Nanowires are an important sector of circuit design whose applications in very-large-scale integration design (VLSI) have huge impacts for bringing revolutionary advancements in nanoscale devices, circuits, and systems due to improved electronic properties of the nanowires. Nanowires are potential devices for VLSI circuits and system applications and are highly preferred in novel nanoscale devices due to their high mobility and high-driving capacity. Although the knowledge and resources for the fabrication of nanowires is currently limited, it is predicted that, with the advancement of technology, conventional fabrication flow can be used for nanoscale devices, specifically nanowires. Innovative Applications of Nanowires for Circuit Design provides relevant theoretical frameworks that include device physics, modeling, circuit design, and the latest developments in experimental fabrication in the field of nanotechnology. The book covers advanced modeling concepts of nanowires along with their role as a key enabler for innovation in GLSI devices, circuits, and systems. While highlighting topics such as design, simulation, types and applications, and performance analysis of nanowires, this book is ideally intended for engineers, practitioners, stakeholders, academicians, researchers, and students interested in electronics engineering, nanoscience, and nanotechnology.

Advances in Semiconductor Nanostructures: Growth, Characterization, Properties and Applications focuses on the physical aspects of semiconductor nanostructures, including growth and processing of semiconductor nanostructures by molecular-beam epitaxy, ion-beam implantation/synthesis, pulsed laser action on all types of III-V, IV, and II-VI semiconductors, nanofabrication by bottom-up and top-down approaches, real-time observations using in situ UHV-REM and high-resolution TEM of atomic structure of quantum well, nanowires, quantum dots, and heterostructures and their electrical, optical, magnetic, and spin phenomena. The very comprehensive nature of the book makes it an indispensable source of information for researchers, scientists, and post-graduate students in the field of semiconductor physics, condensed matter physics, and physics of nanostructures, helping them in their daily research.

Path Planning for Vehicles Operating in Uncertain 2D-environments presents a survey that includes several path planning methods developed using fuzzy logic, grapho-analytical search, neural networks, and neural-like structures, procedures of genetic search, and unstable motion modes.

Evolution of Knowledge Science: Myth to Medicine: Intelligent Internet-Based Humanist Machines explains how to design and build the next generation of intelligent machines that solve social and environmental problems in a systematic, coherent, and optimal fashion. The book brings together principles from computer and communication sciences, electrical engineering, mathematics, physics, social sciences, and more to describe computer systems that deal with knowledge, its representation, and how to deal with knowledge centric objects. Readers will learn new tools and techniques to measure, enhance, and optimize artificial intelligence strategies for efficiently searching through vast knowledge bases, as well as how to ensure the security of information in open, easily accessible, and fast digital networks. Author Syed Ahamed joins the basic concepts from various disciplines to describe a robust and coherent knowledge sciences discipline that provides readers with tools, units, and measures to evaluate the flow of knowledge during course work or their research. He offers a unique academic and industrial perspective of the concurrent dynamic changes in computer and communication industries based upon his research. The author has experience both in industry and in teaching graduate level telecommunications and network architecture courses, particularly those dealing with applications of networks in education.

Digital Signal Processing 101: Everything You Need to Know to Get Started provides a basic tutorial on digital signal processing (DSP). Beginning with discussions of numerical representation and complex numbers and exponentials, it goes on to explain difficult concepts such as sampling, aliasing, imaginary numbers, and frequency response. It does so using easy-to-understand examples with minimum mathematics. In addition, there is an overview of the DSP functions and implementation used in several DSP-intensive fields or applications, from error correction to CDMA mobile communication to airborne radar systems. This book has been updated to include the latest developments in Digital Signal Processing, and has eight new chapters on: Automotive Radar Signal Processing Space-Time Adaptive Processing Radar Field Orientated Motor Control Matrix Inversion algorithms GPUs for computing Machine Learning Entropy and Predictive Coding Video compression

Advanced Piezoelectric Materials: Science and Technology, Second Edition, provides revised, expanded, and updated content suitable for those researching piezoelectric materials or using them to develop new devices in areas such as microelectronics, optical, sound, structural, and biomedical engineering. Three new chapters cover multilayer technologies with base-metal internal electrodes, templated grain growth preparation techniques for manufacturing piezoelectric single crystals, and piezoelectric MEMS technologies. Chapters from the first edition have been revised in order to provide up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of developments in the field. Part One covers the structure and properties of a range of piezoelectric materials. Part Two details advanced manufacturing processes for particular materials and device types, including three new chapters. Finally, Part Three covers materials development for three key applications of piezoelectric materials. Dr. Kenji Uchino is a pioneer in piezoelectric actuators, Professor of Electrical Engineering at Penn State University, and Director of the International Center for Actuators and Transducers. He has authored 550 papers, 54 books and 26 patents in the ceramic actuator area.

Microwave and Millimeter-wave Antenna Design for 5G Smartphone Applications In-depth and practical coverage of design considerations for 5G antennas In Microwave and Millimeter-wave Antenna Design for 5G Smartphone Applications, two distinguished researchers deliver a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to antenna design methodologies. The book covers approaches ranging from sub-6GHz microwave to the millimeter-wave spectrum, explaining how microwave and millimeter-wave 5G antennas coexist and function, both independently and collaboratively. The book offers coverage of key considerations for designing millimeter-wave 5G antennas within space-constrained mobile devices, as well as practical concerns, like cost, fabrication yield, and heat dissipation. Readers will also find explorations of the likely future directions of 5G antenna evolution, as well as: A thorough introduction to basic concepts in 5G FR1 Band mobile antenna design, including discussions of antenna placement, element design, and topologies Comprehensive explorations of antenna feeding mechanisms and impedance matching, including chassis considerations and effects Practical discussions of frequency tunable millimeter-wave 5G antenna-in-package Fulsome treatments of compact millimeter-wave 5G antenna solutions and millimeter-wave antenna-on-display technologies for 5G mobile devices Perfect for antenna, microwave, communications, and radio-frequency engineers, Microwave and Millimeter-wave Antenna Design for 5G Smartphone Applications will also benefit graduate students, policymakers, regulators, and researchers with an interest in communications and antennas.

The second in the Women Securing the Future with TIPPSS series, this book provides insight and expert advice from seventeen women leaders in technology, healthcare and policy to address the challenges of Trust, Identity, Privacy, Protection, Safety and Security (TIPPSS) for connected healthcare, and the growing Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) ecosystem. The ten chapters in this book delve into trust, security and privacy risks in connected healthcare for patients, medical devices, personal and clinical data, healthcare providers and institutions, and provide practical approaches to manage and protect the data, devices, and humans. Cybersecurity, technology and legal experts discuss risks, from data and device hacks to ransomware, and propose approaches to address the challenges including new frameworks for architecting and evaluating medical device and connected hospital cybersecurity. We all need to be aware of the TIPPSS challenges in connected healthcare, and we call upon engineers, device manufacturers, system developers and healthcare providers to ensure trust and manage the risk. Featuring contributions from prominent female experts and role models in technology, cybersecurity, engineering, computer science, data science, business, healthcare, accessibility, research, law, privacy and policy, this book sets the stage to improve security and safety in our increasingly connected world.

Cellular Actuators: Modularity and Variability in Muscle-Inspired Actuation describes the roles actuators play in robotics and their insufficiency in emerging new robotic applications, such as wearable devices and human co-working robots where compactness and compliance are important. Piezoelectric actuators, the topic of this book, provide advantages like displacement scale, force, reliability, and compactness, and rely on material properties to provide displacement and force as reactions to electric stimulation. The authors, renowned researchers in the area, present the fundamentals of muscle-like movement and a system-wide study that includes the design, analysis, and control of biologically inspired actuators. This book is the perfect guide for researchers and practitioners who would like to deploy this technology into their research and products.

This expanded, revised and updated new edition of Introduction to RF Stealth covers two major topics: Low Observables and Low Probability of Intercept (LO and LPI) of radars and data links, collectively sometimes called Stealth. Each chapter includes examples, student exercises and references. Worked simulations are available that illustrate the techniques described. Chapter 1 provides an introduction and history of RF/microwave LPI/LO techniques and some basic LPI/LO equations, expanded from the first edition with more information on new and current systems, including more on infrared and hypersonic missile signatures. Chapter 2 is a new chapter, covering radiation absorbing materials and shaping, focused on materials, meta-materials and detailed platform shaping and structures including ships. Chapter 3 covers interceptability parameters and analysis with corrections, updates and simulations. Chapter 4 covers current and future intercept receivers and some of their limitations with more information and tracking techniques. Chapter 5 surveys exploitation of both the natural and the threat environment with extensive threat table updates including Russian S300, S400, S500 and more information on cellular systems. Chapter 6 deals with LPIS waveforms and pulse compression with new material and simulations of new codes. Chapter 7 introduces some hardware techniques associated with LO/LPIS low sidelobe / cross section antenna and radome design with emphasis on active electronic scan arrays. Chapter 8 is a new chapter on RCS testing of subsystems and platforms.

The unique compendium presents special principles and techniques of spectroscopic measurements that are used in semiconductor manufacturing.Since industrial applications of spectroscopy are significantly different from those traditionally used in scientific laboratories, the design concepts and characteristics of industrial spectroscopic devices may vary significantly from conventional systems. These peculiarities are thus succinctly summarized in this volume for a wide audience of students, engineers, and scientific workers.Exceptionally well-illustrated with practical solutions in detail, this useful reference text will open new horizons in new research areas.

Since the initial predictions for the existence of Weyl fermions in condensed matter, many different experimental techniques have confirmed the existence of Weyl semimetals. Among these techniques, optical responses have shown a variety of effects associated with the existence of Weyl fermions. In chiral crystals, we find a new type of fermions protected by crystal symmetries — the chiral multifold fermions — that can be understood as a higher-spin generalization of Weyl fermions. This work provides a complete description of all chiral multifold fermions, studying their topological properties and the k·p models describing them. We compute the optical conductivity of all chiral multifold fermions and establish their optical selection rules. We find that the activation frequencies are different for each type of multifold fermion, thus constituting an experimental fingerprint for each type of multifold fermion. Building on the theoretical results obtained in the first part of our analysis, we study two chiral multifold semimetals: RhSi and CoSi. We analyze the experimental results with k·p and tight-binding models based on the crystal symmetries of the material. We trace back the features observed in the experimental optical conductivity to the existence of multifold fermions near the Fermi level and estimate the chemical potential and the scattering lifetime in both materials. Finally, we provide an overview of second-order optical responses and study the second-harmonic generation of RhSi. We find a sizeable second-harmonic response in the low-energy regime associated with optical transitions between topological bands. However, this regime is extremely challenging to access with the current experimental techniques. We conclude by providing an overview of the main results, highlighting potential avenues to further research on chiral multifold semimetals and the future of optical responses as experimental probes to characterize topological phases.

Organic flexible electronics represent a highly promising technology that will provide increased functionality and the potential to meet future challenges of scalability, flexibility, low power consumption, light weight, and reduced cost. They will find new applications because they can be used with curved surfaces and incorporated in to a number of products that could not support traditional electronics. The book covers device physics, processing and manufacturing technologies, circuits and packaging, metrology and diagnostic tools, architectures, and systems engineering. Part one covers the production, properties and characterisation of flexible organic materials and part two looks at applications for flexible organic devices.

Whilst printed films are currently used in varied devices across a wide range of fields, research into their development and properties is increasingly uncovering even greater potential. Printed films provides comprehensive coverage of the most significant recent developments in printed films and their applications. Materials and properties of printed films are the focus of part one, beginning with a review of the concepts, technologies and materials involved in their production and use. Printed films as electrical components and silicon metallization for solar cells are discussed, as are conduction mechanisms in printed film resistors, and thick films in packaging and microelectronics. Part two goes on to review the varied applications of printed films in devices. Printed resistive sensors are considered, as is the role of printed films in capacitive, piezoelectric and pyroelectric sensors, mechanical micro-systems and gas sensors. The applications of printed films in biosensors, actuators, heater elements, varistors and polymer solar cells are then explored, followed by a review of screen printing for the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells and laser printed micro- and meso-scale power generating devices. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Printed films is a key text for anyone working in such fields as microelectronics, fuel cell and sensor technology in both industry and academia.

Electrical motor products reviews the energy efficiency management laws for electrical motor products in United States, European Union (EU) and China. The energy efficiency certification requirements for the electrical motor products vary from country to country and are summarised here. International standards, testing methods and certification requirements for specific electrical motor products are discussed, including electric motors, pumps and fans. Finally, methods for improving energy efficiency are examined.

Thin film technology is used in many applications such as microelectronics, optics, hard and corrosion resistant coatings and micromechanics, and thin films form a uniquely versatile material base for the development of novel technologies within these industries. Thin film growth provides an important and up-to-date review of the theory and deposition techniques used in the formation of thin films. Part one focuses on the theory of thin film growth, with chapters covering nucleation and growth processes in thin films, phase-field modelling of thin film growth and surface roughness evolution. Part two covers some of the techniques used for thin film growth, including oblique angle deposition, reactive magnetron sputtering and epitaxial growth of graphene films on single crystal metal surfaces. This section also includes chapters on the properties of thin films, covering topics such as substrate plasticity and buckling of thin films, polarity control, nanostructure growth dynamics and network behaviour in thin films. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Thin film growth is an essential reference for engineers in electronics, energy materials and mechanical engineering, as well as those with an academic research interest in the topic.

Presenting the new IEEE 802.16m standard, this is the first book to take a systematic, top-down approach to describing Mobile WiMAX and its next generation, giving detailed algorithmic descriptions together with explanations of the principles behind the operation of individual air-interface protocols and network components. Features: A systematic and detailed, top-down approach to the design of 4G cellular systems based on IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE/LTE-Advanced technologies A systematic approach to understanding IEEE 802.16m radio access network and mobile WiMAX network architecture and protocols The first comprehensive technical reference on the design, development and performance evaluation of IMT-Advanced systems, including the theoretical background and design principles as well as implementation considerations About the author: The author, chief architect and technical lead of the IEEE 802.16m project at Intel Corporation, initiated and masterminded the development of the IEEE 802.16m standard and has been one of the leading technical drivers in its standardization process in IEEE. The author was also a leading technical contributor to the definition and development of requirements and evaluation methodology for the IMT-Advanced systems in ITU-R. Reflecting the author's 20+ years expertise and experience, the book provides an in-depth, systematic and structured technical reference for professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students working in cellular communication systems, radio air-interface technologies, cellular communications protocols, advanced radio access technologies for 4G systems, and broadband cellular standards.

Autonomic networking aims to solve the mounting problems created by increasingly complex networks, by enabling devices and service-providers to decide, preferably without human intervention, what to do at any given moment, and ultimately to create self-managing networks that can interface with each other, adapting their behavior to provide the best service to the end-user in all situations. This book gives both an understanding and an assessment of the principles, methods and architectures in autonomous network management, as well as lessons learned from, the ongoing initiatives in the field. It includes contributions from industry groups at Orange Labs, Motorola, Ericsson, the ANA EU Project and leading universities. These groups all provide chapters examining the international research projects to which they are contributing, such as the EU Autonomic Network Architecture Project and Ambient Networks EU Project, reviewing current developments and demonstrating how autonomic management principles are used to define new architectures, models, protocols, and mechanisms for future network equipment.

This book is an overview of the strategies to generate high-quality films of one-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures on flexible substrates (e.g., plastics) and the use of them as building blocks to fabricating flexible devices (including electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, power systems). In addition to engineering aspects, the physics and chemistry behind the fabrication and device operation will also be discussed as well. Internationally recognized scientists from academia, national laboratories, and industries, who are the leading researchers in the emerging areas, are contributing exceptional chapters according to their cutting-edge research results and expertise. This book will be an on-time addition to the literature in nanoscience and engineering. It will be suitable for graduate students and researchers as a useful reference to stimulate their research interest as well as facilitate their research in nanoscience and engineering.

With the advent of wavelength routing and dynamic, reconfigurable optical networks, new demands are being made in the design and operation of optical amplifiers. This book provides, for the first time, a comprehensive review of optical amplifier technology in the context of these recent advances in the field. It demonstrates how to manage the trade-offs between amplifier design, network architecture and system management and operation. The book provides an overview of optical amplifiers and reconfigurable networks before examining in greater detail the issues of importance to network operators and equipment manufacturers, including 40G and 100G transmission. Optical amplifier design is fully considered, focusing on fundamentals, design solutions and amplifier performance limitations. Finally, the book discusses other emerging applications for optical amplifiers such as optical networks for high data rate systems, free space systems, long single span links and optical digital networks. This book will be of great value to R&D engineers, network and systems engineers, telecommunications service providers, component suppliers, industry analysts, network operators, postgraduate students, academics and anyone seeking to understand emerging trends in optical networks and the consequent changes in optical amplifier design, features and applications.