"Guidelines for Vapor Release Mitigation" is a survey of current industrial practice for controlling accidental releases of hazardous vapors and preventing their escape from the source area.

Beads made from Egyptian faience have been excavated from grave deposits (c. 4000-3100 BC), together with beads of glazed steatite (a soft rock) and of se- precious stones such as turquoise, carnelian, quartz, and lapis lazuli. Information on these and many more ancient beads used for ornaments and jewelry, ritual ceremonies, as art artifacts and gifts for amorous women throughout history, and descriptions of the raw materials (e. g. , glass, bone, precious and other stones) and manufacturing technologies used for their production can be located in many references. Many books are devoted to the description of beads that are not of water-soluble polymer origin, techniques for their production, their art, value, and distribution, re?ecting the wealth of information existing in this ?eld of science and art. On the other hand, there are no books fully devoted to the fascinating topic of hydrocolloid (polymeric) beads and their unique applications. A few books c- tain scattered chapters and details on such topics, while emphasizing the possibility of locating fragments of information elsewhere; however, again, there is no book that is solely devoted to hydrocolloid beads and their versatile applications. In the meantime, the use of water-soluble hydrocolloid beads is on the rise in many ?elds, making a book that covers both past and novel applications of such beads, as well as their properties and ways in which to manipulate them, crucial.

Compostable Polymer Materials, Second Edition, deals with the environmentally important family of polymers designed to be disposed of in industrial and municipal compost facilities after their useful life. These compostable plastics undergo degradation and leave no visible, distinguishable, or toxic residue. Environmental concerns and legislative measures taken in different regions of the world make composting an increasingly attractive route for the disposal of redundant polymers. This book covers the entire spectrum of preparation, degradation, and evironmental issues related to compostable polymers. It emphasizes recent studies concerning compostability and ecotoxilogical assessment of polymer materials. It descibes the thermal behavior, including flammability properties, of compostable polymers. It also explores possible routes of compostable polymers waste disposal through an ecological lens. Finally, the book examines the economic factors at work, including price evolution over the past decade, the current market, and future perspectives. Compostable Polymer Materials is an essential resource for graduate students and scientists working in chemistry, materials science, ecology, and environmental science.

The Handbook of Carbohydrate Engineering provides an overview of the basic science, theory, methods, and applications of this broad, interdisciplinary field. The text provides background information along with practical knowledge for current and future research methodologies used in the characterization and synthesis of various carbohydrates. This multidisciplinary perspective involves aspects of basic biology, synthetic chemistry, enzymology, complex instrumentation, and sophisticated modeling. The book presents the fundamentals of carbohydrate engineering, addressing concepts in structure, biosynthesis, and biological functions for a variety of carbohydrates with a particular emphasis on mammalian glycoproteins and their N-linked oligosaccharides, glycolipids, sialic acid, as well as polysaccharides from both eukaryotes and bacteria. It describes glycosylation processes found in nature and surveys methods to manipulate these metabolic systems in living cells both for the improved production of carbohydrates and to give these molecules novel properties. Subsequent sections discuss the various methods of purification, synthesis, modification, and analysis used to create and manipulate carbohydrates in the laboratory; these approaches include chemical-enzymatic synthesis, small-molecule cell-based strategies, as well as complete chemical synthesis. The Handbook of Carbohydrate Engineering also focuses on practical applications for carbohydrates. It emphasizes methods to characterize glycosylation pathways and expounds upon the role of carbohydrates in health and disease, a significant - and rapidly growing - area of research. World-renowned experts discuss biomedical applications, including the development of vaccines, therapeutics, glycomimetics, antibody engineering, drug delivery, tissue engineering and organ regeneration, and diagnostic agents. Several chapters also cover important applications in agriculture, industry, food technology, and envir

First published in 1993, Coagulation and Flocculation is a practical reference for the researchers in the field of the stabilization and destabilization of fine solid dispersions. By omitting chapters that remained unchanged from the first edition, the editors of this second edition completely update, rewrite, and expand upon all chapters to reflect a decade of the latest advances in both theoretical and application aspects of the field. The authors provide expanded material that includes dissociation from a solid surface with independent sites; improvements to the Gouy-Chapman model; electrical double layer, surface ionization, and surface heterogeneity; thin liquid films and modeling of a semi-batch process using microprocesses probabilities; and clay mineral intracrystalline reactions, applications, and gelation. New chapters cover homopolymers and their effect on colloid stability, including never before published figures and equations; the stability of suspensions in the presence of surfactants, polymers, and mixtures; and the flocculation and dewatering of fine-particle suspensions, emphasizing floc formation, growth, structure, and applications. The second edition of Coagulation and Flocculation effectively captures both the theoretical and application aspects of the latest advances in the evolving field of solid dispersions, suspensions, and mixtures.

The book is the first thorough study of the role of phosphorus chemistry in the origin of life. This book starts with depiction of the phosphorus role in life creation and evolution. Then it outlines in vital processes how different phosphorus-containing compounds participate as biomarker in life evolution. Written by renowned scientists, it is suitable for researchers and students in organic phosphorus chemistry and biochemistry.

The whole range of biocatalysis, from a firm grounding in theoretical concepts to in-depth coverage of practical applications and future perspectives.
The book not only covers reactions, products and processes with and from biological catalysts, but also the process of designing and improving such biocatalysts.
One unique feature is that the fields of chemistry, biology and bioengineering receive equal attention, thus addressing practitioners and students from all three areas.

This book showcases the state of the art in the field of sensors and microsystems, revealing the impressive potential of novel methodologies and technologies. It covers a broad range of aspects, including: bio-, physical and chemical sensors; actuators; micro- and nano-structured materials; mechanisms of interaction and signal transduction; polymers and biomaterials; sensor electronics and instrumentation; analytical microsystems, recognition systems and signal analysis; and sensor networks, as well as manufacturing technologies, environmental, food and biomedical applications. The book gathers a selection of papers presented at the 19th AISEM National Conference on Sensors and Microsystems. Held in Lecce, Italy in February 2017, the event brought together researchers, end users, technology teams and policy makers.

From disease marker identification to accelerated drug development, Protein Arrays, Biochips, and Proteomics offers a detailed overview of current and emerging trends in the field of array-based proteomics. This reference focuses on innovations in protein microarrays and biochips, mass spectrometry, high-throughput protein expression, protein-protein interactions, structural proteomics, and the proteomic marketplace for comprehensive understanding of past, present, and future proteomic research. Offering an abundance of figures and charts, the book compiles a wide variety of technologies and applications ranging from functionalized chip surfaces to strategies for protein expression.

Shape your heart to front the hour, but dream not that the hour will lost. Alfred Tennyson Locksley Hall Sixty YeO!, After Numerous advances in the life sciences have necessitated the need to develop gentle, quick and economical methods for separation of proteins/enzymes. Affmity-based separations, with their high selectivity, have thus come to be used more frequently. In the beginning, we just had atrmity chromatography. Today we have several strategies that employ atrmity interactions for separa- tion and analysis. This book is an attempt to provide a short introduction and illustrative protocols for some important and current affinity-based approaches inthe area ofdownstream processingofenzymes/proteins. Today, people from a variety of disciplines have to purify proteins. It is hoped that this book will provide some quick insight into the various available options and guide even a novice (in the area ofprotein separation) to obtain his/her target protein at the level of purity that he/she desires.

EPR spectroscopy is a versatile, nondestructive technique widely used in chemistry, biology, and physics. It detects molecules and materials with unpaired electrons making it a very selective technique that produces a wealth of information on such systems. Its high sensitivity makes it suitable in analyzing very small samples, single crystals, or reaction intermediates like radicals. This textbook takes a practical approach that introduces the basic concepts of EPR to suffi cient detail to allow the reader to gain a basic knowledge of EPR and understand how experiments are carried out and how spectra are analyzed and interpreted. Many illustrative examples are included drawn from solid-state physics and bioinorganic chemistry. It is suitable as a short introduction for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students taking their fi rst steps into EPR research.

This text explains how to apply concepts in chemical reaction engineering and transport phenomena to the design of catalytic combustion systems. It features three examples where catalytic combustion is utilized as a primary combustion process and natural gas is used as a fuel for stationary gas turbines, process fluid heaters and radiant heaters. These examples cover much of the area where research is currently most active. In each of these there are environmental benefits to be gained illustrating catalytic combustion as a cleaner primary combustion process. The dominant heat transfer processes in each of the applications are different, as are the support systems, flow geometrics and operating conditions. This provides a framework for the modelling and experimental techniques described in this book, offering the reader the opportunity to gain a broader knowledge base and develop the skills of problem solving and system modelling.

This book provides, for the first time, a thorough survey of the techniques and equipment for both high and low pressure phase equilibrium measurement and the equally challenging task of accurately modelling or predicting the equilibria. It is unique in the fact that it combines in-depth and authoritative coverage of both experimental and theoretical procedures in a single volume.

Beginning with a review of relevant thermodynamic theory, this book provides detailed discussions of the many different models and approaches, along with advantages and disadvantages for some theories and equations.

This book provides updated information about applications of ion chromatography (IC) in food science, such as food quality control, food authentication and analysis of residues in certain food products. Among liquid chromatography methods, IC can be considered one of the most valuable analytical tools, an advantageous environmentally friendly technique able to provide a convenient determination of various analytes such as anions, cations, organic acids, carbohydrates, amines, amino acids, aminoglycosides, proteins, peptides, etc. Recent developments such as in-line eluent generation systems, capillary IC and combustion IC, are also described. The book is intended to serve as an organized resource for students, researchers and food analysts, but can be a relevant support for researchers from related fields. It highlights that IC can be even more powerful and effi cient when more complex equipment is available, while proper knowledge empowers the user to obtain relevant data from this.

Aromatic compounds are a diverse and fascinating class of compounds with wide-ranging importance. This book provides an overview of the synthesis and reactivity of aromatic compounds. The publication covers the many important reaction types, such as electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution, the reactivity of benzynes, aryllithium chemistry, and transition metal-mediated reactions. It also includes a discussion of the synthesis of heteroaromatic compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and nonplanar aromatic systems. This book focusses on reaction mechanisms and numerous examples of applications in multistep synthesis of aromatic compounds.

This text coherently links biochemical fundamentals and mechanisms with economic and societal problems of environmental pollution. It addresses interdisciplinary topics such as regulatory problems, sampling and pollutant quantifi cation, model organisms and provides a philosophical perspective on the toxin load on a variety of organisms, including humans in the environment in the Anthropocene. Case studies and exercises illustrate current issues and discuss future aspects.

This book is a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of self-reinforced polymer composites (SRCs) science and technology. After introducing the fundamental characteristics of SRCs, ample space is given to manufacturing, processing, characterization and application techniques. The approach is didactic and focused on formulations, illustrations and applications, which makes the book ideal for students, teachers and practitioners alike.

Atmospheric aerosols are an important and a highly complex component of the Earth's atmosphere that alter the radiative forcing and the chemical composition of the gas phase. These effects have impacts on local air quality and the global climate. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry outlines research fi ndings to date in aerosol chemistry and advances in analytical tools used in laboratory settings for studying their surface and bulk reactivity.

The tumour microenvironment is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to cancer progression and treatment. However, most cancer studies continue to be performed in 2D tissue culture dishes that do not capture the characteristics of the tumour niche. This book provides an introduction to the rich chemical, topographical, and mechanical cues in the tumour microenvironment and then introduces readers to bioengineering strategies, including scaffold design and synthesis, chemical signalling and delivery, and co-culture, microfluidics, and organ-on-a-chip tools that can be used to mimic tumour microenvironment features. This book also includes discussion of emerging imaging methods compatible with tumour microenvironment mimicking biomaterials and discusses applications of such models in immuno-oncology, metastasis, and drug screening. Edited by two leaders in the field, this book will appeal to graduate students and researchers working in biomaterials science, chemical and biomedical engineering departments.

With nanotechnology being a relatively new field, the questions regarding safety and ethics are steadily increasing with the development of the research. This book aims to give an overview on the ethics associated with employing nanoscience for products with everyday applications. The risks as well as the regulations are discussed, and an outlook for the future of nanoscience on a manufacturer's scale and for the society is provided. Handbook of Nanoethics is perfect for , academicians and scientist, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers. It is a good introduction for newcomers in the field who do not want to dive deep into the details but are eager to understand the ethical challenges and possible solution related to nanotechnology and ethics.

In this day and age, the chemical process engineer strives to make products at a lower cost, with less pollution, while using a variety of raw materials. When a new product or process is found to be successful, more plants are built either by retrofit or existing similar plants, or by construction of large plants. Engineers involved in the scaling of new plants will need a solid understanding of the issues involved in multiple reactions, which can happen in a series, in parallel, and can be reversible. Computer software can be used provide detailed treatments of these reactions and readers of Multiple Reactions Galore will learn how to treat intermediate products during a complex reaction scheme. This two-volume set discusses the engineering design issues involved when multiple reactions occur in the considered process. Design issues such as product distribution, economic analysis and profitability as well as the sensitivity of important quantities such as yield, selectivity to rate constant ratios, will be presented in detail. The author explains how to use Excel spreadsheets to seek numerical solutions when closed form analytical solutions are not possible. The author also explores the importance of by-product and by-product yield, which is often overlooked in traditional reaction engineering textbooks.

Heat transfer is close connected to the better utilization of thermal energy. This book provides an international perspective on the status of heat transfer enhancement and energy conservation research, development, and applications. It contains scientific papers from countries and areas including Bahrain, Canada, China, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, India, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Yugoslavia. It is a valuable reference for anyone interested in heat transfer enhancement and energy conservation.