While discrimination in the workplace is often perceived to be undertaken at the hands of individual or 'rogue' employees acting against the better interest of their employers, the truth is often the opposite: organizations are inciting discrimination through the work environments that they create. Worse, the law increasingly ignores this reality and exacerbates the problem. In this groundbreaking book, Tristin K. Green describes the process of discrimination laundering, showing how judges are changing the law to protect employers, and why. By bringing organizations back into the discussion of discrimination, with real-world stories and extensive social-science research, Green shows how organizational and legal efforts to minimize discrimination - usually by policing individuals over broader organizational change - are taking us in the wrong direction, and how the law could do better, by creating incentives for organizational efforts that are likely to minimize discrimination, instead of inciting it.

Der Autor lotet die Bedeutung des 174 BGB fur das Kundigungsrecht aus. Er beschreibt umfassend, welche Konsequenzen sich aus dieser Norm fur die Kundigung durch einen Vertreter ergeben. Besondere Beachtung finden dabei der Nachweis der Vertretungsmacht, das Inkenntnissetzen des Arbeitnehmers von einer bestehenden Vertretungsmacht, Kundigungen durch Prokuristen, Gesellschafter der Gesellschaft burgerlichen Rechts, Ausubung und Grenzen des Zuruckweisungsrechts sowie das Verhaltnis von 174 BGB zu 180 BGB.

Einstweilige Verfugungsverfahren, die zum Zwecke der gerichtlichen Untersagung von gewerkschaftlich organisierten Streiks eingeleitet werden, kommen in diesem Werk auf den Prufstand. In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist seit dem Lokomotivfuhrerstreik von 2007 vermehrt in die Trickkiste gegriffen worden, um den Ausgang arbeitskampfrechtlicher Eilverfahren in die jeweils gewunschte Richtung zu beeinflussen. Mittlerweile hat das Arbeitskampfrecht prozessuale Schlagseite erlitten. Der Autor geht der Frage nach, ob Arbeitsgerichtsgesetz und Zivilprozessordnung in Zeiten der neuen Arbeitskampfwirklichkeit uberhaupt noch der Herbeifuhrung gesetzesmassiger, richtiger und daruber hinaus auch gerechter Entscheidungen dienen.

Employment for former prisoners is a critical pathway toward reintegration into society and is central to the processes of desistance from crime. Nevertheless, the economic climate in Western countries has aggravated the ability of former prisoners and people with criminal records to find gainful employment.After Prison opens with a former prisoner's story of reintegration employment experiences. Next,relying on a combination of research interviews, quantitative data, and literature, contributors present an international comparative review of Canada's evolving criminal record legislation; the promotive features of employment; the complex constraints and stigma former prisoners encounter as they seek employment; and the individual and societal benefits of assistingformer prisoners attain ""gainful"" employment. A main theme throughout is the interrelationship between employment and other central conditions necessary for safety and sustenance. This book offers suggestions for criminal record policy amendments and new reintegration practices that would assist individuals in the search for employment. Using the evidence and research findings of practitioners and scholars in social work,criminology and law, psychology, and other related fields, the contributors concentrate on strategies that will reduce the stigma of having been in prison; foster supportive relationships between social and legal agencies and prisons and parole systems; and encourage individually tailored resources and training following release of individuals.

International law and most national legal systems recognize the right to strike as a fundamental human right. However, the most common qualification for a strike is that the action must first be approved by ballot. These types of requirements are often said to be necessary to protect the democratic rights of the workers - the so-called democratic imperative. But is that truly their aim? This book draws on detailed empirical study of the Australian legislative provisions for pre-strike ballots; a comparative analysis of law and practice in a range of countries including Canada, South Africa, the United States, and the United Kingdom; and the approaches of the supervisory bodies of the International Labour Organisation to evaluate the true purpose and effect of the ballot requirement. While in some cases the ballot requirement provided additional bargaining leverage for unions, overall, the study showed that the principle purpose of ballot requirements is to curtail strikes rather than vindicate the democratic imperative it claims to support. Exploring collective bargaining and union democracy, this is an essential title for those involved in or studying labour law. This book also demonstrates the fundamental shortcomings of ballot regimes, and provides and accessible exploration of the operation of said regimes, which makes this a helpful tool for unionists to understand their rights as workers. It also considers significant policy questions in the field and is relevant in the respect of the international labour law regime.

Im Jahr 2006 trat das Allgemeine Gleichbehandlungsgesetz (AGG) in Kraft. Diese Studie beleuchtet die Auswirkungen des AGG und der neu eingefuhrten Benachteiligungsverbote auf das Betriebsrentenrecht. Hierbei uberpruft der Autor zunachst anhand verschiedener, bislang im Betriebsrentenrecht ublicher Regelungen, inwiefern diese moeglicherweise durch die neuen Benachteiligungsverbote unzulassig geworden sind. Im Anschluss analysiert er, welche Auswirkungen sich aus der Feststellung ergeben, dass eine bis zum Jahr 2006 zulassige Regelung moeglicherweise nun nicht mehr gesetzeskonform ist.

The US Supreme Court has systematically eroded the rights of minority workers through subtle changes in procedural law. This accessible book identifies and describes how the Supreme Court's new procedural requirements create legal obstacles for civil-rights litigants, thereby undermining their substantive rights. Seiner takes the next step of providing a framework that practitioners can use to navigate these murky waters, allowing workers a better chance of prevailing with their claims. Seiner clearly illustrates how to effectively use his framework, applying the proposed model to one emerging sector - the on-demand industry. Many minority workers now face pervasive discrimination in an uncertain legal environment. This book will serve as a roadmap for successful workplace litigation and a valuable resource for civil-rights research. It will also spark a debate among scholars, lawyers, and others in the legal community over the use of procedure to alter substantive worker rights.

In the decades following the globalization of the world economy, trafficking, forced labor and modern slavery have emerged as significant global problems. States negotiated the Palermo Protocol in 2000 under which they agreed to criminalize trafficking, primarily understood as an issue of serious organized crime. Sixteen years later, leading academics, activists and policy makers from international organizations come together in this edited volume and adopt an inter-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder approach to revisit trafficking through the lens of labor migration and extreme exploitation and, in the process, rethink the law and governance of trafficking. This volume considers many key factors, including the evolving international law on trafficking, the relationship between trafficking, slavery, indenture and domestic migration law and policy as well as newly emergent techniques of governance, including indicators, all with a view to furthering prospects for lasting economic justice in a globalized world.

Adelle Blackett tells the story behind the International Labour Organization's (ILO) Decent Work for Domestic Workers Convention No. 189, and its accompanying Recommendation No. 201 which in 2011 created the first comprehensive international standards to extend fundamental protections and rights to the millions of domestic workers laboring in other peoples' homes throughout the world. As the principal legal architect, Blackett is able to take us behind the scenes to show us how Convention No. 189 transgresses the everyday law of the household workplace to embrace domestic workers' human rights claim to be both workers like any other, and workers like no other. In doing so, she discusses the importance of understanding historical forms of invisibility, recognizes the influence of the domestic workers themselves, and weaves in poignant experiences, infusing the discussion of laws and standards with intimate examples and sophisticated analyses. Looking to the future, she ponders how international institutions such as the ILO will address labor market informality alongside national and regional law reform. Regardless of what comes next, Everyday Transgressions establishes that domestic workers' victory is a victory for the ILO and for all those who struggle for an inclusive, transnational vision of labor law, rooted in social justice.

Dieses Buch fuhrt der Diskussion um die Wahl der "richtigen" Rechtsform fur ein Universitatsklinikum neue dogmatische Substanz zu. Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Darstellung des bestehenden Kompetenzgeflechts zwischen Universitat und Land aufgrund der gesetzlich verankerten Aufgabengewahrleistung von Forschung, Lehre und Krankenversorgung. Moegliche Rechtsformen eines Universitatsklinikums und Optimierungsmoeglichkeiten werden aufgezeigt. Die Autorin richtet ihr Augenmerk auch auf das seit 2006 materiell privatisierte Universitatsklinikum Marburg/Giessen. Sie kommt unter anderem zu dem Ergebnis, dass der hoheitliche Auftrag der Aufgabengewahrleistung in einer oeffentlich-rechtlichen Rechtsform erfolgreicher durchzusetzen ist.

While discrimination in the workplace is often perceived to be undertaken at the hands of individual or 'rogue' employees acting against the better interest of their employers, the truth is often the opposite: organizations are inciting discrimination through the work environments that they create. Worse, the law increasingly ignores this reality and exacerbates the problem. In this groundbreaking book, Tristin K. Green describes the process of discrimination laundering, showing how judges are changing the law to protect employers, and why. By bringing organizations back into the discussion of discrimination, with real-world stories and extensive social-science research, Green shows how organizational and legal efforts to minimize discrimination - usually by policing individuals over broader organizational change - are taking us in the wrong direction, and how the law could do better, by creating incentives for organizational efforts that are likely to minimize discrimination, instead of inciting it.

Was schutzt die nach Art. 16 GRC gewahrleistete Vertragsfreiheit des Unternehmers und wie wirkt sich dieser Schutz auf das deutsche Arbeitsrecht aus? Auf diese Fragen gibt der Band Auskunft und berucksichtigt dabei die Besonderheiten, die im Europaischen Arbeitsrecht bestehen. Diese bislang kaum thematisierten Besonderheiten treten bei der Frage nach der Geltung von Art. 16 GRC ganz deutlich hervor und fuhren zu - auf den ersten Blick - uberraschenden Ergebnissen.

Frequent illness, burnout, addiction problems, and chronic low performance may be signs of structural problems that demand lasting solutions. For this purpose, executives, managers, and works councils need to create the right environment by making full use of available options.

South Africa’s history of colonialism and apartheid has created deep patterns of inequality and poverty. One of the ways in which the government has tried to address the high levels of inequality that characterise the South African labour market, is through an extensive process of legislative reform, which includes the Employment Equity Act (EEA) of 1998.

The EEA was enacted to achieve equity in the workplace by prohibiting unfair discrimination and by requiring the implementation of affirmative action measures to ensure the equitable representation of designated groups (blacks, women and disabled persons) in all occupational categories and levels in the workforce. The Act gives effect to the constitutional imperative for substantive equality in respect of the workplace.

One decade after the enactment of the EEA, this collection of essays evaluates its efficacy in achieving its stated goals. This is done against the background of comparative experiences elsewhere, in particular India, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany and the European Union.

Aktienoptionen sind eine an den Aktienkurs gekoppelte Vergutungsform. Ihr Einsatz soll die Mitarbeiter zugunsten des Aktienkurses zur Mehrleistung motivieren und an das Unternehmen binden. Der Bindung dienen primar Wartefristen fur die Ausubung der Optionen in Kombination mit Klauseln, die zum Verfall bei der Beendigung des Arbeitsverhaltnisses fuhren. Daneben besteht das Risiko, dass die Optionen infolge fallender Aktienkurse voellig wertlos werden. Bilden sie einen variablen Vergutungsbestandteil, steht die Austauschgerechtigkeit auf dem Spiel. Die gesellschaftsrechtlich gewunschten Zwecke stehen im Spannungsfeld zu den Schutzzwecken des Arbeitsrechts. Die Arbeit analysiert die Vielzahl der typischen gesellschafts- und arbeitsrechtlichen Probleme bei Ausgabe von Aktienoptionen. Der innovative Schwerpunkt liegt in der breiten AGB-Kontrolle der verschiedensten Vertragsgestaltungen und der Untersuchung, in welchem Umfang das Wirtschaftsrisiko auf den Arbeitnehmer verlagert werden darf.

Dieses Buch behandelt das europaische Verbot der Altersdiskriminierung und wendet es auf deutsche Berufssoldatinnen und Berufssoldaten an. Diese unterliegen sehr ausdifferenzierten Altersgrenzen. Ob und inwieweit diese am Massstab des Unionsrechts zu uberprufen sind und diesem Massstab standhalten, ist zentraler Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Ausserdem widmet sich die Autorin dem Problem, dass Beamte und Arbeitnehmer mit voellig anderen Altersgrenzen haufig dieselben Aufgaben wie Soldatinnen und Soldaten erfullen. Vor dem Hintergrund einer verlangerten Lebensarbeitszeit stellt sie sich auch den rechtspolitischen Fragen, die durch die Besonderheiten des geltenden Rechts aufgeworfen werden.

Bei der gerichtsnahen Mediation hilft ein im konkreten Rechtsstreit nicht zur Entscheidung berufener Richter den Konfliktparteien, im Wege der Mediation eine Loesung ihres Konflikts herbeizufuhren. Die Arbeit befasst sich neben einer umfassenden Auseinandersetzung mit der gerichtsnahen Mediation im Allgemeinen mit einer Darstellung und Auswertung der bisherigen Modellversuche zur Implementierung der gerichtsnahen Mediation in das gerichtliche Verfahren sowie mit der Zulassigkeit einer flachendeckenden Einfuhrung der gerichtsnahen Mediation. Daruber hinaus wird der Entwurf einer gesetzlichen Regelung der gerichtsnahen Mediation erarbeitet. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf einer Betrachtung der gerichtsnahen Mediation in der Verwaltungs-, Sozial- und Finanzgerichtsbarkeit.

In persuading the Supreme Court that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry, the LGBT rights movement has achieved its most important objective of the last few decades. Throughout its history, the marriage equality movement has been criticized by those who believe marriage rights were a conservative cause overshadowing a host of more important issues. Now that nationwide marriage equality is a reality, everyone who cares about LGBT rights must grapple with how best to promote the interests of sexual and gender identity minorities in a society that permits same-sex couples to marry. This book brings together 12 original essays by leading scholars of law, politics, and society to address the most important question facing the LGBT movement today: What does marriage equality mean for the future of LGBT rights? After Marriage Equality explores crucial and wide-ranging social, political, and legal issues confronting the LGBT movement, including the impact of marriage equality on political activism and mobilization, antidiscrimination laws, transgender rights, LGBT elders, parenting laws and policies, religious liberty, sexual autonomy, and gender and race differences. The book also looks at how LGBT movements in other nations have responded to the recognition of same-sex marriages, and what we might emulate or adjust in our own advocacy. Aiming to spark discussion and further debate regarding the challenges and possibilities of the LGBT movement's future, After Marriage Equality will be of interest to anyone who cares about the future of sexual equality.

Die Arbeitnehmeruberlassung hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten als flexibles personalpolitisches Instrument in Europa immer groessere Bedeutung gewonnen. Vor allem nach den AEnderungen des Arbeitnehmeruberlassungsgesetzes im Jahre 2011 und den damit verbundenen neu aufgeworfenen Fragen ist sie in Deutschland weiterhin brandaktuell. Auch in Italien hat die Regelung der Arbeitnehmeruberlassung zahlreiche Reformen erfahren, ausgehend von der Biagi-Reform im Jahr 2003 bis zur Riforma Fornero im Jahr 2012. Die Verfasserin vergleicht das Regelungssystem beider Lander unter Herausarbeitung der Frage, inwieweit die zahlreichen Arbeitsmarktreformen in den vergangenen etwa 15 Jahren dem auf europaischer Ebene erarbeiteten Konzept der Flexicurity Rechnung tragen.

Long-established as the leading work in this area, this title has provided authoritative guidance to lawyers, tribunals, and other experts dealing with professional discipline and regulation. Written by a team of specialist authors who have extensive experience in this area, thereby ensuring that every area is covered in depth. The book addresses all the major regulatory fields of expertise, and provides expert analysis on the full range of issues that may arise in the course of disciplinary proceedings. Part 1: General Part 2: The Disciplinary Process Part 3: Specific Regulatory Regimes Part 4: Data Protection and Freedom of Information

Lebensfuhrungspflichten sind regelmassig Gegenstand rechtstheoretischer Diskussionen und Untersuchungen, spielen aber vor allem auch in der kirchen- und arbeitsrechtlichen Praxis eine bedeutende Rolle. Die besondere Problematik dieses Themas liegt darin, dass in den Augen der OEffentlichkeit die private Lebensfuhrung kirchlicher Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter als Ausweis der Glaubwurdigkeit kirchlicher Verkundigung angesehen wird, die rechtliche Ausformung und praktische Durchsetzung bestimmter Pflichten aus diesem Bereich aber auf erhebliche Schwierigkeiten stoesst. Dies wird vor allem dadurch bedingt, dass kirchlicher Dienst in unterschiedlichen Formen wahrgenommen wird, namlich in oeffentlich-rechtlichen Dienstverhaltnissen, in privatrechtlichen Anstellungsverhaltnissen und als ehrenamtlicher Dienst. Die Arbeit beschaftigt sich insbesondere auch mit Fragen in dem zuletzt genannten Bereich.

Lochner v. New York (1905), which pitted a conservative activist judiciary against a reform-minded legislature, remains one of the most important and most frequently cited cases in Supreme Court history. In this concise and readable guide, Paul Kens shows us why the case remains such an important marker in the ideological battles between the free market and the regulatory state.

The Supreme Court's decision declared unconstitutional a New York State law limiting bakery workers to no more than ten hours per day or sixty hours per week. By evoking its "police power," the state hoped to eliminate the employers' abuse of these workers. But the 5-4 majority opinion, authored by Justice Rufus Peckham and renounced by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, cited the state's violation of due process and the "right of contract between employers and employees," which the majority believed was protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.

Critics jumped on the decision as an example of conservative juidicial activism promoting laissez-faire capitalism at the expense of progressive reform. As series editors Peter Hoffer and N.E.H. Hull note in their preface, "the case also raised a host of significant questions regarding the impetus of state legislatures to enter the workplace and regulate hours, wages, and working conditions; of the role of courts as monitors of the constitutionality of state regulation of the economy; and of the place of economic and moral theories in judicial thinking."

Kens, however, reminds us that these hotly contested ideas and principles emerged from a very real human drama involving workers, owners, legislators, lawyers, and judges. Within the crucible of an industrializing America, their story reflected the fierce competition between two powerful ideologies.