Highly detailed and elaborate, this book is written explicitly for the purpose of professionals who work with gypsum in various technical and consumer-centric fields. It emphasises technical specifications of gypsum and associated products focusing on particular applications in industries such as construction, decoration, medicine, dentistry, architecture, chemical product manufacturing, arts, cooking, cosmetics, and agriculture. The book takes into account different chemical, physical, and biological characteristics and the relevance of gypsum and its extended applications.

This book covers a wide range of topics in polymer rheology. These are: Basic Principles, parameters, systems and applied mathematical models used in the rheological studies Melt flow analysis of different non-Newtonian fluids in laminar flow, transition between laminar and turbulent flow and modified Reynolds number The effects of different physical and molecular parameters on purely viscous rheological response of polymer melts and solutions Principles of rheometery and different types of viscometers and on-line rheometers The static and dynamic viscoelastic response of the polymer melts and solutions, viscoelasticity, mechanical models and Boltzmann superposition principle Molecular structure - viscoelasticity relationship and linear and non-linear viscoelasticity Effects of different processes, materials parameters like temperature, fillers (micro and nano-fillers) and molecular parameters like MW, MWD The role of rheology in polymer processing in different equipment Modified power law constants and two range power law constants for a large number of polymers, rheology software program in Java, comparison of different polymer rheological models using the rheology software and answers to the problems The book will be very useful to both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as teachers and practicing rheologists.

Stem Cell Manufacturing discusses the required technologies that enable the transfer of the current laboratory-based practice of stem cell tissue culture to the clinic environment as therapeutics, while concurrently achieving control, reproducibility, automation, validation, and safety of the process and the product. The advent of stem cell research unveiled the therapeutic potential of stem cells and their derivatives and increased the awareness of the public and scientific community for the topic. The successful manufacturing of stem cells and their derivatives is expected to have a positive impact in the society since it will contribute to widen the offer of therapeutic solutions to the patients. Fully defined cellular products can be used to restore the structure and function of damaged tissues and organs and to develop stem cell-based cellular therapies for the treatment of cancer and hematological disorders, autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases and genetic disorders.

Biofuels for Aviation: Feedstocks, Technology and Implementation presents the issues surrounding the research and use of biofuels for aviation, such as policy, markets, certification and performance requirements, life cycle assessment, and the economic and technical barriers to their full implementation. Readers involved in bioenergy and aviation sectors-research, planning, or policy making activities-will benefit from this thorough overview. The aviation industry's commitment to reducing GHG emissions along with increasing oil prices have sparked the need for renewable and affordable energy sources tailored to this sector's very specific needs. As jet engines cannot be readily electrified, turning to biofuels is the most viable option. However, aviation is a type of transportation for which traditional biofuels, such as bioethanol and biodiesel, do not fulfill key fuel requirements. Therefore, different solutions to this situation are being researched and tested around the globe, which makes navigating this scenario particularly challenging. This book guides readers through this intricate subject, bringing them up to speed with its current status and future prospects both from the academic and the industry point of view. Science and technology chapters delve into the technical aspects of the currently tested and the most promising technology in development, as well as their respective feedstocks and the use of additives as a way of adapting them to meet certain specifications. Conversion processes such as hydrotreatment, synthetic biology, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and Fisher-Tropsch are explored and their results are assessed for current and future viability.

This timely text offers coverage of pollution prevention fundamentals, featuring examples and case studies drawn from the chemical process industries. Topics are presented on three different levels-macro, meso, and micro. The book's multifaceted approach provides a complete picture of current waste minimization theory and practice.
Macroscale
* Comprehensive analysis of the flow of materials in the United States, from natural resource extraction to consumer product disposal
* Overview of waste generation and management for different pollutant types
* Assessment of pollution prevention opportunities using industrial ecology and product life cycle frameworks
Mesoscale
* Detailed coverage of pollution prevention in chemical manufacturing processes
* Waste audits, emission inventories, flow sheet analysis, and many other important tools
* Waste reduction for unit operations, techniques for measuring economic benefits of pollution prevention, and more
Microscale
* Case studies of reaction pathway analysis and material design methods
Complete with case studies that give the material a real-world edge, plus worked examples to reinforce learning, this text is valuable to both advanced students and practitioners of chemical and civil engineering.

Thermodynamics is an indispensable tool for developing a large and growing fraction of new polymers and polymer blends. These two volumes show the researcher how thermodynamics can be used to rank polymer pairs in order of immiscibility, including the search for suitable chemical structure of compatibilizers. Because of the great current commercial interest in this most dynamic sector of the polymer industry, there is high interest in studying their physical and mechanical properties, their structures, and the processes of their formation and manufacture. These Books are dedicated to Analysis of the Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends. Thermodynamic behavior of blends determines the compatibility of the components, their morphological features, rheological behavior, and microphase structures. As a result, the most important physical and mechanical characteristics of blends can be identified.

Hazardous Waste Risk Assessment provides a concise yet comprehensive examination of concepts and techniques in risk assessment that can be applied to hazardous waste problems. The book emphasizes the use of health risk assessment to support management decisions on hazardous waste disposal and site remediation programs. Methods discussed include those for developing strategies for health and environmental assessment and site restoration tasks, evaluating corrective action programs, determining the effects of risk assessment results on risk management decisions in hazardous waste programs and general risk management and prevention programs, and performing safety evaluations of hazardous waste facilities. Step-by-step numerical case evaluations are used to help present the book in an easy-to-follow, realistic manner. Features

This book presents the development of modern molecular models for fluids from the interdisciplinary fundamentals of classical and statistical mechanics, of electrodynamics and of quantum mechanics. The concepts and working equations of the various fields are briefly derived and illustrated in the context of understanding the properties of molecular systems. Special emphasis is devoted to the quantum mechanical basis, since this is used throughout in the calculation of the molecular energy of a system. The book is application oriented. It stresses those elements that are essential for practical model development. The fundamentals are then used to derive models for various types of applications. Finally, equation of state models are presented based on quantum chemically based models for the intermolecular potential energy and perturbation theory. The book is suited for graduate courses in chemical and mechanical engineering, physics and chemistry, but may also, by proper selection, be found useful on the undergraduate level.

Fate and transport models are critical components in the determination of the exposure to and risk from hazardous contaminants. Analytical models are preferable because they are generally more accessible, more reliable, and require fewer computational resources. Surprisingly, until today, only a limited number of analytical models have been accessible in the literature. Now, there is Diffusion Models of Environmental Transport, which provides more than 40 analytical models of diffusion and advective-diffusion in one, two, and three layer systems, subject to a wide range of boundary and initial conditions. This text illustrates applications to contaminant transport in sediments and soils, including porewater and vapor transport, and also provides Mathcad spreadsheets to aid in the use of these models. The authors supply complete details of the solutions to the models for those who wish for a deeper understanding. For others, who do not have the time or the need, the solutions themselves are ready to be picked up and used. Reible and Choy use their 20-plus years of cumulative experience to create a thorough exploration of fate and transport models. This comprehensive text furnishes an invaluable reference for students and environmental professionals.

This volume reviews numerous reaction mechanisms and applications of nucleic acids with catalytic activity. Written by an interdisciplinary team of authors, it provides an essential overview of these acids' fundamental aspects, while also addressing associated methodologies such as nucleic acid enzyme engineering, peroxidase-mimicking DNAzymes and Aptazymes. After the discovery of natural ribozymes - RNA molecules that mediate the cleavage and formation of phosphodiester bonds and the formation of peptide bonds - numerous artificial ribozymes with altered catalytic activities were produced by in vitro and in vivo selection. Unlike ribozymes, DNAzymes do not occur in nature. Although the catalytic activity of nucleic acid enzymes is usually much slower than that of proteins, nucleic acid enzymes with comparable catalytic activity have been obtained using stringent selection processes. The key advantages of these enzymes: they are e.g. smaller, easier to produce and purify than proteins, and can withstand denaturation, e.g. by heat. Over the last few years, the number of publications on the applications of enzymatic nucleic acids has grown steadily. Summarizing the fundamentals and applications of these acids, this book will not only be an excellent resource for experts in the field but will also guide young researchers just starting out in this significant area.

The plan of this book is to present the relevant thermodynamic features of fluid mixtures in contact with semipermeable barriers, then to apply this information in deriving the design requirements of individual membrane separation processes. The membranes, by this approach, are introduced by way of the mass transport and selectivity demands which they are to meet. This book gives a survey, in systematic order, of the terms and concepts by which barrier separations operate.

Practical Guides in Chemical Engineering are a cluster of short texts that each provides a focused introductory view on a single subject. The full library spans the main topics in the chemical process industries that engineering professionals require a basic understanding of. They are 'pocket publications' that the professional engineer can easily carry with them or access electronically while working. Each text is highly practical and applied, and presents first principles for engineers who need to get up to speed in a new area fast. The focused facts provided in each guide will help you converse with experts in the field, attempt your own initial troubleshooting, check calculations, and solve rudimentary problems. Solid-Liquid Filtration covers the basic principles and mechanisms of filtration, filtration testing including filter aids and filter media, types of filtration systems, selection of filtration systems and typical operating and troubleshooting approaches. This guide also discusses general applications and tips for process filtration and can be utilized by process engineers as a framework for "idea-generation" when analyzing filtration for an operating bottleneck issue or a new process development problem.

The timely volume describes recent discoveries and method developments that have revolutionized Structural Biology with the advent of X-ray Free Electron Lasers. It provides, for the first time, a comprehensive examination of this cutting-edge technology. It discusses of-the-moment topics such as growth and detection of nanocrystals, Sample Delivery Techniques for serial femtosecond crystallography, data collection methods at XFELs, and more. This book aims to provide the readers with an overview of the new methods that have been recently developed as well as a prospective on new methods under development. It highlights the most important and novel Structural Discoveries made recently with XFELS, contextualized with a big-picture discussion of future developments.

CONTENTS - Introduction, L. A. Underkofler and R. J. Hickey - PART I -ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION AND ITS MODIFICATIONS - 2. Alcoholic Fermentation of Grain, W. H. Stark - 3. Alcoholic Fermentation of Molasses, H. M. Hodge and F. M. Hildebrandt - 4. Alcoholic Fermentation of Sulfite Waste Liquor, J. L. McCarthy 955. Production of Alcohol from Wood Waste, J. F. Saeman and A. A. Andreasen - 6. The Brewing Industry, R. I. Tenney - 7. Commercial Production of Table and Dessert Wines, M. A. Joslyn and M. W. Turbovsky - 8. Glycerol, L. A. Underkofler - PART II. THE PRODUCTION OF YEAST - 9. Commercial Yeast Manufacture, R. Irvin - 10. Food and Feed Yeast, A. J. Wiley - PART III. THE BUTANOL ACETONE FERMENTATIONS - 11. The Butanol-Acetone Fermentations, W.N. McCutchan and R. J. Hickey - PART IV. FERMENTATIVE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC ACIDS - 12. Lactic Acid, H. H. Schopmeyer - 13. The Citric Acid Fermentation, M. J. Johnson - 14. Gluconic Acid, L. A. Underkofler - 15. Fumaric Acid, J. W. Foster - 16. Itaconic Acid, L. B. Lockwood - 17. Acetic Acid-Vinegar, R. H. Vaughn - INDEX -

Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, outlines the principles of biochemical processes and explains their use in the manufacturing of every day products. The author uses a diirect approach that should be very useful for students in following the concepts and practical applications. This book is unique in having many solved problems, case studies, examples and demonstrations of detailed experiments, with simple design equations and required calculations.

This book explores the potential of multi-functional carbon nanotubes for biomedical applications. It combines contributions from chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, and medicine. The complete overview of the state-of-the-art addresses different synthesis and biofunctionalisation routes and shows the structural and magnetic properties of nanotubes relevant to biomedical applications. Particular emphasis is put on the interaction of carbon nanotubes with biological environments, i.e. toxicity, biocompatibility, cellular uptake, intracellular distribution, interaction with the immune system and environmental impact. The insertion of NMR-active substances allows diagnostic usage as markers and sensors, e.g. for imaging and contactless local temperature sensing. The potential of nanotubes for therapeutic applications is highlighted by studies on chemotherapeutic drug filling and release, targeting and magnetic hyperthermia studies for anti-cancer treatment at the cellular level.

This book provides a comprehensive description of theories and applications of high-solid and multi-phase bioprocess engineering, which is considered as an important way to address the challenges of "high energy consumption, high pollution and high emissions" in bio-industry. It starts from specifying the solid-phase matrix properties that contribute to a series of "solid effects" on bioprocess, including mass transfer restrictions in porous media, water binding effects, rheological changes. Then it proposes the new principles of periodic intensification which combines the normal force and physiologic characteristics of microorganism for the bioprocess optimization and scale-up. Further breakthroughs in key periodic intensification techniques such as periodic peristalsis and gas pressure pulsation are described in detail which provide an industrialization platform and lay the foundation for high-solid and multi-phase bioprocess engineering. This book offers an excellent reference and guide for scientists and engineers engaged in the research on both the theoretical and practical aspects of high-solid and multi-phase bioprocess.

CONTENTS - I. SURFACE PHENOMENA - II. ADSORPTION AT LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACES - III. DILUTE EMULSIONS AS OIL HYDROSOLS - IV. EMULSIFYING AGENTS - V. PROPERTIES OF EMULSIONS - VI . THEORIES OF EMULSIONS - VII. DUAL EMULSIONS AND THE INVERSION OF PHASES - VIII. EMULSIONS IN BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS - IX. TECHNICAL EMULSIONS - X. POLYMERISATION IN EMULSIONS - XI. THE PREPARATION OF EMULSIONS-BASIC PRINCIPLES - XII. THE PREPARATION OF EMULSIONS-TECHNICAL OPERATIONS - XIII. DE-EMULSIFICATION - APPENDIX: PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS IN EMULSIONS - AUTHOR INDEX - SUBJECT INDEX -

A complete reference for fermentation engineers engaged in commercial chemical and pharmaceutical production, "Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook" emphasizes the operation, development and design of manufacturing processes that use fermentation, separation and purification techniques. Contributing authors from companies such as Merck, Eli Lilly, Amgen and Bristol-Myers Squibb highlight the practical aspects of the processes-data collection, scale-up parameters, equipment selection, troubleshooting, and more. They also provide relevant perspectives for the different industry sectors utilizing fermentation techniques, including chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and biofuels.

New material in the third edition covers topics relevant to modern recombinant cell fermentation, mammalian cell culture, and biorefinery, ensuring that the book will remain applicable around the globe. It uniquely demonstrates the relationships between the synthetic processes for small molecules such as active ingredients, drugs and chemicals, and the biotechnology of protein, vaccine, hormone, and antibiotic production. This major revision also includes new material on membrane pervaporation technologies for biofuels and nanofiltration, and recent developments in instrumentation such as optical-based dissolved oxygen probes, capacitance-based culture viability probes, and in situ real-time fermentation monitoring with wireless technology. It addresses topical environmental considerations, including the use of new (bio)technologies to treat and utilize waste streams and produce renewable energy from wastewaters. Options for bioremediation are also explained.
Fully updated to cover the latest advances in recombinant cell fermentation, mammalian cell culture and biorefinery, along with developments in instrumentation Industrial contributors from leading global companies, including Merck, Eli Lilly, Amgen, and Bristol-Myers SquibbCovers synthetic processes for both small and large molecules

A symposium titled "Polyphosphazenes in Biomedicine, Engineering & Pioneering Synthesis" was held at a recent meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) in August 2017 in Washington, DC. The chapters in this book provide a summary of the international contributions reported at that meeting, the purpose of which was to bring together a broad range of topics, research investigators, and representatives from industry to discuss the current status of different aspects of this field.

Mathematics Applied to Engineering in Action: Advanced Theories, Methods, and Models focuses on material relevant to solving the kinds of mathematical problems regularly confronted by engineers. This new volume explains how an engineer should properly define the physical and mathematical problem statements, choose the computational approach, and solve the problem by a proven reliable approach. It presents the theoretical background necessary for solving problems, including definitions, rules, formulas, and theorems on the particular theme. The book aims to apply advanced mathematics using real-world problems to illustrate mathematical ideas. This approach emphasizes the relevance of mathematics to engineering problems, helps to motivate the reader, and gives examples of mathematical concepts in a context familiar to the research students. The volume is intended for professors and instructors, scientific researchers, students, and industry professionals. It will help readers to choose the most appropriate mathematical modeling method to solve engineering problems.

- Presents A rational holistic approach to use terrestrial biomass as a raw material - Comprises New techniques for converting waste biomass in added value materials - Describes The Methanol/ sulphuric acid system in cellulose saccharification - Reviews Fusion biomass straw in carbon fiber by acid impregnation techniques

This book deals with the state-of-the-art of physical security knowledge and research in the chemical and process industries. Legislation differences between Europe and the USA are investigated, followed by an overview of the how, what and why of contemporary security risk assessment in this particular industrial sector. Innovative solutions such as attractiveness calculations and the use of game theory, advancing the present science of adversarial risk analysis, are discussed. The book further stands up for developing and employing dynamic security risk assessments, for instance based on Bayesian networks, and using OR methods to truly move security forward in the chemical and process industries.

This book discusses the decoding of the lytic mechanism of an -helical pore-forming toxin, YaxAB, composed of two different subunits. Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are among the most common bacterial toxins. They are produced by a variety of pathogens, which infect a wide range of organisms including plants, insects and humans. Yet the maturation of these particles and the structural changes required for pore formation are still poorly understood for many PFT families. Using a diverse panel of biochemical and structural techniques, including X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, Dr. Brauning and colleagues have succeeded in identifying the mechanistic contributions of the two toxin components and elucidating the lytic state of the pore complex. The results of this thesis on the YaxAB system are applicable to orthologues from agriculturally relevant insect pathogens, and offer valuable structural and mechanistic insights to inform future bioengineering efforts.

Thermo-fluid Dynamics of Two-Phase Flow, Second Edition is focused on the fundamental physics of two-phase flow. The authors present the detailed theoretical foundation of multi-phase flow thermo-fluid dynamics as they apply to: Nuclear reactor transient and accident analysis; Energy systems; Power generation systems; Chemical reactors and process systems; Space propulsion; Transport processes. This edition features updates on two-phase flow formulation and constitutive equations and CFD simulation codes such as FLUENT and CFX, new coverage of the lift force model, which is of particular significance for those working in the field of computational fluid dynamics, new equations and coverage of 1 dimensional drift flux models and a new chapter on porous media formulation.