Cyber-Physical Systems: AI and COVID-19 highlights original research which addresses current data challenges in terms of the development of mathematical models, cyber-physical systems-based tools and techniques, and the design and development of algorithmic solutions, etc. It reviews the technical concepts of gathering, processing and analyzing data from cyber-physical systems (CPS) and reviews tools and techniques that can be used. This book will act as a resource to guide COVID researchers as they move forward with clinical and epidemiological studies on this outbreak, including the technical concepts of gathering, processing and analyzing data from cyber-physical systems (CPS). The major problem in the identification of COVID-19 is detection and diagnosis due to non-availability of medicine. In this situation, only one method, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) has been widely adopted and used for diagnosis. With the evolution of COVID-19, the global research community has implemented many machine learning and deep learning-based approaches with incremental datasets. However, finding more accurate identification and prediction methods are crucial at this juncture.

Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE): A Practical Guide introduces readers to the topic, guiding them through fundamental concepts and the latest advances in applications. The book covers concepts, principles and working mechanisms of AIE in AIE-active luminogens, with different classes of AIE luminogens reviewed, including polymers, three-dimensional frameworks (MOFs and COFs) and supramolecular gels. Special focus is given to the structure-property relationship, structural design strategies, targeted properties and application performance. The book provides readers with a deep understanding, not only on the fundamental principles of AIE, but more importantly, on how AIE luminogens and AIE properties can be incorporated in material development.

Nanostructured Zinc Oxide covers the various routes for the synthesis of different types of nanostructured zinc oxide including; 1D (nanorods, nanowires etc.), 2D and 3D (nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanospheres etc.). This comprehensive overview provides readers with a clear understanding of the various parameters controlling morphologies. The book also reviews key properties of ZnO including optical, electronic, thermal, piezoelectric and surface properties and techniques in order to tailor key properties. There is a large emphasis in the book on ZnO nanostructures and their role in optoelectronics. ZnO is very interesting and widely investigated material for a number of applications. This book presents up-to-date information about the ZnO nanostructures-based applications such as gas sensing, pH sensing, photocatalysis, antibacterial activity, drug delivery, and electrodes for optoelectronics.

ANTENNA AND ARRAY TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE WIRELESS ECOSYSTEMS Discover a timely and accessible resource on the latest antenna research driving new developments in the field In Antenna and Array Technologies for Future Wireless Ecosystems, distinguished academics and authors Drs. Y. Jay Guo and Richard W. Ziolkowski deliver a cutting-edge resource for researchers, academics, students, and engineers who need the latest research findings on the newest challenges facing antenna designers who will be creating the technology that drives future 6G and beyond wireless systems and networks. This timely and impactful book offers the fundamental knowledge that will facilitate new research activities in the antennas and applied electromagnetics communities, and conveys innovative and practical solutions to many wireless industry problems. Its international cohort of leading authors delivers their findings on a variety of advanced topics in antenna and array research, including metasurface antennas; electrically small directive antennas; RF, millimeter-wave and THz antennas and arrays; atom-based sensors, and arrays of quantum emitters. The book also includes resources that cover the important topics: A thorough introduction to various intelligent and low-cost beam scanning, beamforming and beam-reconfigurable array technologies to support dynamic networking of future systems An exploration of advanced techniques for analyzing large arrays, as well as an examination of advanced antenna-in-package technologies for future mm-wave systems Discussions of the latest research on electrically small and extremely large hybrid antenna arrays, and photonic beamforming networks to address spectrum scarcity in future systems Low form-factor, low energy-consumption, and wireless power transfer antennas for the Internet of Things (IoT) This book is the companion of the Wiley book by the same authors, Advanced Antenna Array Engineering for 6G and Beyond Wireless Communications. Perfect for antenna engineers in academia and industry, Antenna and Array Technologies for Future Wireless Ecosystems will also be an essential resource in the libraries of senior undergraduate and graduate students studying antenna engineering applied electromagnetics and seeking a one-stop reference for state-of-the-art global antenna and antenna array research activities.

5G NR and Enhancements: From R15 to R16 introduces 5G standards, along with the 5G standardization procedure. The pros and cons of this technical option are reviewed, with the reason why the solution selected explained. The book's authors are 3GPP delegates who have been working on 4G/5G standardization for over 10 years. Their experience with the 5G standardization process will help readers understand the technology. Thousands of 3GPP papers and dozens of meeting minutes are also included to help explain how the 5G stand came into form.

Now in its Third Edition, Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides continues to be an essential resource for any researcher, professional or student involved in optics and communications engineering. Any reader interested in designing or actively working with optical devices must have a firm grasp of the principles of lightwave propagation. Katsunari Okamoto continues to present this difficult technology clearly and concisely with several illustrations and equations. Optical theory encompassed in this reference includes coupled mode theory, nonlinear optical effects, finite element method, beam propagation method, staircase concatenation method, along with several central theorems and formulas. Silicon photonics devices such as coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROW), lattice-form filters, and AWGs are also fully described. This new edition gives readers not only a thorough understanding the silicon photonics devices for on-chip photonic network, but also the capability to design various kinds of devices.

5G IoT and Edge Computing for Smart Healthcare addresses the importance of a 5G IoT and Edge-Cognitive-Computing-based system for the successful implementation and realization of a smart-healthcare system. The book provides insights on 5G technologies, along with intelligent processing algorithms/processors that have been adopted for processing the medical data that would assist in addressing the challenges in computer-aided diagnosis and clinical risk analysis on a real-time basis. Each chapter is self-sufficient, solving real-time problems through novel approaches that help the audience acquire the right knowledge. With the progressive development of medical and communication - computer technologies, the healthcare system has seen a tremendous opportunity to support the demand of today's new requirements.

Renewable Polymers and Polymer-Metal Oxide Composites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications serves as a reference on the key concepts of the advances of polymer-oxide composites. The book reviews knowledge on polymer-composite theory, properties, structure, synthesis, and their characterization and applications. There is an emphasis on coupling metal oxides with polymers from renewable sources. Also, the latest advances in the relationship between the microstructure of the composites and the resulting improvement of the material's properties and performance are covered. The applications addressed include desalination, tissue engineering, energy storage, hybrid energy systems, food, and agriculture. This book is suitable for early-career researchers in academia and R&D in industry who are working in the disciplines of materials science, engineering, chemistry and physics.

Dielectric Spectroscopy of Electronic Materials: Applied Physics of Dielectrics incorporates the results of four decades of research and applications of dielectric spectroscopy for solids, mostly for the investigation of materials used in electronics. The book differs from others by more detailed analysis of the features of dielectric spectra conditioned by specific mechanisms of electrical polarization and conductivity. Some original methods are presented in the simulation of frequency distributions (relaxers and oscillators), with methods proposed for various ferroelectrics frequency-temperature dielectric spectra. Also described are original methods for ferroelectrics on microwaves investigation, including the features of thin films study. The book is not burdened by complex mathematical proofs and should help readers quickly understand how to apply dielectric spectroscopy methods to their own research problems. More advanced readers may also find this book valuable as a review of the key concepts and latest advances on the topics presented.

Microsupercapacitors systematically guides the reader through the key materials, characterization techniques, performance factors and potential applications and benefits to society of this emerging electrical energy storage solution. The book reviews the technical challenges in scaling down supercapacitors, covering materials, performance, design and applications perspectives. Sections provide a fundamental understanding of microsupercapacitors and compare them to existing energy storage technologies. Final discussions consider the factors that impact performance, potential tactics to improve performance, barriers to implementation, emerging solutions to those barriers, and a future outlook. This book will be of particular interest to materials scientists and engineers working in academia, research and development.

Ternary Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications reviews the latest advances in ternary (I-III-VI) chalcopyrite quantum dots (QDs), along with their synthesis, properties and applications. Sections address the fundamental key concepts of ternary quantum dots, progress in synthesis strategies (i.e., organic and aqueous synthesis), and characterization methods (i.e., transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, etc.). Properties of ternary quantum dots are comprehensively reviewed, including optical, chemical and physical properties. The factors and mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of ternary quantum dot-based nanomaterials are also described. Since ternary chalcopyrite quantum dots are less toxic and more environmentally benign than conventional binary II-VI chalcogenide quantum dots, they are being investigated to replace conventional quantum dots in a range of applications. Thus, this book reviews QDs in various applications, such as solar cells, photocatalytic, sensors and bio-applications.

Topological Insulator and Related Topics, Volume 108 in the Semiconductors and Semimental series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as Majorana modes at the ends of one dimensional topological superconductors, Optical/electronic properties of Weyl semimetals, High magnetic fields to unveil the electronic structure, magnetic field-induced transitions, and unconventional transport properties of topological semimetals, New aspects of strongly correlated superconductivity in the nearly flat-band regime, Anomalous transport properties in topological semimetals, Pseudo-gauge field and piezo-electromagnetic response in topological materials, Topological Gapped States Protected by Spatial Symmetries, and more.

Structured Light for Optical Communication highlights principles and applications in the rapidly evolving field of structured light in wide-ranging contexts, from classical forms of communication to new frontiers of quantum communication. Besides the basic principles and applications, the book covers the background of structured light in its most common forms, as well as state-of-the-art developments. Structured light has been hailed as affording outstanding prospects for the realization of high bandwidth communication, enhanced tools for more highly secure cryptography, and exciting opportunities for providing a reliable platform for quantum computing. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students and other active researchers, as well as others who may be interested in learning about this cutting-edge research field.

Advances in Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP), Second Edition provides the latest information on a mainstream process that is critical for high-volume, high-yield semiconductor manufacturing, and even more so as device dimensions continue to shrink. The second edition includes the recent advances of CMP and its emerging materials, methods, and applications, including coverage of post-CMP cleaning challenges and tribology of CMP. This important book offers a systematic review of fundamentals and advances in the area. Part one covers CMP of dielectric and metal films, with chapters focusing on the use of current and emerging techniques and processes and on CMP of various materials, including ultra low-k materials and high-mobility channel materials, and ending with a chapter reviewing the environmental impacts of CMP processes. New content addressed includes CMP challenges with tungsten, cobalt, and ruthenium as interconnect and barrier films, consumables for ultralow topography and CMP for memory devices. Part two addresses consumables and process control for improved CMP and includes chapters on CMP pads, diamond disc pad conditioning, the use of FTIR spectroscopy for characterization of surface processes and approaches for defection characterization, mitigation, and reduction. Advances in Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP), Second Edition is an invaluable resource and key reference for materials scientists and engineers in academia and R&D.

Magnetic skyrmions are particle-like objects described by localized solutions of non-linear partial differential equations. Up until a few decades ago, it was believed that magnetic skyrmions only existed in condensed matter as short-term excitations that would quickly collapse into linear singularities. The contrary was proven theoretically in 1989 and evidentially in 2009. It is now known that skyrmions can exist as long-living metastable configurations in low-symmetry condensed matter systems with broken mirror symmetry, increasing the potential applications possible. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delves into the fundamental principles and most recent research and developments surrounding these unique magnetic particles. Despite achievements in the synthesis of systems stabilizing chiral magnetic skyrmions and the variety of experimental investigations and numerical calculations, there have not been many summaries of the fundamental physical principles governing magnetic skyrmions or integrating those concepts with methods of detection, characterization and potential applications. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delivers a coherent, state-of-the-art discussion on the current knowledge and potential applications of magnetic skyrmions in magnetic materials and device applications. First the book reviews key concepts such as topology, magnetism and materials for magnetic skyrmions. Then, charactization methods, physical mechanisms, and emerging applications are discussed.

Machine Learning for Future Fiber-Optic Communication Systems provides a comprehensive and in-depth treatment of machine learning concepts and techniques applied to key areas within optical communications and networking, reflecting the state-of-the-art research and industrial practices. The book gives knowledge and insights into the role machine learning-based mechanisms will soon play in the future realization of intelligent optical network infrastructures that can manage and monitor themselves, diagnose and resolve problems, and provide intelligent and efficient services to the end users. With up-to-date coverage and extensive treatment of various important topics related to machine learning for fiber-optic communication systems, this book is an invaluable reference for photonics researchers and engineers. It is also a very suitable text for graduate students interested in ML-based signal processing and networking.

Electrical Safety Engineering of Renewable Energy Systems A reference to designing and developing electrical systems connected to renewable energies Electrical Safety Engineering of Renewable Energy Systems is an authoritative text that offers an in-depth exploration to the safety challenges of renewable systems. The authors--noted experts on the topic--cover a wide-range of renewable systems including photovoltaic, wind, and cogeneration and propose a safety-by-design approach. The book clearly illustrates safe behavior in complex real-world renewable energy systems using practical approaches. The book contains a review of the foundational electrical engineering topics and highlights how safety engineering links to the renewable energies. Designed as an accessible resource, the text discusses the most relevant and current topics supported by rigorous analytical, theoretical and numerical analyses. The authors also provide guidelines for readers interested in practical applications. This important book: Reviews of the major electrical engineering topics Shows how safety engineering links to the renewable energies Discusses the most relevant current topics in the field Provides solid theoretical and numerical explanations Written for students and professional electrical engineers, Electrical Safety Engineering of Renewable Energy Systems explores the safety challenges of renewable systems and proposes a safety-by-design approach, which is currently missing in current literature.