LASER INTER-SATELLITE LINKS TECHNOLOGY State of the art resource covering key technologies and related theories of inter-satellite links Laser Inter-Satellite Links Technology explores satellite networking as a growing topic in the field of communication technology, introducing the definition, types, and working frequency bands of inter-satellite links, discussing the number of orbital elements of the spacecraft motion state under two-body motion and their conversion relationship, and establishing the basic demand model for inter-satellite link network, chain topology model, and transmission protocol model. The book focuses on the analysis and introduction of the principles and error sources of microwave and laser inter-satellite ranging, including the basic composition, workflow, and constraints of the laser inter-satellite link, and related design principles of the inter-satellite laser transmitter and receivers. Later chapters also discuss theories and methods of acquisition, alignment, and tracking, the impact of alignment errors on performance, and inter-satellite link modulation and its implementation. Specific sample topics covered in Laser Inter-Satellite Links Technology include: Pulse position modulation (PPM), differential pulse position modulation (DPPM), digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM), and double-head pulse interval modulation (DH-PIM) Basic demand model of inter-satellite link network application, including basic configuration of constellations and inter-satellite transmission networks Inter-satellite ranging accuracy, principles of microwave inter-satellite ranging, and analysis of microwave ranging error sources Effect of tracking error on the beam distribution at the receiving end and influence of tracking and pointing error on communication error rate Laser Inter-Satellite Links Technology serves a completely comprehensive resource on the subject and is a must-have reference for experts and scholars in aerospace, along with graduates and senior undergraduates in related programs of study.

POWER QUALITY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS USING HIGHER-ORDER STATISTICS Help protect your network with this important reference work on cyber security Power quality (PQ) in electrotechnical systems refers to a set of characteristics related to the movement of energy and the delivery of voltage to consumers in the highest standard. As electricity networks change and adapt to new technologies and concepts of energy within a future Smart Grid, it has become clear that standardized methods by which stability and accuracy of electrical service along a network are currently measured are no longer enough to solve inherent issues in service and ensure established requirements are met. Power Quality Measurement and Analysis using Higher-Order Statistics reflects the latest information related to PQ (Power Quality) analysis solutions, particularly that related to the implementation of new quality indices in the domain of higher-order statistics (HOS). The authors--noted experts on the topic--carefully address the detection of PQ problems from two perspectives: the detection of specific events that occur on networks in isolation and continuous monitoring detection. In doing so, the authors demonstrate the use of HOS in current waveform models, enabling the characterization of different power circuit topologies and loads. This book thereby expertly explores the benefits of using HOS, bridging the gap between signal processing and power, and building a better understanding for readers. Power Quality Measurement and Analysis using Higher-Order Statistics readers will also find: A unique methodology for PQ analysis through its combination of HOS and PQ monitoring A proposal for new measurement solutions that can be easily implemented into modern instrumentation The detection of PQ problems from multiple perspectives The use of HOS in current waveform models, which enables the characterization of different power circuit topologies and loads Pitched at a specialized level, Power Quality Measurement and Analysis is an essential reference for researchers, academics, and industry insiders, as well as advanced students in this field.

Smart zero-energy buildings and communities have a major role to play in the evolution of the electric grid towards alignment with carbon neutrality policies. The goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment can be pursued through a holistic approach, including the drastic reduction of buildings’ energy consumption. The state-of-the-art in this field relates, on the one hand, to design methodologies and innovative technologies which aim to minimize the energy demand at the building level. On the other hand, the development of information and communication technologies, along with the integration of renewable energy and storage, provide the basis for zero and positive energy buildings and communities that can produce, store, manage and exchange energy at a local level. This book provides a structured and detailed insight of the state-of-the-art in this context based on the analysis of real case studies and applications.

The incredible growth in the development and use of wireless communication technologies has led to research in both academia and industry on artificial intelligence (AI) methods that enable intelligent technologies, smarter services and applications, business processes and social interactions to satisfy future requirements. AI mechanisms are being exploited in smart intelligent network applications to provide insights from collected data by identifying patterns and allowing operational predictions with higher accuracy in smaller time periods. The future of AI-powered wireless networking infrastructures depends on finding effective solutions to a number of technical challenges that such paradigms introduce, including better intelligent sensor capabilities, smarter big data analytics, automated remote data management, as well as open and secure processes. This book presents innovative research in emerging artificial intelligence methods for the processing, storing and analysing of large date sets generated by wireless communication infrastructures. It addresses major new technological developments, reflects on industry needs, current research trends and future directions. The authors focus on the development of AI-powered mechanisms for future wireless networking applications and architectures which will lead to more performant, resilient and valuable ecosystems and automated services. The book is aimed at researchers, engineers and scientists involved in the design and development of protocols and AI applications for wireless communication devices, and wireless networking technologies.

Advances in Delay-Tolerant Networks: Architecture and Enhanced Performance, Second Edition provides an important overview of delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) for researchers in electronics, computer engineering, telecommunications and networking for those in academia and R&D in industrial sectors. Part I reviews the technology involved and the prospects for improving performance, including different types of DTN and their applications, such as satellite and deep-space communications and vehicular communications. Part II focuses on how the technology can be further improved, addressing topics, such as data bundling, opportunistic routing, reliable data streaming, and the potential for rapid selection and dissemination of urgent messages. Opportunistic, delay-tolerant networks address the problem of intermittent connectivity in a network where there are long delays between sending and receiving messages, or there are periods of disconnection.

Laser Annealing Processes in Semiconductor Technology: Theory, Modeling and Applications in Nanoelectronics synthesizes the scientific and technological advances of laser annealing processes for current and emerging nanotechnologies. The book provides an overview of the laser-matter interactions of materials and recent advances in modeling of laser-related phenomena, with the bulk of the book focusing on current and emerging (beyond-CMOS) applications. Reviewed applications include laser annealing of CMOS, group IV semiconductors, superconducting materials, photonic materials, 2D materials. This comprehensive book is ideal for post-graduate students, new entrants, and experienced researchers in academia, research and development in materials science, physics and engineering.

Deep Learning for Chest Radiographs enumerates different strategies implemented by the authors for designing an efficient convolution neural network-based computer-aided classification (CAC) system for binary classification of chest radiographs into "Normal" and "Pneumonia." Pneumonia is an infectious disease mostly caused by a bacteria or a virus. The prime targets of this infectious disease are children below the age of 5 and adults above the age of 65, mostly due to their poor immunity and lower rates of recovery. Globally, pneumonia has prevalent footprints and kills more children as compared to any other immunity-based disease, causing up to 15% of child deaths per year, especially in developing countries. Out of all the available imaging modalities, such as computed tomography, radiography or X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and so on, chest radiographs are most widely used for differential diagnosis between Normal and Pneumonia. In the CAC system designs implemented in this book, a total of 200 chest radiograph images consisting of 100 Normal images and 100 Pneumonia images have been used. These chest radiographs are augmented using geometric transformations, such as rotation, translation, and flipping, to increase the size of the dataset for efficient training of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A total of 12 experiments were conducted for the binary classification of chest radiographs into Normal and Pneumonia. It also includes in-depth implementation strategies of exhaustive experimentation carried out using transfer learning-based approaches with decision fusion, deep feature extraction, feature selection, feature dimensionality reduction, and machine learning-based classifiers for implementation of end-to-end CNN-based CAC system designs, lightweight CNN-based CAC system designs, and hybrid CAC system designs for chest radiographs. This book is a valuable resource for academicians, researchers, clinicians, postgraduate and graduate students in medical imaging, CAC, computer-aided diagnosis, computer science and engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, bioengineering, and professionals from the IT industry.

Imaging sensors are crucial for electronic imaging systems, including digital cameras, camera modules, medical imaging equipment, night vision equipment, radar and sonar, drones, and many others. This contributed book covers a wide range of frequency, sensing modalities and applications, including x-ray beam imaging sensors, optical scattering sensors, smart visual sensors in robotic systems, tuneable diode Laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensors, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors, microwave imaging sensors, electro-magnetic imaging with ultra-wideband (UWB) sensors, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), electrical resistance tomography (ERT) sensors, electrical tomography for medical applications, electro-magnetic tomography (EMT) sensors, micro sensors for cell and blood imaging, and ultrasound imaging sensors. Bringing together information on state-of-the-art research in the field, this book is a valuable resource for engineers, researchers, designers and developers, and advanced students and lecturers working on sensing, imaging, optics, photonics, medical imaging, instrumentation, measurement and electronics.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a powerful sensing technology widely used for the non-destructive assessment of a variety of structures with different properties including dimensions, electrical properties, and moisture. After an introduction to the underlying concepts, this book guides the reader through the development and use of a GPR system, with an emphasis on the parameters that can be optimized, the theory behind assessment, and a coherent methodology to obtain results from a measured or simulated GPR signal. The authors then embark on a detailed discussion of support tools and numerical modelling techniques that can be applied to improve readings from GPR systems. Ground Penetrating Radar is of interest to engineers, scientists, researchers and professionals working in the fields of ground penetrating radar, non-destructive testing, geoscience and remote sensing, antennas and propagation, microwaves, electromagnetics and imaging. It will also be of use to professionals and academics in the fields of electrical, mechanical, sensing, and civil engineering as well as material science and archaeology concerned with quality control and fault analysis.

Functional Tactile Sensors: Materials, Devices and Integrations focuses on the subject of novel materials design and device integration of tactile sensors for functional applications. The book addresses the design, materials characteristics, device operation principles, specialized device application and mechanisms of the latest reported tactile sensors. The emphasis of the book lies in the materials science aspects of tactile sensors-understanding the relationship between material properties and device performance. It will be an ideal resource for researchers working in materials science, engineering and physics.

Optical Materials, Second Edition, presents, in a unified form, the underlying physical and structural processes that determine the optical behavior of materials. It does this by combining elements from physics, optics, and materials science in a seamless manner, and introducing quantum mechanics when needed. The book groups the characteristics of optical materials into classes with similar behavior. In treating each type of material, the text pays particular attention to atomic composition and chemical makeup, electronic states and band structure, and physical microstructure so that the reader will gain insight into the kinds of materials engineering and processing conditions that are required to produce a material exhibiting a desired optical property. The physical principles are presented on many levels, including a physical explanation, followed by formal mathematical support and examples and methods of measurement. The reader may overlook the equations with no loss of comprehension, or may use the text to find appropriate equations for calculations of optical properties.

Unmanned Aerial Systems: Theoretical Foundation and Applications presents some of the latest innovative approaches to drones from the point-of-view of dynamic modeling, system analysis, optimization, control, communications, 3D-mapping, search and rescue, surveillance, farmland and construction monitoring, and more. With the emergence of low-cost UAS, a vast array of research works in academia and products in the industrial sectors have evolved. The book covers the safe operation of UAS, including, but not limited to, fundamental design, mission and path planning, control theory, computer vision, artificial intelligence, applications requirements, and more. This book provides a unique reference of the state-of-the-art research and development of unmanned aerial systems, making it an essential resource for researchers, instructors and practitioners.

Organometallic Luminescence: A Case Study of Alq3, an OLED Reference Material contains many discoveries on Alq3, an important organometallic material to the optoelectronics community that includes insights that can be applied to other organic compounds. The book contains groundbreaking research from the author's own investigation into the Alq3 material that is based on years of experiments, the results of which initially escaped any logical explanation. The book describes a simple method based on photoluminescence to observe optical properties in Alq3, also covering the optical properties of absorption and long decay from theoretical and experimental perspectives.

5G BACKHAUL AND FRONTHAUL In-depth coverage of all technologies required for deployment and further evolution of 5G mobile network backhaul and fronthaul In this book, a team of communications technology experts deliver an up-to-date and technical discussion of 5G backhaul and fronthaul, preparing readers for the deployment of 5G technologies, covering the technologies essentials, and offering views of further 5G backhaul and fronthaul evolution. 5G Backhaul and Fronthaul serves both advanced-level experts with senior roles in organizations who are already proficient in these technologies, and general interest readers seeking a primer on what these technologies can provide. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to 5G backhaul and fronthaul, as well as selected industry forums and activities Analysis of high-level requirements for 5G backhaul and fronthaul and 5G network architecture In-depth explorations of wireless backhaul and fronthaul access technologies, including fiber optic and wireless technologies, network security, network slicing, IP VPNs, Ethernet services, time sensitive networks and shared transport Practical treatments of the functions and services provided by backhaul and fronthaul Coverage of new 5G enterprise, industrial and smart city deployments Perfect for mobile network industry professionals, 5G Backhaul and Fronthaul will also earn a place in the libraries of people with an interest in 5G technologies, fiber technologies, IP and security, Ethernet, mobile network synchronization and mobile network performance.

NONLINEAR FILTERS Discover the utility of using deep learning and (deep) reinforcement learning in deriving filtering algorithms with this insightful and powerful new resource Nonlinear Filters: Theory and Applications delivers an insightful view on state and parameter estimation by merging ideas from control theory, statistical signal processing, and machine learning. Taking an algorithmic approach, the book covers both classic and machine learning-based filtering algorithms. Readers of Nonlinear Filters will greatly benefit from the wide spectrum of presented topics including stability, robustness, computability, and algorithmic sufficiency. Readers will also enjoy: Organization that allows the book to act as a stand-alone, self-contained reference A thorough exploration of the notion of observability, nonlinear observers, and the theory of optimal nonlinear filtering that bridges the gap between different science and engineering disciplines A profound account of Bayesian filters including Kalman filter and its variants as well as particle filter A rigorous derivation of the smooth variable structure filter as a predictor-corrector estimator formulated based on a stability theorem, used to confine the estimated states within a neighborhood of their true values A concise tutorial on deep learning and reinforcement learning A detailed presentation of the expectation maximization algorithm and its machine learning-based variants, used for joint state and parameter estimation Guidelines for constructing nonparametric Bayesian models from parametric ones Perfect for researchers, professors, and graduate students in engineering, computer science, applied mathematics, and artificial intelligence, Nonlinear Filters: Theory and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of those studying or practicing in fields involving pandemic diseases, cybersecurity, information fusion, augmented reality, autonomous driving, urban traffic network, navigation and tracking, robotics, power systems, hybrid technologies, and finance.

The need to more efficiently harvest energy for electronics has spurred investigation into materials that can harvest energy from locally abundant sources. Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Storage is the first book to bring together fundamental mechanisms for harvesting various abundant energy sources using ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials. The authors discuss strategies of designing materials for efficiently harvesting energy sources like solar, wind, wave, temperature fluctuations, mechanical vibrations, biomechanical motion, and stray magnetic fields. In addition, concepts of the high density energy storage using ferroelectric materials is explored. Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Storage is appropriate for those working in materials science and engineering, physics, chemistry and electrical engineering disciplines.

SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS Provides the authoritative and up-to-date information required for securing IoT architecture and applications The vast amount of data generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) has made information and cyber security vital for not only personal privacy, but also for the sustainability of the IoT itself. Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things brings together high-quality research on IoT security models, architectures, techniques, and application domains. This concise yet comprehensive volume explores state-of-the-art mitigations in IoT security while addressing important security and privacy challenges across different IoT layers. The book provides timely coverage of IoT architecture, security technologies and mechanisms, and applications. The authors outline emerging trends in IoT security and privacy with a focus on areas such as smart environments and e-health. Topics include authentication and access control, attack detection and prevention, securing IoT through traffic modeling, human aspects in IoT security, and IoT hardware security. Presenting the current body of knowledge in a single volume, Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things: Discusses a broad range of IoT attacks and defense mechanisms Examines IoT security and privacy protocols and approaches Covers both the logical and physical security of IoT devices Addresses IoT security through network traffic modeling Describes privacy preserving techniques in smart cities Explores current threat and vulnerability analyses Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things: Architectures, Techniques, and Applications is essential reading for researchers, industry practitioners, and students involved in IoT security development and IoT systems deployment.

Organic Electronics is a novel field of electronics that has gained an incredible attention over the past few decades. New materials, device architectures and applications have been continuously introduced by the academic and also industrial communities, and novel topics have raised strong interest in such communities, as molecular doping, thermoelectrics, bioelectronics and many others. Organic Flexible Electronics is mainly divided into three sections. The first part is focused on the fundamentals of organic electronics, such as charge transport models in these systems and new approaches for the design and synthesis of novel molecules. The first section addresses the main challenges that are still open in this field, including the important role of interfaces for achieving high-performing devices or the novel approaches employed for improving reliability issues. The second part discusses the most innovative devices which have been developed in recent years, such as devices for energy harvesting, flexible batteries, high frequency circuits, and flexible devices for tattoo electronics and bioelectronics. Finally the book reviews the most important applications moving from more standard flexible back panels to wearable and textile electronics and more futuristic applications like ingestible systems.