travel behavior triggered by the spread of the smartphone, and discussing the implications of these changes for policy-making and research. Urban mobility is approached here as a system of actors: the perspectives of individual behavior (including lifestyles), the supply of mobility services (including actors, business models), and public policy-making are considered. The book is based on an extensive review of the academic literature as well as systematic observation of the development of smartphone-based mobility services around the world. In addition, case studies provide practical illustrations of the ongoing transformation of mobility services influenced by the dissemination of smartphones. The book not only consolidates existing research, but also picks up on weak signals that help researchers and practitioners anticipate future changes in urban mobility systems. Key Features * Synthesizes existing research into one reference, providing researchers and policy-makers with a clear and complete understanding of the changes triggered by the spread of the smartphone. * Analyzes numerous case studies throughout developed and developing countries providing practical illustrations of the influence of the smartphone on travel behavior, transportation systems, and policy-making. * Provides insights for researchers and practitioners looking to engage with the "smart cities" and "smart mobility" discourse.

Gallium Oxide: Technology, Devices and Applications discusses the wide bandgap semiconductor and its promising applications in power electronics, solar blind UV detectors, and in extreme environment electronics. It also covers the fundamental science of gallium oxide, providing an in-depth look at the most relevant properties of this materials system. High quality bulk Ga2O3 is now commercially available from several sources and n-type epi structures are also coming onto the market. As researchers are focused on creating new complex structures, the book addresses the latest processing and synthesis methods. Chapters are designed to give readers a complete picture of the Ga2O3 field and the area of devices based on Ga2O3, from their theoretical simulation, to fabrication and application.

Source Separation and Machine Learning presents the fundamentals in adaptive learning algorithms for Blind Source Separation (BSS) and emphasizes the importance of machine learning perspectives. It illustrates how BSS problems are tackled through adaptive learning algorithms and model-based approaches using the latest information on mixture signals to build a BSS model that is seen as a statistical model for a whole system. Looking at different models, including independent component analysis (ICA), nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF), and deep neural network (DNN), the book addresses how they have evolved to deal with multichannel and single-channel source separation.