This series reprints classic works illustrating the cultural and intellectual life of Scotland during one of its most creative and dynamic periods: the second half of the eighteenth century. It was the age of the mature Scottish Enlightenment, when Scotland, to the surprise of most Europeans, became one of the leading cultural and intellectual centres of the western world. Although the writings of some eighteenth-century Scottish thinkers, such as David Hume and Adam Smith, are widely available, many others are scarce. This series will regularly publish groups of thematically connected titles, most of which have not been reprinted for a century or more, many with specially commissioned new introductions.

This collection of papers was written for a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held at Harvard University in March 1990. The title, "The Changing University and the Education of Scientists and Engineers: An International Workshop," broad as it is, does not convey the sweep of data, infonnation, opinions, and suggestions for future research and policy choices that were crowded into two-and-a-half days of fonnal presentations, mealtime discussions, and teatime chats. The proposal for the workshop grew out of a research project I had carried out that explored the policies governing the education of foreign science and engineering students (S&Es) in several industrialized countries, and of two countries that send large numbers of S&E students abroad - the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Japan (see chapter 7). In research visits to these countries as well as to France, the United Kingdom, West Gennany, and within the United States, I was struck by the similarity of issues that were raised. One was the concern that there would not be enough well-trained scientists and engineers to meet the constantly increasing demand for them. Government officials, industrialists, and educators repeatedly stressed that a well-educated and -motivated work force was essential for their economies, national security, and for society as a whole. Many of those interviewed mentioned that universities are undergoing rapid, systemic changes as governments and industry are calling on them to provide human resources and intellectual capital.

This book offers a clear and concise account of the key debates in the globalization literature, serving as an accessible introduction to students new to the topic. It deals even-handedly with all the various dimensions of globalization--political, economic, social and cultural--and particularly draws attention to the role of people in processes of globalization. The book's historical dimension and its multicultural focus ensure that globalization is shown neither to be an inexorable process nor one that can be equated simply with Westernization.

Imprisoned in English argues that in the present English-dominated world, social sciences and the humanities are locked in a conceptual framework grounded in English and that most scholars in these fields are not aware of the need to break away from this framework to reach a more universal, culture-independent perspective on things human. Indeed they are typically not aware that any problem exists, and resistant to its being pointed out. The book engages with current debates across a range of disciplines, including philosophy, anthropology, sociology, evolutionary science, psychology, and cognitive science, as well as linguistics. The topics include values, emotions, social cognition, intercultural communication, endangered languages, human universals vs. human diversity, the evolution of consciousness, etc. It is a book dedicated to one central idea: the blind spot in contemporary social sciences and the prevailing global discourse on values, the human condition, human relations, and so on, which results from the "invisibility " of English as an increasingly globalized way of thinking and talking.

In this volume, eight essays by well known sociologists explore the personal experiences, of social scientists, their unique ways of doing sociology, and the relationship between sociological theory and its application. In each chapter, the contributors integrate their sociological expertise with their personal lives and prove that sociological understanding and personal experience can and do mesh. Personal Sociology is a novel presentation that truly humanizes the practice and field of sociology.

Whereas most of the leadership literature has focused on direct, interpersonal leadership, few researchers have examined indirect leadership or the leadership of organizations. Of course, direct, personal leadership plays an important role at all levels of the organization. However, we focus here on how leaders use strategy, structures, and systems to create the conditions that stimulate others to meaningfully contribute to the overarching goals of the organization. We therefore explore the role of the strategic leader as an architect. In this role as strategic architect, we examine how top-level leaders create organizations wherein leadership is developed, knowledge is created and disseminated, meaning is shaped and shared, and where the vision cascades to all corners of the organization. We also explore the darker side of leader discretion to show the deleterious consequences of leader power. Finally, we examine the complex nature of organizations and the roles of leaders in adapting the organization to the environment in which it operates.
The six major sections in this book coincide with these aspects of the leaders architectural focus. The first chapter in each section provides a short theoretical introduction. Following the theory chapters are application chapters, highlighting the practical implications of the theory with real-life examples. The sixth section explores the relationship between complexity theory and strategic leadership.
*Examines indirect leadership - the leadership OF organizations
*Explores how leaders exercise leadership indirectly through structures, processes and systems that stimulate others to contribute to organizational goals
*Contains sixmajor sections: leadership development, knowledge management, influencing and shaping meaning, leader discretion, vision cascading, and complexity theory and the networked organization

This study examines the question of which type of desegregation plan most effectively reduces segregation in American public schools. It departs from previous research in that the author does not categorize desegregation plans simply as mandatory or voluntary; rather, he creates a choice-coercion continuum to account for more of the variation between diverse desegregation orders that have been implemented in urban America. The issue of measuring segregation is also addressed in a new way by Fife, who concludes that mandated desegregation techniques reduce the level of segregation to a greater degree than less coercive plans.

This work is interdisciplinary and will be useful to scholars in political science, public policy, public administration, sociology, and education. It will also be of interest to education policymakers and administrators as it illustrates how applied public policy analysis can address issues and enhance decision-making processes.

What light can sociology shed on art and culture in contemporary society? What is distinctive about the sociological understanding of art? In what ways is the sociology of art today developing new insights into the nature of artistic life? This volume contains essays by a wide range of authors, each of whom is concerned with showing the multiple ways in which artistic processes are profoundly shaped by their social settings. Encompassing a wide range of artistic fields, including painting, film, ballet and architecture, the book demonstrates how sociological appreciations of art and artists provide rich and stimulating alternative perspectives to conventional art criticism.

There has been an enormous rise in the central state's collection of information on individuals since the sixteenth century. Historians have mined this rich seam for their own ends, but--until now--analysis of the significance of this information gathering has been mainly left to sociologists. Raising questions with immense contemporary relevance, Edward Higgs examines how and why the central state has become ever more involved in the collection and manipulation of personal information for both benign and repressive ends.

Robert Schmuhl's Statecraft and Stagecraft establishes him in a new generation of scholarly journalists and journalistic scholars who are bent on rethinking the paradoxes of politics in an era of high technology. The book focuses on the ways in which the American public mind is being shaped by the communication breakthroughs of our time.

The emergence of learning policy is traced through a concise history of postwar UK education and training. The 1944 settlement is seen to be replaced by a new settlement marked by the 1988 Education and the 1992 Further and Higher Education Acts. This also signals a change from the classic, postwar welfare state to a postwelfare, workfare or "contracting state". This new state form is illustrated by examining the new system of "Foundation" and "Lifelong Learning" from primary to postgraduate schools.

These essays deal with various aspects of a new, rising field, socio economics. The field is seeking to combine the variables studied by neoclassical economists with those typically studied by other social sciences. The combination is expected to provide a better understanding of economic behavior and the economy as well as society; make more reliable predictions; and be more in line with normative values we seek to uphold. The new field, though, may be less elegant mathematically and possibly less parsimonious than neoclassical economics. Some of my ideas on this subject are included in a previously published book, The Moral Dimension: TowardA New Economics (New York: The Free Press, 1988). They also led to a formation of an international society of several thousand scholars who are interested in the field, the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics. The essays at hand are in effect grouped. The first two, previously published respectively in the Journal of Economic Psychology and Business Ethics Quarterly, reflect my most recent thinking. They both have a utopian streak that may stand out especially in these days when unfeathered capitalism is the rage. The first points to people, who far from making consuming ever more their life's project, seek a less affiuent way oflife. It examines the psychological foundations and the social consequences of such an approach."

This volume introduces the concepts of income and optimal choice to the realms of brain activity and behavior regulation. It begins by developing the concept of the Income-Choice approach in the field of biological control systems, then deals with the problems of control of brain activity, and finally presents a model of behavior disturbance based on the idea that its cause is a definite and simple change in the income system of the organism. Other areas to which the proposed Income-Choice approach could be applied are also addressed including the origin of the epileptic aura and why it is a predictor of the imminent attack, the mechanism of the phenomena of "personality switching" in schizophrenics, and the possible connection between schizophrenic- like symptoms and epileptic status. Written nearly 20 years ago in Russia and now published in the West, this book will be of value to many professionals in related fields. This volume introduces the concepts of income and optimal choice to the realm of brain activity and behavior regulation. It begins by developing the concept of the Income-Choice approach in the field of biological control systems, then deals with the problems of control of brain activity, and finally presents a model of behavior disturbance based on the idea that its cause is a definite and simple change in the income system of the organism. Other areas to which the proposed Income-Choice approach could be applied are also addressed, including the origin of the epileptic aura and why it is a predictor of the would-be attack, the mechanism of the phenomena of "personality switching" in schizophrenics, and the possible connection between schizophrenic- like symptoms and epileptic status. Originally written nearly 20 years ago in Russia and now published for the first time in the West, this book will be of value to many professionals in related fields.

First published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Over the past twenty years, one of the most bitter debates within the social sciences has centered on Arthur Jensen's contention that American blacks are, on average, less intelligent than whites and that this alleged difference is genetic in origin. Aby's selective, annotated bibliography offers scholars a concise guide to the storm of argument and counterargument over Jensen's suggestion and to the scientific, legal, educational, philosophic, and social issues it has raised. Aby has catalogued and described more than 400 books, book chapters, professional journal articles, newspaper and magazine articles, source documents, media materials, and reference sources relating to the controversy. He begins with an overview of the IQ debate, its history, and the principal participants. He then arranges bibliographic entries in chapters according to the type of source; each entry includes descriptive annotations of up to 300 words. A glossary explains technical terms that are used in the annotations and in the debate itself. This bibliography will be an important addition to collections in education, sociology, and psychology, as well as a resource for courses on educational testing and measurement, racism, sociology of education, and black education.

Drawing on original research from social scientists working on twelve countries, this book explores the key issues faced by nations and citizens as they struggle to rediscover, reaffirm or reconstruct their sense of national identities in the face of globalizing forces. Some nations and peoples experience the fragmentation of once certain identities as threatening and likely to generate political and social breakdown. Others encounter globalization as a challenge which brings uncertainties but also opportunities for adaptation, the evolution of hybrid identities or new forms of protest.

Medicine and tourism have become separated in contemporary popular consciousness. The former implies anything but a pleasurable experience and the latter presumes a healthy disposition for participation. We argue that this popular conception of the separation of tourism and medicine ignores an historical continuity of lineage from the 18th century pursuit of a 'cure' at resorts and spas, to 20th century notions of holidays as worker welfare through to global patient mobility in the quest for cutting-edge medical interventions in so-called 'untreatable' conditions. Disciplinary divisions within the academy have reinforced the separation between medicine and tourism in popular culture, but there is now an emergent challenge to re-think the medicine/tourism nexus. Under the influence of transnational health care consumption, two very contrasting traditions of Western thought are now confronting one another. This book provides a comprehensive landscape of diverse research communities' attempts to capture its implications for existing bodies of knowledge in selected aspects of medicine, medical ethics, health policy and management, and tourism studies.

Drawing widely on sociological, economic, and political theory cominbined with detailed attention to technical, business, and sociological evidence, this critical scholarly work offers a comprehensive analysis both of the significance of computing and communications technologies and the nature of contemporary society. This study argues that information technology, in association with the spread of corporate capitalism and the modern state, represents the extension and consolidation of control within the workplace and out into the wider society. The book includes detailed historical, empirical, and theoretical analysis which are crucial for an understaning of the new information technologies.

Successive amendments in the citizenship law in India have spawned distinct regimes of citizenship. The idea of citizenship regimes is crucial for making the argument that law must be seen not simply as bare provisions but also examined for the ideological practices that validate it and lay claims to its enforceability. While citizenship regime in India can be distinguished from one another on the basis on their distinct political and legal rationalities, cumulatively they present a movement from jus soli to jus sanguinis. The movement towards jus sanguinis has been a complex process of entrenchment of exclusionary nationhood under the veneer of liberal citizenship. This work argues that the contemporary landscape of citizenship in India is dominated by the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) 2019 and the National Register of Citizens (NRC). The CAA 2019 and the NRC emerged as distinct tendencies from the amendment in the citizenship law in 2003. These tendencies subsequently become conjoined in an ideological alignment to make citizenship dependent on lineage, spelling out ideas of belonging which are tied to descent and blood ties. The NRC has invoked the spectre of 'crisis' in citizenship generated by indiscriminate immigration and the risks presented by 'illegal migrants', to justify an extraordinary regime of citizenship. The CAA provides for the exemption of some migrants from this regime by making religion the criterion of distinguishability. The CAA 2019 and NRC have generated a regime of 'bounded citizenship' based on the assumption that citizenship can be passed on as a legacy of ancestry making it a natural and constitutive identity. The politics of Hindutva serves as an ideological apparatus buttressing the regime and propelling the movement away from the foundational principles of secular-constitutionalism that characterised Indian citizenship in 1949.

This volume of "Studies in Law, Politics, and Society" presents a diverse array of articles by an interdisciplinary and international group of scholars. Their work spans the social sciences, humanities, and law and examines new perspectives on legal relationships and events, punishment as a literary and philosophical issue, and custom and experience in law and society. The articles published here illuminate some of the exciting work being done in interdisciplinary legal scholarship.

This is a study of the social construction and the impression management of the public forms of worship of Catholicism and Anglicanism. Interest centres on the dilemmas of the liturgical actors in handling a transaction riddled with ambiguities and potential misunderstandings. Simmel, Berger and Goffman are used in an original manner to understand these rites which pose as much of a problem for sociology as for their practitioners.;These rites are treated as forms of play and hermeneutics is linked to a negative theology to understand their performative basis. The study is an effort to link sociology to theology in a way that serves to focus on an issue of social praxis.