The goal of this textbook is to provide enough background into the inner workings of the Internet to allow a novice to understand how the various protocols on the Internet work together to accomplish simple tasks, such as a search. By building an Internet with all the various services a person uses every day, one will gain an appreciation not only of the work that goes on unseen, but also of the choices made by designers to make life easier for the user. Each chapter consists of background information on a specific topic or Internet service, and where appropriate a final section on how to configure a Raspberry Pi to provide that service. While mainly meant as an undergraduate textbook for a course on networking or Internet protocols and services, it can also be used by anyone interested in the Internet as a step-by-step guide to building one's own Intranet, or as a reference guide as to how things work on the global Internet

The development of mobile applications has created numerous opportunities across different industries. With these advances, the management of data has been optimized to allow a broader scope of potential uses. Advanced Mobile Technologies for Secure Transaction Processing: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an innovative reference source for the latest academic material on the application of mobile computing for secure payment transactions. Highlighting a range of relevant topics such as information security, electronic money, and online banking, this book is ideally designed for professionals, researchers, practitioners, students, and professionals interested in novel perspectives on mobile technologies and data management.

Automatic identification has evolved to use techniques that can identify an object or subject without direct human intervention. Such devices include the bar code, magnetic-stripe, integrated circuit, and biometric and radio-frequency identification. Innovative Automatic Identification & Location-Based Services: From Bar Codes to Chip Implants emphasizes the convergence and trajectory of automatic identification and location-based services toward chip implants and real-time positioning capabilities. Recording the history of automatic identification, this book also discusses the social, cultural, and ethical implications of the technological possibilities with respect to national security initiatives.

This book offers, from both a theoretical and a computational perspective, an analysis of macroscopic mathematical models for description of charge transport in electronic devices, in particular in the presence of confining effects, such as in the double gate MOSFET. The models are derived from the semiclassical Boltzmann equation by means of the moment method and are closed by resorting to the maximum entropy principle. In the case of confinement, electrons are treated as waves in the confining direction by solving a one-dimensional Schroedinger equation obtaining subbands, while the longitudinal transport of subband electrons is described semiclassically. Limiting energy-transport and drift-diffusion models are also obtained by using suitable scaling procedures. An entire chapter in the book is dedicated to a promising new material like graphene. The models appear to be sound and sufficiently accurate for systematic use in computer-aided design simulators for complex electron devices. The book is addressed to applied mathematicians, physicists, and electronic engineers. It is written for graduate or PhD readers but the opening chapter contains a modicum of semiconductor physics, making it self-consistent and useful also for undergraduate students.

Focusing on autonomous robotic applications, this cutting-edge resource offers a practical treatment of short-range radar processing for reliable object detection at the ground level. This unique book demonstrates probabilistic radar models and detection algorithms specifically for robotic land vehicles. Engineers and researchers may find detailed coverage of Simultaneous Localization and Map Building (SLAM) - an area referred to as the "Holy Grail" of autonomous robotics research.

This accessible textbook offers a novel, concept-led approach to superconducting electronics, using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to help describe fundamental principles in an intuitive manner. Based on a course taught by the author and aimed primarily at engineering students, the book explains concepts effectively and efficiently, uncovering the "shortcut" to understanding each topic, enabling readers to quickly grasp the underlying essence. The book is divided into two main parts; the first part provides a general introduction to key topics encountered in superconductivity, illustrated using COMSOL simulations based on time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations and avoiding any deeply mathematical derivations. It includes numerous worked examples and problem sets with tips and solutions. The second part of the book is more conventional in nature, providing detailed derivations of the basic equations from first principles. This part covers more advanced topics, including the BCS-Gor'kov-Eliashberg approach to equilibrium properties of superconductors, the derivation of kinetic equations for nonequilibrium superconductors, and the derivation of time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations, used as the basis for COMSOL modeling in the first part. Supported throughout by an extensive library of COMSOL Multiphysics animations, the book serves as a uniquely accessible introduction to the field for engineers and others with a less rigorous background in physics and mathematics. However, it also features more detailed mathematical background for those wishing to delve further into the subject.

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of geographic information systems and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies, as presented by leading researchers and engineers at the 1st International Conference on Unmanned Aerial System in Geomatics (UASG), held in Roorkee, India on April 6-7, 2019. It covers highly diverse topics, including photogrammetry and remote sensing, surveying, UAV manufacturing, geospatial data sensing, UAV processing, visualization, and management, UAV applications and regulations, geo-informatics and geomatics. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This book is a compendium of the proceedings of the International Conference on Big-Data and Cloud Computing. The papers discuss the recent advances in the areas of big data analytics, data analytics in cloud, smart cities and grid, etc. This volume primarily focuses on the application of knowledge which promotes ideas for solving problems of the society through cutting-edge big-data technologies. The essays featured in this proceeding provide novel ideas that contribute for the growth of world class research and development. It will be useful to researchers in the area of advanced engineering sciences.

This thesis presents a comprehensive theoretical description of classical and quantum aspects of plasmonics in three and two dimensions, and also in transdimensional systems containing elements with different dimensionalities. It focuses on the theoretical understanding of the salient features of plasmons in nanosystems as well as on the multifaceted aspects of plasmon-enhanced light-matter interactions at the nanometer scale. Special emphasis is given to the modeling of nonclassical behavior across the transition regime bridging the classical and the quantum domains. The research presented in this dissertation provides useful tools for understanding surface plasmons in various two- and three-dimensional nanostructures, as well as quantum mechanical effects in their response and their joint impact on light-matter interactions at the extreme nanoscale. These contributions constitute novel and solid advancements in the research field of plasmonics and nanophotonics that will help guide future experimental investigations in the blossoming field of nanophotonics, and also facilitate the design of the next generation of truly nanoscale nanophotonic devices.

This book presents the outcomes of the 12th International Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics (WAFR 2016). WAFR is a prestigious, single-track, biennial international meeting devoted to recent advances in algorithmic problems in robotics. Robot algorithms are an important building block of robotic systems and are used to process inputs from users and sensors, perceive and build models of the environment, plan low-level motions and high-level tasks, control robotic actuators, and coordinate actions across multiple systems. However, developing and analyzing these algorithms raises complex challenges, both theoretical and practical. Advances in the algorithmic foundations of robotics have applications to manufacturing, medicine, distributed robotics, human-robot interaction, intelligent prosthetics, computer animation, computational biology, and many other areas. The 2016 edition of WAFR went back to its roots and was held in San Francisco, California - the city where the very first WAFR was held in 1994. Organized by Pieter Abbeel, Kostas Bekris, Ken Goldberg, and Lauren Miller, WAFR 2016 featured keynote talks by John Canny on "A Guided Tour of Computer Vision, Robotics, Algebra, and HCI," Erik Demaine on "Replicators, Transformers, and Robot Swarms: Science Fiction through Geometric Algorithms," Dan Halperin on "From Piano Movers to Piano Printers: Computing and Using Minkowski Sums," and by Lydia Kavraki on "20 Years of Sampling Robot Motion." Furthermore, it included an Open Problems Session organized by Ron Alterovitz, Florian Pokorny, and Jur van den Berg. There were 58 paper presentations during the three-day event. The organizers would like to thank the authors for their work and contributions, the reviewers for ensuring the high quality of the meeting, the WAFR Steering Committee led by Nancy Amato as well as WAFR's fiscal sponsor, the International Federation of Robotics Research (IFRR), led by Oussama Khatib and Henrik Christensen. WAFR 2016 was an enjoyable and memorable event.

Microelectromechanical sytems (MEMS) applications in RF and microwave electronics are revolutionizing wireless communications. This text provides a comprehensive explanation of the fabrication and fundamental physics of MEMS and their applications in electronic communication systems. The book integrates circuit fabrication technology, device design-oriented materials, mechanical and microwave considerations, and RF/microwave electronics to give engineers and managers a clear understanding of the potential and limitations of MEMS in electronic communications.

This book is an introduction to microwave and RF signal modeling and measurement techniques for field effect transistors. It assumes only a basic course in electronic circuits and prerequisite knowledge for readers to apply the techniques and improve the performance of integrated circuits, reduce design cycles and increase their chance at first time success. The first chapters offer a general overview and discussion of microwave signal and noise matrices, and microwave measurement techniques. The following chapters address modeling techniques for field effect transistors and cover models such as: small signal, large signal, noise, and the artificial neural network based.

This book focuses on control units, which are a vital part of modern digital systems, and responsible for the efficiency of controlled systems. The model of a finite state machine (FSM) is often used to represent the behavior of a control unit. As a rule, control units have irregular structures that make it impossible to design their logic circuits using the standard library cells. Design methods depend strongly on such factors as the FSM used, specific features of the logic elements implemented in the FSM logic circuit, and the characteristics of the control algorithm to be interpreted. This book discusses Moore and Mealy FSMs implemented with FPGA chips, including look-up table elements (LUT) and embedded memory blocks (EMB). It is crucial to minimize the number of LUTs and EMBs in an FSM logic circuit, as well as to make the interconnections between the logic elements more regular, and various methods of structural decompositions can be used to solve this problem. These methods are reduced to the presentation of an FSM circuit as a composition of different logic blocks, the majority of which implement systems of intermediate logic functions different (and much simpler) than input memory functions and FSM output functions. The structural decomposition results in multilevel FSM circuits having fewer logic elements than equivalent single-level circuits. The book describes well-known methods of structural decomposition and proposes new ones, examining their impact on the final amount of hardware in an FSM circuit. It is of interest to students and postgraduates in the area of Computer Science, as well as experts involved in designing digital systems with complex control units. The proposed models and design methods open new possibilities for creating logic circuits of control units with an optimal amount of hardware and regular interconnections.

This book gathers a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Data and Information Sciences (ICDIS 2019), held at Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Agra, India, on March 29-30, 2019. In chapters written by leading researchers, developers, and practitioner from academia and industry, it covers virtually all aspects of computational sciences and information security, including central topics like artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and big data. Highlighting the latest developments and technical solutions, it will show readers from the computer industry how to capitalize on key advances in next-generation computer and communication technology.

This book provides a comprehensive study of the research outcomes on memristor emulator circuits and includes various analog applications as examples. The authors describe in detail how to design different types of memristor emulators, using active and passive components for different applications. Most of the emulator circuits presented in this book are new and are the outcomes of the authors' recent research. Coverage also includes the latest technological advances in memristor and memristor emulators. Readers will benefit from an understanding of the fundamental concepts and potential applications related to memristors, since these emulator circuits can be built in the laboratory using inexpensive, off-the-shelf circuit components. Introduces readers to memristor emulator circuit design, using regular off-the-shelf circuit components; Describes analog applications of memristors that can be verified by the proposed emulator circuits; Includes a brief overview of the updated mathematical models of the memristor device, with different material implementations; Equips readers to understand the three fingerprints of memristors, which make them unique, compared to the three known, passive elements (resistor, inductor and capacitor).

This book describes a wide variety of System-on-Chip (SoC) security threats and vulnerabilities, as well as their sources, in each stage of a design life cycle. The authors discuss a wide variety of state-of-the-art security verification and validation approaches such as formal methods and side-channel analysis, as well as simulation-based security and trust validation approaches. This book provides a comprehensive reference for system on chip designers and verification and validation engineers interested in verifying security and trust of heterogeneous SoCs.

This book discusses the impact of advanced information technologies, such as data processing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, on organizational decision-making processes and practices. One of the book's central themes is the interplay between human reasoning and machine logic in the context of organizational functioning, specifically, the fairly common situations in which subjective beliefs are pitted against objective evidence giving rise to conflict rather than enhancing the quality of organizational sensemaking. Aiming to not only raise the awareness of the potential challenges but also to offer solutions, the book delineates and discusses the core impediments to effective human-information technology interactions, and outlines strategies for overcoming those obstacles on the way to enhancing the efficacy of organizational decision-making.

This book introduces policy, government, and security professionals to the concept of "information warfare," covering its evolution over the last decade and its developments among such economic and political giants as China, Russia, Japan, India, and Singapore. The text describes various conceptions of information warfare, along with how they function in military, diplomatic, political, and economic contexts. Recent notable cyber attacks are analyzed, the challenges faced by countries who fail to secure their cyberspace (Japan, the US, etc.) are enumerated, and ways to distinguish between cybercrime, cyberwarfare, and cyberterrrorism are discussed.

This thesis presents the first successful realization of a compact, low-noise, and few-cycle light source in the mid-infrared wavelength region. By developing the technology of pumping femtosecond chromium-doped II-VI laser oscillators directly with the emission of broad-stripe single-emitter laser diodes, coherent light was generated with exceptionally low amplitude noise - crucial for numerous applications including spectroscopy at high sensitivities. Other key parameters of the oscillator's output, such as pulse duration and output power, matched and even surpassed previous state-of-the-art systems. As a demonstration of its unique capabilities, the oscillator's powerful output was used to drive - without further amplification - the nonlinear generation of coherent mid-infrared light spanning multiple octaves. The resulting table-top system uniquely combines high brilliance and ultrabroad spectral bandwidth in the important mid-infrared spectral range. The rapid development of this technology is comprehensively and lucidly documented in this PhD thesis. Together with a thorough review of literature and applications, and an extensive analysis of the theoretical foundations behind ultrafast laser oscillators, the thesis will serve as a valuable reference for the construction of a new generation of mid-infrared light sources.

As modern technologies continue to transform and impact our society, Radio Frequency Identification has emerged as one of the top areas of study to do just that. Using its wireless data capturing technique and incredible capabilities such as automatic identification, tracking, handling large amounts of data, and flexibility in operation, RFID aims to revamp the new millennium. Advanced RFID Systems, Security, and Applications features a comprehensive collection of research provided by leading experts in both academia and industries. This leading reference source provides state-of-the- art development on RFID and its contents will be of the upmost use to students and researchers at all levels as well as technologists, planners, and policy makers. RFID technology is progressing into a new phase of development.

This book provides insights into research in the field of artificial intelligence in combination with robotics technologies. The integration of artificial intelligence and robotic technologies is a highly topical area for researchers and developers from academia and industry around the globe, and it is likely that artificial intelligence will become the main approach for the next generation of robotics research. The tremendous number of artificial intelligence algorithms and big data solutions has significantly extended the range of potential applications for robotic technologies, and has also brought new challenges for the artificial intelligence community. Sharing recent advances in the field, the book features papers by young researchers presented at the 4th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 2019 (ISAIR2019), held in Daegu, Korea, on August 20-24, 2019.