Optical MEMS are micro-electromechanical systems merged with micro-optics. They allow sensing or manipulating optical signals on a very small size scale using integrated mechanical, optical, and electrical systems and hold great promise specifically in biomedical applications, among others. This book describes the current state of optical MEMS in chemical and biomedical analysis with topics covered including fabrication and manufacturing technology for optical MEMS; electrothermally-actuated MEMS scanning micromirrors and their applications in endoscopic optical coherence tomography imaging; electrowetting-based microoptics; microcameras; biologically inspired optical surfaces for miniaturized optical systems; tuning nanophotonic cavities with nanoelectromechanical systems; quantum dot nanophotonics - micropatterned excitation, microarray imaging and hyperspectral microscopy; photothermal microfluidics; optical manipulation for biomedical applications; polymer-based optofluidic lenses; and nanostructured aluminum oxide-based optical biosensing and imaging. Bringing together topics representing the most exciting progress made and current trends in the field in recent years, this book is an essential addition to the bookshelves of researchers and advanced students working on developing, manufacturing or applying optical MEMS and other sensors.

With near-universal internet access and ever-advancing electronic devices, the ability to facilitate interactions between various hardware and software provides endless possibilities. Though internet of things (IoT) technology is becoming more popular among individual users and companies, more potential applications of this technology are being sought every day. There is a need for studies and reviews that discuss the methodologies, concepts, and possible problems of a technology that requires little or no human interaction between systems. The Handbook of Research on the Internet of Things Applications in Robotics and Automation is a pivotal reference source on the methods and uses of advancing IoT technology. While highlighting topics including traffic information systems, home security, and automatic parking, this book is ideally designed for network analysts, telecommunication system designers, engineers, academicians, technology specialists, practitioners, researchers, students, and software developers seeking current research on the trends and functions of this life-changing technology.

Through expanded intelligence, the use of robotics has fundamentally transformed a variety of fields, including manufacturing, aerospace, medical, social services, and agriculture. Providing successful techniques in robotic design allows for increased autonomous mobility, which leads to a greater productivity level. Novel Design and Applications of Robotics Technologies provides innovative insights into the state-of-the-art technologies in the design and development of robotic technologies and their real-world applications. The content within this publication represents the work of interactive learning, microrobot swarms, and service robots. It is a vital reference source for computer engineers, robotic developers, IT professionals, academicians, and researchers seeking coverage on topics centered on the application of robotics to perform tasks in various disciplines.

The implementation of wireless sensor networks has wide-ranging applications for monitoring various physical and environmental settings. However, certain limitations with these technologies must be addressed in order to effectively utilize them. The Handbook of Research on Advanced Wireless Sensor Network Applications, Protocols, and Architectures is a pivotal reference source for the latest research on recent innovations and developments in the field of wireless sensors. Examining the advantages and challenges presented by the application of these networks in various areas, this book is ideally designed for academics, researchers, students, and IT developers.

Satellite Soil Moisture Retrieval: Techniques and Applications offers readers a better understanding of the scientific underpinnings, development, and application of soil moisture retrieval techniques and their applications for environmental modeling and management, bringing together a collection of recent developments and rigorous applications of soil moisture retrieval techniques from optical and infrared datasets, such as the universal triangle method, vegetation indices based approaches, empirical models, and microwave techniques, particularly by utilizing earth observation datasets such as IRS III, MODIS, Landsat7, Landsat8, SMOS, AMSR-e, AMSR2 and the upcoming SMAP. Through its coverage of a wide variety of soil moisture retrieval applications, including drought, flood, irrigation scheduling, weather forecasting, climate change, precipitation forecasting, and several others, this is the first book to promote synergistic and multidisciplinary activities among scientists and users working in the hydrometeorological sciences.

‘Mr Watson, come here, I want to see you.’

It’s been almost 150 years since Alexander Graham Bell said these immortal words on the first ever phone call, to his assistant in the next room. Between 10 March 1876 and now, the world has changed beyond recognition. And telecommunications, which has played a fundamental role in this change, has itself evolved into an industry that was the sole preserve of science fiction.

When the world’s first modern mobile telephone network was launched in 1979, there were just over 300 million telephones. Today, there are more than eight billion, most of which are mobile. Most people in most countries can now contact each other in a matter of seconds. Soon we’ll all be connected, to each other, and to complex computer networks that provide us with instant information, but also observe and record our actions. No other phenomenon touches so many of us, so directly, each and every day of our lives.

This book describes how this transformation came about. It considers the technologies that underpin telecommunications – microcircuits, fibre-optics and satellites – and touches on financial aspects of the industry: privatisations, mergers and takeovers that have helped shape the $2-trillion telecom market. But for the most part, it’s a story about us and our need to communicate.

Near-field (NF) measurement techniques and the related NF to far-field (FF) transformations are gaining interest for their ability to allow an accurate evaluation of the radiation characteristics of those antennas whose electric sizes do not make it possible to perform direct FF measurements in a controlled and reflection-free environment, such as the anechoic chamber. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of classical NF-FF transformation techniques and describes the significant improvements achieved in their performance by correctly applying the non-redundant sampling representations of antenna radiated electromagnetic (EM) fields. Non-Redundant Near-Field to Far-Field Transformation Techniques is designed to meet the needs of students of antenna NF measurements, as well as of engineers and physicists working in the area. It has been written keeping in mind the fulfilment of two main objectives. The former is to provide all the analytical details on the derivation of the classical NF-FF transformation techniques without and with probe compensation, which are not easily available elsewhere in the literature. The latter is to give a comprehensive description of effective representations of the EM fields radiated over arbitrary rotational surfaces, which make use of a non-redundant (i.e., minimum) number of samples collected on these surfaces or along proper spirals wrapping them.

Semiconductor Nanowires: Part B, and Volume 94 in the Semiconductor and Semimetals series, focuses on semiconductor nanowires.

General Airgap Field Modulation Theory for Electrical Machines Introducing a new theory for electrical machines Air-gap magnetic field modulation phenomena have been widely observed in electrical machines. This book serves as the first English-language overview of these phenomena, as well as developing systematically for the first time a general theory by which to understand and research them. This theory not only serves to unify analysis of disparate electrical machines, from conventional DC machines, induction machines, and synchronous machines to unconventional flux-switching permanent magnet machines, Vernier machines, doubly-fed brushless machines etc., but also paves the way towards the creation of new electrical machine topologies. General Airgap Field Modulation Theory for Electrical Machines includes both overviews of key concepts in electrical machine engineering and in-depth specialized analysis of the novel theory itself. It works through the applications of the developed theory before proceeding to both qualitative analysis of the theory's operating principles and quantitative analysis of its parameters. Readers will also find: The collective experience of four award-winning authors with long records of international scholarship on this subject Three separate chapters covering the principal applications of the theory, with detailed examples Discussion of potential innovations made possible by this theory General Airgap Field Modulation Theory for Electrical Machines is an essential introduction to this theory for postgraduates, researchers, and electrical engineers.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

Meeting People via WiFi and Bluetooth will contain an overview of how to track people using Wireless 802.11 Radio Frequencies (Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth 802.15 Radio Frequencies. The content contained here came from research and materials originally presented at Defcon Wireless CTF Village in August 2015 entitled "Meeting People Via Wi-Fi". The book will go over the hardware and software needed in order to do this tracking, how to use these particular tools in order to do attribution, and tips for protecting yourself from being attributed via those signals.

Although existing nanometer CMOS technology is expected to remain dominant for the next decade, new non-classical devices are being developed as the potential replacements of silicon CMOS, in order to meet the ever-present demand for faster, smaller, more efficient integrate circuits. Many new devices are based on novel emerging materials such as one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional graphene, non-graphene two-dimensional materials, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Such devices use on/off operations based on quantum mechanical current transport, and so their design and fabrication require an understanding of the electronic structures of materials and technologies. Moreover, new electronic design automation (EDA) tools and techniques need to be developed based on integrating devices from emerging novel material-based technologies. The aim of this book is to explore the materials and design requirements of these emerging integrated circuit technologies, and to outline their prospective applications. It will be useful for academics and research scientists interested in future directions and developments in design, materials and applications of novel integrated circuit technologies, and for research and development professionals working at the cutting edge of integrated circuit development.