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Books > History > Asian / Middle Eastern history > From 1900
During the United States' involvement in the war in Vietnam, the
decision by the US Marine Corps to emphasise counterinsurgency
operations in coastal areas was the cause of considerable friction
between the Marines and the army commanders in Vietnam, who wanted
the corps to conduct more conventional operations. This book will
examine the background to the Marines' decision and place it in the
context of Marine Corps doctrine, infrastructure and logistical
capability. For the first time, this book brings together the
Marine Corps' background in counterinsurgency and the state of
contemporary counterinsurgency theory in the 1960s - combining this
with the strategic outlook, role, organisation and logistic
capability of the Marine Corps to provide a complete view of its
counterinsurgency operations. This book will argue that the US
Marine Corps successfully used counterinsurgency as a means to
achieve their primary aim in Vietnam - the defence of three major
bases in the coastal area in the north of the Republic of Vietnam -
and that the corps' decision to emphasise a counterinsurgency
approach was driven as much by its background and infrastructure as
it was by the view that Vietnam was a 'war for the people'. This
book is also an important contribution to the current debate on
counterinsurgency, which is now seen by many in the military
doctrine arena as a flawed or invalid concept following the
perceived failures in Iraq and Afghanistan - largely because it has
been conflated with nation-building or democratisation. Recent
works on British counterinsurgency have also punctured the myth of
counterinsurgency as being a milder form of warfare - with the main
effort being the wellbeing of the population - whereas in fact
there is still a great deal of violence involved. This book will
bring the debate 'back to basics' by providing an historical
example of counterinsurgency in its true form: a means of dealing
with terrorist or guerrilla warfare at an operational level to
achieve a specific aim in a specific area within a specific period
of time.
The 'missile with a man in it' was known for its blistering speed
and deadliness in air combat. The F-104C flew more than 14,000
combat hours in Vietnam as a bomber escort, a Wild Weasel escort
and a close air support aircraft. Though many were sceptical of its
ability to carry weapons, the Starfighter gave a fine account of
itself in the close air support role. It was also well known that
the enemy were especially reluctant to risk their valuable and
scarce MiGs when the F-104 was escorting bombers over North Vietnam
or flying combat air patrols nearby. The missions were not without
risk, and 14 Starfighters were lost during the war over a two-year
period. This was not insignificant considering that the USAF only
had one wing of these valuable aircraft at the time, and wartime
attrition and training accidents also took quite a bite from the
inventory.
While the F-105 Thunderchief and F-4 Phantom got most of the glory
and publicity during the war in Vietnam, the Lockheed F-104
Starfighter was not given much chance of surviving in a 'shooting
war'. In the event, it did that and much more. Although built in
small numbers for the USAF, the F-104C fought and survived for
almost three years in Vietnam. Like its predecessor the F-100, the
Starfighter was a mainstay of Tactical Air Command and Air Defence
Command, with whom it served with distinction as an air superiority
fighter and point defence interceptor. This small, tough and very
fast fighter, dubbed 'The Missile with a Man in It', was called
upon to do things it was not specifically designed for, and did
them admirably. Among these were close air support and armed
reconnaissance using bombs, rockets and other armaments hung from
its tiny wings, as well as its 20 mm Vulcan cannon, firing 6000
rounds per minute. The jet participated in some of the most famous
battles of the war, including the legendary Operation "Bolo," in
which seven North Vietnamese MiGs went down in flames with no US
losses. Even as it was fighting in Vietnam, the Starfighter was
being adopted by no fewer than six NATO air forces as well as Japan
and Nationalist China. It was later procured by Jordan, Turkey and
Pakistan. The latter nation took the Starfighter to war with India
twice in the 1960s, and it also saw combat with Taiwan.
The story of the Starfighter in Vietnam is one of tragedy and of
ultimate vindication. For decades the F-104's contribution to the
air war in Vietnam was downplayed and its role as a ground attack
machine minimised. Only in recent years has that assessment been
re-evaluated, and the facts prove the Starfighter to have been able
to do its job as well or better than some of the other tactical
aircraft sent to the theatre for just that purpose.
In the 1970s, the United States faced challenges on a number of
fronts. By nearly every measure, American power was no longer
unrivalled. The task of managing America's relative decline fell to
President Richard Nixon, Henry Kissinger, and Gerald Ford. From
1969 to 1977, Nixon, Kissinger, and Ford reoriented U.S. foreign
policy from its traditional poles of liberal interventionism and
conservative isolationism into a policy of active but conservative
engagement. In Nixon in the World, seventeen leading historians of
the Cold War and U.S. foreign policy show how they did it, where
they succeeded, and where they took their new strategy too far.
Drawing on newly declassified materials, they provide authoritative
and compelling analyses of issues such as Vietnam, d tente, arms
control, and the U.S.-China rapprochement, creating the first
comprehensive volume on American foreign policy in this pivotal
era.
In 1948 the USAF, Marine Corps and US Navy were concentrating on
converting over to an all-jet force. When the Korean War started in
June 1950, the USAF had built up a sizable jet force in the Far
East, while the US Navy was in the early stages of getting F9F
Panthers operational as replacements for its piston-engined F8F
Bearcats. At about this time, the Marine Corps had also begun using
the Panthers in limited numbers. Operating from aircraft carriers
off the Korean coast, F9Fs helped stop the North Korean invasion
within two weeks of the communists crossing the 38th Parallel. The
Panthers, escorting carrier-based AD Skyraiders and F4U Corsairs,
penetrated as far north as Pyongyang, where they bombed and strafed
targets that the North Koreans thought were out of range. The
Panthers also took the battle all the way to the Yalu River, long
before the MiG-15s became a threat. The F9F's basic tasking was
aerial supremacy and combat air patrols, but they also excelled in
bombing and strafing attacks.
The inside story of today's Dambusters, 617 Squadron RAF, at war in
Afghanistan. In May 1943, 617 Squadron RAF executed one of the most
daring operations in military history as bombers mounted a raid
against hydro-electric dams in Germany. 617 Squadron became a
Second World War legend. Nearly 70 years later, in April 2011, a
new generation of elite flyers, now flying supersonic Tornado GR4
bombers, was deployed to Afghanistan - their mission: to provide
close air support to troops on the ground. Tim Bouquet was given
unprecedented access to 617's pre-deployment training and
blistering tour in Afghanistan. From dramatic air strikes to the
life-and-death search for IEDs and low-flying shows of force
designed to drive insurgents from civilian cover, he tracked every
mission - and the skill, resilience, banter and exceptional
airmanship that saw 617 through.
DISCOVER THE EXHILARATING TRUE STORY BEHIND THE ACTION-PACKED
CLASSIC FILM 'GOOSE AND MAVERICK MOVE OVER . . .' Admiral James
Stavridis ________ March 1969. American jets are getting shot down
at an unprecedented rate over Vietnam. In an urgent effort to
regain the advantage the Admirals turn to a young naval aviator
called Dan Pedersen. Officially, the programme he set up was called
the US Navy Fighter Weapons School. To everyone else it was known
simply as TOPGUN. Pedersen's hand-picked team of instructors - the
Original Eight - were the best of the best. Together, they
revolutionised aerial warfare and rediscovered the lost art of
fighter combat. This is the extraordinary, thrilling story of how
TOPGUN saw America reclaim the skies, by the man who created it.
________ 'It's hard to read Dan Pederson's Topgun and not think of
Tom Cruise. A pleasure to read' Wall Street Journal 'Direct, vivid
and unvarnished. A high-flying, supersonic tale' Hampton Sides,
author of Ghost Soldiers 'Topgun earned Dan Pedersen the title of
American Hero' Washington Times 'A riveting seat-of-the-pants
flight into the lethal world of the fighter pilot' Dan Hampton,
author of Viper Pilot
The Korean War of 1950-1953 ended in a frustrating stalemate, the
echoes of which reverberate to this day. It was the only conflict
of the Cold War in which forces of major nations of the two
opposing systems - capitalism and communism - confronted each other
on the battlefield. And yet, in the sixty years since it was fought
it has been strangely neglected, perhaps because no one was able to
claim the victor's spoils. The War That Never Ended details the
origins, battles, politics and personalities of the Korean War - a
war that has never ended, and for which no peace treaty was ever
signed.
The Taliban are synonymous with the war in Afghanistan. Doughty,
uncompromising fighters, they plant IEDs, deploy suicide bombers
and wage guerrilla warfare. While much has been written about their
military tactics, media strategy and harsh treatment of women, the
cultural and sometimes less overtly political representation of
their identity, the Taliban's other face, is often overlooked. Most
Taliban fighters are Pashtuns, a people who cherish their vibrant
poetic tradition, closely associated with that of song. The poems
in this collection are meant to be recited and sung; and this is
the manner in which they are enjoyed by the wider Pashtun public
today. From audiotapes traded in secret in the bazaars of Kandahar,
to mp3s exchanged via bluetooth in Kabul, to video files downloaded
in Dubai and London, Taliban poetry has an appeal that transcends
the insurgency. For the Taliban today, these poems, or ghazals,
have a resonance back to the 1980s war against the Soviets, when
similar rhetorical styles, poetic formulae and tricks with metre
inspired mujahideen combatants and non-combatants alike. The poetry
presented here includes 'classics' of the genre from the 1980s and
1990s as well as a selection from the odes and ghazals of today's
conflict . Veering from nationalist paeans to dirges replete with
religious symbolism, the poems are organised under four headings -
- War, Pastoral, Religious and Love - - and cover many themes and
styles. The political is intertwined with the aesthetic, the
celebratory cry is never far from the funeral dirge and praise of
martyrs lost. Two prefatory essays introduce the cultural and
historical context of the poetry. The editors discuss its
importance to the Pashtuns and highlight how poetic themes
correspond to the past thirty years of war in Afghanistan. Faisal
Devji comments on what the poetry reveals of the Taliban's
emotional and ethical hinterland.
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