Time domain modeling is a fascinating world which brings together several complex phenomena and methods of essential interest to engineers. This book is a reference guide which discusses the most advanced time-domain modeling methods and applications in electromagnetics and electrical engineering. The book starts by clearly explaining why time-domain modeling may be worth doing; then, it provides guidelines about why some choices must be made among the principal modeling approaches and next guides the reader through the state of the art in time domain modeling, concerning either numerical and analytical methods, and applications. Finally, it highlights areas for future time-domain modeling research. The book is a collection of chapters written by leading research groups in the fields, following a logical development set out by the editor. Topics covered include finite element methods in time domain with applications to low-frequency problems; transient analysis of scattering from composite objects using late-time stable TDIEs; the transmission-line modeling method, partial element equivalent circuit method in time-domain; unconditionally stable time-domain methods; time-domain linear macromodeling, analytical techniques for transient analysis; the application of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique to lightning studies; modeling of lightning and its interaction with overhead conductors; transient behaviour of grounding systems; and statistics of electromagnetic reverberation chambers and their simulation through time domain modeling.

This book begins with the history and fundamentals of optical fiber communications. Then, briefly introduces existing optical multiplexing techniques and finally focuses on spatial domain multiplexing (SDM), aka space division multiplexing, and orbital angular momentum of photon based multiplexing. These are two emerging multiplexing techniques that have added two new degrees of photon freedom to optical fibers.

Source Separation and Machine Learning presents the fundamentals in adaptive learning algorithms for Blind Source Separation (BSS) and emphasizes the importance of machine learning perspectives. It illustrates how BSS problems are tackled through adaptive learning algorithms and model-based approaches using the latest information on mixture signals to build a BSS model that is seen as a statistical model for a whole system. Looking at different models, including independent component analysis (ICA), nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF), and deep neural network (DNN), the book addresses how they have evolved to deal with multichannel and single-channel source separation.

Nanoelectronics: Devices, Circuits and Systems explores current and emerging trends in the field of nanoelectronics, from both a devices-to-circuits and circuits-to-systems perspective. It covers a wide spectrum and detailed discussion on the field of nanoelectronic devices, circuits and systems. This book presents an in-depth analysis and description of electron transport phenomenon at nanoscale dimensions. Both qualitative and analytical approaches are taken to explore the devices, circuit functionalities and their system applications at deep submicron and nanoscale levels. Recent devices, including FinFET, Tunnel FET, and emerging materials, including graphene, and its applications are discussed. In addition, a chapter on advanced VLSI interconnects gives clear insight to the importance of these nano-transmission lines in determining the overall IC performance. The importance of integration of optics with electronics is elucidated in the optoelectronics and photonic integrated circuit sections of this book. This book provides valuable resource materials for scientists and electrical engineers who want to learn more about nanoscale electronic materials and how they are used.

The proliferation of wireless communications has led to mobile computing, a new era in data communication and processing allowing people to access information anywhere and anytime using lightweight computer devices. Aligned with this phenomenon, a vast number of mobile solutions, systems, and applications have been continuously developed. However, despite the opportunities, there exist constraints, challenges, and complexities in realizing the full potential of mobile computing, requiring research and experimentation. Algorithms, Methods, and Applications in Mobile Computing and Communications is a critical scholarly publication that examines the various aspects of mobile computing and communications from engineering, business, and organizational perspectives. The book details current research involving mobility challenges that hinder service applicability, mobile money transfer services and anomaly detection, and mobile fog environments. As a resource rich in information about mobile devices, wireless broadcast databases, and machine communications, it is an ideal source for computer scientists, IT specialists, service providers, information technology professionals, academicians, and researchers interested in the field of mobile computing.

A vast array of ocean instrumentation has been developed for research purposes since the middle of the twentieth century, among which remote sensing technologies have become increasingly important. Within this class of instruments, high frequency (HF) surface and skywave radar, microwave marine radar and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)-based radar have been successfully implemented in gathering information on large tracts of the ocean surface. This book provides a systematic introduction to the principles, state-of-the-art methods and applications of HF surface and sky wave radar, microwave marine radar and GNSS-based radar, as well as an exploration of ongoing challenges in the field. Ocean Remote Sensing Technologies: High frequency, marine and GNSS-based radar includes 23 chapters that are organized into three parts, mainly according to sensor types. The first part covers work related to HF radar, the second focusses on microwave marine radar, and the third concentrates on GNSS-based radar. Each part consists of an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the corresponding sensor, followed by chapters focussing on fundamental theory, specific applications, or advanced algorithm development. Each of the chapters is self-contained and readers should be aware that there may be across-chapter differences in symbols used for various parameters. The book is intended for a variety of readers in the radar and remotes sensing communities, and content has been selected with a range of interests and backgrounds in mind.

Geographical and Fingerprinting Data for Positioning and Navigation Systems: Challenges, Experiences and Technology Roadmap explores the state-of-the -art software tools and innovative strategies to provide better understanding of positioning and navigation in indoor environments using fingerprinting techniques. The book provides the different problems and challenges of indoor positioning and navigation services and shows how fingerprinting can be used to address such necessities. This advanced publication provides the useful references educational institutions, industry, academic researchers, professionals, developers and practitioners need to apply, evaluate and reproduce this book's contributions. The readers will learn how to apply the necessary infrastructure to provide fingerprinting services and scalable environments to deal with fingerprint data.

Urban Mobility and the Smartphone: Transportation, Travel Behavior and Public Policy provides a global synthesis of the transformation of urban mobility by the smartphone, clarifying the definitions of new concepts and objects in mobility studies, accounting for the changes in transportation and travel behavior triggered by the spread of the smartphone, and discussing the implications of these changes for policy-making and research. Urban mobility is approached here as a system of actors: the perspectives of individual behavior (including lifestyles), the supply of mobility services (including actors, business models), and public policy-making are considered. The book is based on an extensive review of the academic literature as well as systematic observation of the development of smartphone-based mobility services around the world. In addition, case studies provide practical illustrations of the ongoing transformation of mobility services influenced by the dissemination of smartphones. The book not only consolidates existing research, but also picks up on weak signals that help researchers and practitioners anticipate future changes in urban mobility systems. Key Features * Synthesizes existing research into one reference, providing researchers and policy-makers with a clear and complete understanding of the changes triggered by the spread of the smartphone. * Analyzes numerous case studies throughout developed and developing countries providing practical illustrations of the influence of the smartphone on travel behavior, transportation systems, and policy-making. * Provides insights for researchers and practitioners looking to engage with the "smart cities" and "smart mobility" discourse.

Fractional Order Systems: Optimization, Control, Circuit Realizations and Applications consists of 21 contributed chapters by subject experts. Chapters offer practical solutions and novel methods for recent research problems in the multidisciplinary applications of fractional order systems, such as FPGA, circuits, memristors, control algorithms, photovoltaic systems, robot manipulators, oscillators, etc. This book is ideal for researchers working in the modeling and applications of both continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics and chaotic systems. Researchers from academia and industry who are working in research areas such as control engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, and information technology will find the book most informative.

Gallium Oxide: Technology, Devices and Applications discusses the wide bandgap semiconductor and its promising applications in power electronics, solar blind UV detectors, and in extreme environment electronics. It also covers the fundamental science of gallium oxide, providing an in-depth look at the most relevant properties of this materials system. High quality bulk Ga2O3 is now commercially available from several sources and n-type epi structures are also coming onto the market. As researchers are focused on creating new complex structures, the book addresses the latest processing and synthesis methods. Chapters are designed to give readers a complete picture of the Ga2O3 field and the area of devices based on Ga2O3, from their theoretical simulation, to fabrication and application.

While digital transformations are happening in all walks of society and business, there is real potential for improving the quality of life of the elderly using digital methods and tools. Digital health promises to deliver better healthcare quality cost-efficiently to more people, especially in the case of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes. It will achieve this by combining the benefits of telehealth, eHealth, data-driven personalised healthcare, and evidence-based care. This book presents a discussion of evolving digital technologies, such as smart phones and assisted living, and innovative digitally based services that are helping improve the quality and cost of healthcare for the elderly. This book evolved from a recent multi-country and multi-disciplinary initiative called Digital Health for the Ageing Population. This project (2019-2021) aimed at promoting general awareness of digital health for ageing populations with collaborative research across several countries including Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Norway, The Netherlands, and USA. With its international scope and detailed coverage of relevant digital methods and tools, this book will benefit healthcare technologists, ICT developers, managers of healthcare and mobile healthcare projects, and academic researchers working in related fields.

Phenomena of Optical Metamaterials provides an overview of phenomena enabled by artificial and designed metamaterials and their application for photonic devices. The book explores the study of active metamaterials with tunable and switchable properties and novel functionalities, such as the control of spontaneous emission and enhancement. Topics addressed cover theory, modelling and design, applications in practical devices, fabrication, characterization, and measurement, thus helping readers understand and develop new artificial, functional materials.

Communications technology at a frequency range into Terahertz (THz) levels has attracted attention because it promises near-fibre-optic-speed wireless links for the 5G and post-5G world. Transmitter and receiver integrated circuits based on CMOS, which has the ability to realize such circuits with low power consumption at a low cost, are expected to become increasingly widespread, with much research into the underlying electronics currently underway. This book describes recent research on terahertz CMOS design for high-speed wireless communication. The topics covered include fundamental technologies for terahertz CMOS design, amplifier design, physical design approaches, transceiver design, and future prospects. This concise source of key information, written by leading experts in the field, is intended for researchers and professional circuit designers working in RFIC and CMOS design for telecommunications.

CONVERGED COMMUNICATIONS A one-of-a-kind exploration of the past, present, and future of telecommunications In Converged Communications: Evolution from Telephony to 5G Mobile Internet, telecommunications industry veteran Erkki Koivusalo delivers an essential reference describing how different communications systems work, how they have evolved from fixed telephone networks to the latest 5G mobile systems, and how the voice and data services converged. The central theme of the book is to build deeper understanding about incremental technological progress by introducing both state of the art and their predecessor technologies. The book explores four main areas, including fixed telephone systems, data communication systems, mobile cellular systems, and IP multimedia systems. It clearly explains architectures, protocols, and functional procedures, and discusses a variety of topics ranging from physical layer processes to system level interactions. Converged -Communications offers: In-depth treatments of fixed telephone and transmission systems, including operation of telephone exchanges and signaling systems Comprehensive explorations of data communication systems, including transmission of data over telephone lines and data network technologies, such as Ethernet and TCP/IP Incisive discussions of mobile cellular systems, including GSM, 3G, LTE, VoLTE and 5G Insightful analysis of incremental system evolution to justify various design choices made The book is supported with extensive online appendices, which covers communication system concepts, an overview of standardization, various technologies used in the past, state-of-the art technologies such as WLAN, cable modems, and FTTx, complementing the other systems described in the book which have evolved from the fixed telephone network. Perfect for network operators, system integrators, and communication system vendors, Converged Communications: Evolution from Telephony to 5G Mobile Internet will also earn a place in the libraries of undergraduate and graduate students studying telecommunications and mobile systems. Constructive comments and improvement proposals about Converged Communications or its online appendices can be sent by email to address [email protected]. The feedback will be considered for possible new editions of the book or the revisions of the appendices.