Despite hundreds of millions of visitors each year, zoos have remained outside of the realm of philosophical analysis. This lack of theoretical examination is interesting considering the paradoxical position within which a zoo is situated, being a space of animal confinement as well as a site that provides valuable tools for species conservation, public education, and entertainment. Why Do We Go to the Zoo? argues that the zoo is a legitimate space of academic inquiry. The modes of communication taking place at the zoo that keep drawing us back time and time again beg for a careful investigation. In this book, the meaning of the zoo as communicative space is explored. This book relies on the phenomenological method from Edmund Husserl and a rhetorical approach to examine the interaction between people and animals in the zoo space. Phenomenology, the philosophy of examining the engaged everyday lived experience, is a natural method to use in the project. Despite its rich history and tradition it is interesting that there are very few books explaining "how to do" phenomenology. Why Do We Go to the Zoo? provides a detailed account of how to actually conduct a phenomenological analysis. The author spent thousands of hours in zoos watching people and animals interact as well as talking with people both formally and informally. This book asks readers to bracket their preconceptions of what goes on in the zoo and, instead, to explore the meaning of powerful zoo experiences while reminding us of the troubled history of zoos.

Understanding and responding to corruption is a worldwide challenge. This book offers a general overview of the nature, pattern, and differing perspectives on political and economic corruption. Providing detail and depth, the book examines and compares corruption in four countries: the United States, Israel, Russia, and India. Each country chapter explores how corruption is defined and understood in that country and provides case material illustrating corrupt practice and responses to it. The country chapters also cover whistleblowing activities, their prevalence, importance, and impact. A comparative analysis presents the most prominent factors contributing to a reduced level of corruption and the factors that lead to whistleblower success.

Current environmental problems and technological risks are a challenge for a new institutional arrangement of the value spheres of Science, Politics and Morality. Distinguished authors from different European countries and America provide a cross-disciplinary perspective on the problems of political decision making under the conditions of scientific uncertainty. cases from biotechnology and the environmental sciences are discussed. The papers collected for this volume address the following themes: (i) controversies about risks and political decision making; (ii) concepts of science for policy; (iii) the use of social science in the policy making process; (iv) ethical problems with developments in science and technology; (v) public and state interests in the development and control of technology.

This intriguing book's focus on post-material consciousness, a concept that has not been developed in American literature, offers a fresh perspective on the human condition and its social development as a vehicle of global welfare. Brij Mohan contends that post-modern societies, despite their affluence and the superpower thaw, remain in a state of flux, and that the traditional approaches on the Left and Right have failed to present a viable program for peace, development, and prosperity. Mohan's formulation is premised on three assumptions: existing ideologies, theories, and practices of national and international development are fraught with contradictions and anomalies; the world climate and its challenges call for a new thinking beyond bureaucratized disciplines; and post-material consciousness lends support to a bio-global strategy that is conceptually compatible with humankind's ultimate agenda for coexistence based on justice, equality, and peace.

Part One deals with theoretical considerations in light of contemporary social events, and Part Two offers comparative analyses of three different societies--the United States, Germany, and India--with a particular emphasis on social development issues. Concepts such as end of history, end of ideology, and even third world are called into question. Global Development, premised on the notion of humanity's one-ness, unravels the paradoxes of diversity and offers a rational, humane basis for a dignified existence of the human race beyond the ossified structures of conceptual boundaries and organizational morass.

This book presents the first comprehensive and unbiased assessment of the social and economic factors that drive decisions about waste-to-energy (WTE) projects in the United States. Information about each WTE project initiated between 1982 to 1990 is combined with detailed socioeconomic data at the county level to identify the social and economic differences between counties that have completed WTE facilities and counties that have abandoned their projects during the planning process. To examine the effects of political objectives, public attitudes, and the decision process itself, the book reports on four in-depth case studies--two directed at communities that have accepted WTE and two that have canceled WTE projects. The book also discusses the potential health and environmental risks posed by WTE and alternative waste practices, legislative initiatives and regulatory uncertainties, and the potential for energy production from burning our municipal waste.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration, commonly called waste-to-energy (WTE), was adopted by many U.S. communities during the 1980s and now is used to manage about 16% of all U.S. MSW. Many experts forecasted that WTE would be used to manage as much as half of all garbage by the turn of the century. Those forecasts and the long-run viability of WTE are now challenged by massive cancellations of WTE projects across the United States. Between 1986 and 1990, 207 WTE projects were abandoned, compared to only 140 operational facilities in 1990.

Why have these cancellations occurred, and what do they tell us about the long-run viability of WTE? This book addresses these questions and presents the first comprehensive and unbiased assessment of the social and economic factors that drive decisions about WTE in the United States. The book adopts a three-pronged approach to investigate (1) the relationships between a community's decision about WTE and the social and economic characteristics of that community, (2) the impacts of recent changes in financial markets on the viability of WTE, and (3) the decision-making process by which communities decide about WTE. The first two objectives are met by the collection and analysis of data on all U.S. WTE projects from 1982 to 1990. The latter objective is met by way of four in-depth case studies--two directed at communities that have accepted WTE and two that have canceled WTE projects. The book also discusses the potential health and environmental risks posed by WTE and alternative waste practices, legislative initiatives and regulatory uncertainties, and the potential for energy production from burning our municipal waste.

This is the sixth and latest addition to the European Union Studies Association's prestigious series, State of the European Union. The contributors of this volume take the dynamic interaction between law, politics and society as a starting point to think critically about key recent events in the European Union, while bringing to the forefront why these developments matter for ordinary citizens.

This monograph presents the proceedings of the 2002 Spring Symposium sponsored by the Lake Champlain Research Consortium, hosted by the Missisquoi Bay Watershed Corporation. The book examines this common body of water shared by Canada and the US, and summarizes knowledge of the dynamics of this system with a primary focus on land use, water management, and bridging the gap between researchers and the public.

Terry Hoy seeks to establish the enduring relevance of John Dewey's political philosophy. As Professor Hoy illustrates, Dewey focused on the distortions in American political thought resulting from the Lockean-Utilitarian tradition of classical liberalism; the growing standardization and quantification of American life; the erosion of traditional face-to-face communal public life; the manipulation of public opinion by mass media propaganda; and the ascendancy of capitalist economic priorities. Dewey was convinced that a corrective to such distortions would require a "renascent liberalism" requiring a radical change in the structure of American capitalism in order to achieve a reconciliation of freedom and equality. As Professor Hoy points out, while Dewey can be faulted for an overoptimism regarding political possibilities within the American political tradition, the distinctive merit of his contribution is his pragmatic approach to social reform that encompasses an imaginative vision, rooted in the actual potentialities of human nature, that can be a stimulus to the possibility of creative innovation. This is an important study for scholars and students of American political thought.

This annual publication deals with how microcomputers and other computers can be applied to improving the explanatory and evaluative roles of modern social science. Each volume contains chapters by experts in political science, psychology, sociology, economics and computer science.

"I think this is an outstanding book. The coverage is comprehensive, the lines of thought and exposition are clear, and the level of discussion is very high yet remarkably lively and accessible. It has an underlying intellectual seriousness and engagement which shines out through the individual chapters, and the author's unwillingness to make do with secondary analyses and received ideas gives it a strength and freshness of approach which is extremely welcome."
--"Professor William Outhwaite, University of Sussex"

Social Theory in the Twentieth Century offers an easy-to-read but provocative account of the development of social theory. Patrick Baert covers a wide range of key figures and schools of thought, including Giddens, Foucault and Habermas. Written in a lively style and avoiding jargon, this book is aimed at students who wish to understand the main debates and dilemmas driving social theory.

Rather than providing a neutral summary of the different thinkers and theories, Baert challenges the conventional readings of social theory with new and original interpretations. In effect, he bridges the gap between philosophy and social theory by placing the theoretical views within wider historical traditions.

Social Theory in the Twentieth Century will undoubtedly become the standard introduction to social theory for students in sociology, politics, and anthropology.

This book is an outstanding account of the current state of using writing in service of learning. It presents psychological and educational foundations of writing across the curriculum movement and describes writing-to-learn practices implemented at different levels of education. It provides concrete applications and ideas about how to enhance student learning by means of writing. It is useful for educators, curriculum developers, psychologists, cognitive scientists, writing researchers, and teachers.

How to wage spiritual warfare in the last days. An important spiritual law was revealed by Jesus in Luke 21:22 and Matthew 12:29" "How can one enter into a strongman's house, and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strongman? And then he will spoil his house."Now, instead of "binding" symptoms, we can attack the sixteen strongmen or demonic spirits mentioned by name in the Bible! If God names them, they are real, and He has given us dominion over them through the Name of Jesus! In easy to understand language this bookTeaches how to zero in on and quickly identify the strongman in every situationIllustrates each strongman by a tree showing the fruits or symptoms for quick identificationInstructs how to bind the enemy and loose the power of God according to Matthew 18:18Provides instant recognition when and where Satan is attacking our lives and the lives of those around usShows that God wants us to be free from Satan's hassles so that we can reach this world for Christ. A scriptural, balanced, uplifting approach to present-day spiritual warfare.

This collection examines ways in which modern literature responds to the body-at-war, examining the effects of violent conflict on the body in its literal and representative forms. Spanning literature from World War I to the present day, it includes essays on pacifist theatre, torture, fascist fantasies, and uniforms and masculinity.

This book is a study of John Locke's metaphysics of organisms and persons, with particular emphasis on his theory of identity through time and his conventionalism with respect to kinds and essences. After presenting three arguments for thinking that the organisms and persons in Locke's ontology have both spatial and temporal extent, the author argues that on a four-dimensional ontology there is no contradiction between Locke's theory of identity and his rejection of essentialism.

How we can meet the challenges of our age by moving away from the political and economic philosophies of both the left and right to a more equitable re-organization of society, economy, land and food production, driven by the local community rather than a central government.

Today, society and government are still asking what our country can yield, and in what quantity. They do so because in a sense we are still living in conquest-based societies. Agrarian thinker Chris Smaje opens this book by drawing an arresting modern parallel to Viking raiding, trading and enslaving societies and the Ragnarok they faced then of dramatic climate change and societal collapse.

So, to meet these modern crises, Chris asks us to look beyond the current discourse of capitalism versus chaos, and indeed the dualism of ‘state versus market’ and the ‘state with the market’, both of which has failed us.

Instead, Chris explores a world where we live slower lives more immersed in local ecologies. Where our present Viking age has inflicted a thorough alienation from place and local livelihood, Chris proposes other models of collective organization, where land and capital are seen as a common good that involves a widespread and secure redistribution. These ideas are the basic principles associated with distributism – broadly, that issues should be dealt with at the most immediate or local level feasible and governance, wherever possible, should be bottom-up. There should also be a moral economy founded in ideals of justice.

Work and production should rest on commitments struck in a community rather than deals in a market. There should be a concept of shared common good, of what life is for. Ultimately, we should build a sense of future possibility around local ecological societies dedicated to human and ecological wellbeing.

Much of the global damage to the environment has arisen not because people were there in the landscape, but because they weren’t. It’s time to hospice modernity and build a green Earth rising. In this book, Chris discusses what this society and landscape might look like in the near future and longer term.

The growth of developmental and intercultural communication in recent years has prompted scholars to focus their attention on communication systems in non-Western nations, especially those in the Third World. This volume advocates and demonstrates the need to consider continuity and change as the fundamental principle in the development of communication systems. It constitutes the first attempt to critically review the use of indigenous communication systems, as continuing from the past, for plannned change.

Based on in-depth interviews designed to determine what trust is, how it is built, and how it is destroyed, this important new resource provides extensive insight into the fundamental process of interpersonal trust in the day-to-day lives of average people. It furnishes qualitative data analysis and offers a detailed definition of trust in a sociological context. This unique text is a valuable reference for sociologists, social and clinical psychologists, and students in these disciplines.

The transition to democracy in South Africa was one of the defining events in twentieth-century political history. The South African women's movement is one of the most celebrated on the African continent. Shireen Hassim examines interactions between the two as she explores the gendered nature of liberation and regime change. Her work reveals how women's political organizations both shaped and were shaped by the broader democratic movement. Alternately asserting their political independence and giving precedence to the democratic movement as a whole, women activists proved flexible and remarkably successful in influencing policy. At the same time, their feminism was profoundly shaped by the context of democratic and nationalist ideologies. In reading the last twenty-five years of South African history through a feminist framework, Hassim offers fresh insights into the interactions between civil society, political parties, and the state. Hassim boldly confronts sensitive issues such as the tensions between autonomy and political dependency in feminists' engagement with the African National Congress (ANC) and other democratic movements, and black-white relations within women's organizations. She offers a historically informed discussion of the challenges facing feminist activists during a time of nationalist struggle and democratization.

Agent-based modeling/simulation is an emergent approach to the analysis of social and economic systems. It provides a bottom-up experimental method to be applied to social sciences such as economics, management, sociology and politics as well as some engineering fields dealing with social activities. This book includes selected papers presented at the Eighth International Workshop on Agent-Based Approaches in Economic and Social Complex Systems held in Tokyo, Japan, in 2013. At the workshop, 23 reviewed full papers were presented and of those, 13 were selected to be included in this volume.

America's current transformation from an industrial to a new information-based culture presents new challenges as well as new perspectives on old debates. This work offers a comprehensive survey of America's changing values. It examines notions of American exceptionalism and how the "melting pot" is coping with race relations and changing demographics; and assesses the agenda of government, the domestic and global constraints, and how social exclusion can be tackled. Current changes in the US are likely to be a harbinger for other societies, and the authors examine new models of civic society, of learning and of reconfiguring social values for a fast-changing world.

In the UK in 2002, the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver set out to transform a group of unemployed young Londoners into enterprising, passionate workers. Their struggles, and those that train and manage them, to develop a passionate orientation to work, highlight many of the challenges we all face in the globalized labour markets of the 21st century.

This 21st volume in the series discusses a variety of topics in the field of symbolic interaction. It is divided into three parts, which address: remembering Anselm Strauss; the pragmatic heritage; and, reading self, media and culture.

Over the past decade social movement scholarship has reflected the robust nature of many of the movements themselves. Innovative lines of inquiry and new theoretical frameworks have opened up to reinvigorate the field. This volume reflects this welcome trend.

The volume opens with two papers analyzing tactical and strategic innovations in movement organizing. One establishes that the woman's suffrage movement relied on both outsider (contentious) politics and insider (institutionalized) politics, while the other addresses the promises and pitfalls of transitional social movements that organize through the Internet.

Another area of recently invigorated research is on the repression of social movements, and this volume includes two such papers. Mobilization concerns associated with political protest in high-risk settings are empirically addressed in one paper, while the other contributes to the policing of protest literature by critically analyzing the costs to movements of arrests.

Using newspaper coverage of social movements for events data has risen lately thanks in part to the Internet and new software. We include two papers that reflect this trend and which address emerging methodological concerns associated with it.

Perhaps the most fertile area of social movement research examines the increasingly complex and busy intersection of collective identity issues with social movement membership and mobilization. Thus we close this volume with three papers representing this new theorizing.

Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change continues it distinquished tradition of reflecting recent trends in social movement scholarship while alsocontributing to new theorizing.

When French sociologist Loïc Wacquant signed up at a boxing gym in a black neighborhood of Chicago's South Side, he had never contemplated getting close to a ring, let alone climbing into it. Yet for three years he immersed himself among local fighters, amateur and professional. He learned the Sweet science of bruising, participating in all phases of the pugilist's strenuous preparation, from shadow-boxing drills to sparring to fighting in the Golden Gloves tournament. In this experimental ethnography of incandescent intensity, the scholar-turned-boxer supplies a model for a "carnal sociology" capable of capturing "the taste and ache of action."

Body & Soul marries the analytic rigor of the sociologist with the stylistic grace of the novelist to offer a compelling portrait of a bodily craft and of life and labor in the black American ghetto, but also a fascinating tale of personal transformation and social transcendence.

In this book Mazlish examines the historical origins of sociology, looking closely at how what he terms the "cash nexus"--the omnipresent substitution of money for personal relations--was perceived as changing the nature of human relations in the 19th century and led to the development of sociology as a means of dealing with this condition. Mazlish also considers the breakdown of connections in modern society: how the orderly 18th century world in which God, humanity, and nature were closely connected to one another came to be replaced with one of felt disconnection, and how individualism then came to be seen as replacing a sense of community in modern society. He investigates the work of a number of 19th-century English writers who were concerned with this breakdown of connections, including Adam Smith, William Wordsworth, Edmund Burke, Thomas Carlyle, and particularly novelists such as Benjamin Disraeli, Elizabeth Gaskell, and George Eliot. He also explores the influence of Darwin, presents Engels and Marx as precursors of the science of sociology and discusses at length the major founding figures of modern classical sociology: Ferdinand Tonnies, George Simmel, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber."