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Books > Arts & Architecture > Performing arts > Films, cinema
A filmmaker whose work exhibits a wide range of styles and
approaches, Louis Malle (1932-1995) was the only French director of
his generation to enjoy a significant career in both France and the
United States. Although Malle began his career alongside members of
the French New Wave like Francois Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, and
Claude Chabrol, he never associated himself with that group. Malle
is perhaps best known for his willingness to take on such difficult
or controversial topics as suicide, incest, child prostitution, and
collaboration with the Nazis during World War II. His filmography
includes narrative films like Zazie dans le Metro, Murmur of the
Heart, Atlantic City, My Dinner with Andre, and Au revoir les
enfants, as well as several major documentaries. In the late 1970s,
Malle moved to the United States, where he worked primarily outside
of the Hollywood studio system. The films of his American period
display his keen outsider's eye, which allowed him to observe
diverse aspects of American life in settings that ranged from
turn-of-the-century New Orleans to present-day Atlantic City and
the Texas Gulf Coast. Louis Malle: Interviews covers the entirety
of Malle's career and features seventeen interviews, the majority
of which are translated into English here for the first time. As
the collection demonstrates, Malle was an extremely intelligent and
articulate filmmaker who thought deeply about his own choices as a
director, the ideological implications of those choices, and the
often-controversial themes treated in his films. The interviews
address such topics as Malle's approach to casting and directing
actors, his attitude toward provocative subject matter and
censorship, his understanding of the relationship between
documentary and fiction film, and the differences between the film
industries in France and the US. Malle also discusses his
sometimes-challenging work with such actors as Brigitte Bardot,
Pierre Blaise, and Brooke Shields, and sheds new light on the
making of his films.
Like many national cinemas, the French cinema has a rich tradition
of film musicals beginning with the advent of sound to the present.
This is the first book to chart the development of the French film
musical. The French film musical is remarkable for its breadth and
variety since the 1930s; although it flirts with the Hollywood
musical in the 1930s and again in the 1950s, it has very
distinctive forms rooted in the traditions of French chanson.
Defining it broadly as films attracting audiences principally
because of musical performances, often by well-known singers, Phil
Powrie and Marie Cadalanu show how the genre absorbs two very
different traditions with the advent of sound: European operetta
and French chanson inflected by American jazz (1930-1950). As the
genre matures, operetta develops into big-budget spectaculars with
popular tenors, and revue films also showcase major singers in this
period (1940-1960). Both sub-genres collapse with the advent of
rock n roll, leading to a period of experimentation during the New
Wave (1960-1990). The contemporary period since 1995 renews the
genre, returning nostalgically both to the genre's origins in the
1930s, and to the musicals of Jacques Demy, but also hybridising
with other genres, such as the biopic and the documentary.
This book argues for a durational cinema that is distinct from slow
cinema, and outlines the history of its three main waves: the New
York avant-garde of the 1960s, the European art cinema in the years
after 1968, and the international cinema of gallery spaces as well
as film festivals since the 1990s. Figures studied include Andy
Warhol, Ken Jacobs, Chantal Akerman, Marguerite Duras, Claude
Lanzmann, James Benning, Kevin Jerome Everson, Lav Diaz, and Wang
Bing.Durational cinema is predominantly minimal, but has from the
beginning also included a more encompassing or encyclopedic kind of
filmmaking. Durational cinema is characteristically
representational, and converges on certain topics (the Holocaust,
deindustrialization, the experience of the working class and other
marginalized people), but has no one meaning, signifying
differently at different moments and in different hands. Warhol's
durational cinema of subtraction is quite different from Jacobs's
durational cinema of social disgust, while Lav Diaz' durational
sublime is quite different from Kevin Jerome Everson's unblinking
studies of African-American working people.
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