Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces

As with other books in the field, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces describes what occurs when gases come in contact with various solid surfaces. But, unlike all the others, it also explains why. While the theory of surface reactions is still under active development, the approach Dr. Richard Masel takes in this book is to outline general principles derived from thermodynamics and reaction rate theory that can be applied to reactions on surfaces, and to indicate ways in which these principles may be applied. The book also provides a comprehensive treatment of the latest quantitative surface modeling techniques with numerous examples of their use in the fields of chemical engineering, physical chemistry, and materials science. A valuable working resource and an excellent graduate-level text, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces provides readers with:

• A detailed look at the latest advances in understanding and quantifying reactions on surfaces
• In-depth reviews of all crucial background material
• 40 solved examples illustrating how the methods apply to catalysis, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrochemistry, and more
• 340 problems and practice exercises
• Sample computer programs
• Universal plots of many key quantities
• Detailed, class-tested derivations to help clarify key results

The recent development of quantitative techniques for modeling surface reactions has led to a number of exciting breakthroughs in our understanding of what happens when gases come in contact with solid surfaces. While many books have appeared describing various experimental modeling techniques and the results obtained through their application, until now, there has been no single-volume reference devoted to the fundamental principles governing the processes observed.

The first book to focus on governing principles rather than experimental techniques or specific results, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces provides students and professionals with a quantitative treatment of the application of principles derived from the fields of thermodynamics and reaction rate theory to the investigation of gas adsorption and reaction on solid surfaces. Writing for a broad-based audience including, among others, chemical engineers, chemists, and materials scientists, Dr. Richard I. Masel deftly balances basic background in areas such as statistical mechanics and kinetics with more advanced applications in specialized areas.

Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces was also designed to provide readers an opportunity to quickly familiarize themselves with all of the important quantitative surface modeling techniques now in use. To that end, the author has included all of the key equations involved as well as numerous real-world illustrations and solved examples that help to illustrate how the equations can be applied. He has also provided computer programs along with universal plots that make it easy for readers to apply results to their own problems with little computational effort.

Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces is a valuable working resource for chemical engineers, physical chemists, and materials scientists, and an excellent text for graduate students in those disciplines.

This book presents the development of modern molecular models for fluids from the interdisciplinary fundamentals of classical and statistical mechanics, of electrodynamics and of quantum mechanics. The concepts and working equations of the various fields are briefly derived and illustrated in the context of understanding the properties of molecular systems. Special emphasis is devoted to the quantum mechanical basis, since this is used throughout in the calculation of the molecular energy of a system. The book is application oriented. It stresses those elements that are essential for practical model development. The fundamentals are then used to derive models for various types of applications. Finally, equation of state models are presented based on quantum chemically based models for the intermolecular potential energy and perturbation theory. The book is suited for graduate courses in chemical and mechanical engineering, physics and chemistry, but may also, by proper selection, be found useful on the undergraduate level.

A comprehensive understanding of the potential dangers inherent in warehousing chemicals is the first step in managing the associated risks. Written by industry professionals for warehouse operators, designers, and all who are concerned with the safe warehousing of chemicals, this book offers a performance-based approach to such hazards as health effects, environmental pollution, fire, and explosion, and presents practical means to minimize the risk of these hazards to employees, the surrounding population, the environment, property, and business operations. These basic precepts can be used to evaluate the risks in initial or existing designs for warehousing facilities on a manufacturing site, for freestanding offsite buildings, and for strictly chemical or mixed-use storage. Each of the book's ten chapters has a list of references and suggestions for further reading. The numerous topics covered make this book invaluable for warehousing designers and operators.

Thermodynamic Models for Chemical Engineering gives an overview of the main thermodynamic models used by engineers and in engineering researcher processes. These fall into two main families, equations of state and activity coefficient models. The book presents the state-of-the-art of purely predictive models.

Das Buch mit zahlreichen Praxisbeispielen befasst sich mit allen wesentlichen Fragen, die f r die Auslegung von Packungskolonnen bei der Rektifikation, Absorption und Strippung (Desorption) unter Vakuum, im Normal- und Druckbereich bis 100 bar, in der Abluft- und Abwassertechnik von Bedeutung sind.

Es wird ein einheitliches, f r beliebige Einbauten geltendes Modell vorgestellt, mit dem die Flutpunktgeschwindigkeit, der Fl ssigkeitsinhalt und der Druckverlust im gesamten Belastungsbereich f r regellose F llk rper, geordnete F llk rperschichten, f r Rohrkolonnen und f r strukturierte Packungen mit unterschiedlicher Neigung der Str mungskan le vorausberechnet werden kann.

Des Weiteren werden Berechnungsunterlagen f r ca. 200 F llk rper und Packungen zusammengestellt. Die zahlreichen Rechenbeispiele - insbesondere f r strukturierte Packungen - erleichtern die Anwendung der abgeleiteten Beziehungen.

Catalytic procedures are clearly the most economical means to effect selective processes in organic synthesis. For the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds, the utilization of enzymes is particularly attractive because of high selectivities and mild, environmentally benign reaction conditions. Taking advantage of advances in molecular biology, unique new enzymes are now readily accessible in quantity with properties that are amenable to modification on demand. This volume brings together leading contributors from the forefront of this exciting technology. In their authoritative and timely reviews they cover the state-of-the-art of biocatalysis from the discovery of novel enzymes - by modern screening, evolutionary or immunological approaches - through immobilization techniques for technical processes, to their use in the asymmetric synthesis of important target compounds.

The subject matter of this book deals with fundamental questions such as: where do industrial chemicals come from?; how are they made?; what determines which of these chemicals are produced in commercial quantities?; and what are the economic factors which affect production and pricing levels of these chemicals? These studies were done by the author using a technique he calls the "Building Block Approach". This means using a given chemical structure which is usually produced by the assembly of structural units that differ in the number of variations and the presence of important hetero atoms. The author demonstrates the usefulness of this approach in the recognition of potential choices of chemical assembly operations and that repeated applications of this approach will develop skill in recognizing industrially useful synthetic procedures.

The purpose of this book is to explain the basic physical principles underlying the use of supercritical fluids. Excessive detail is avoided and experimental examples are used sparingly to illustrate the principles, so that the basic principles are clear. Some of the topics are not presently covered in other books or in the literature. The first half of the book covers the very basic topics and in the second half these are applied to separation methods and chemical reactions.

The fourth edition of Transport Phenomena Fundamentals continues with its streamlined approach to the subject, based on a unified treatment of heat, mass, and momentum transport using a balance equation approach. The new edition includes more worked examples within each chapter and adds confidence-building problems at the end of each chapter. Some numerical solutions are included in an appendix for students to check their comprehension of key concepts. Additional resources online include exercises that can be practiced using a wide range of software programs available for simulating engineering problems, such as, COMSOL (R), Maple (R), Fluent, Aspen, Mathematica, Python and MATLAB (R), lecture notes, and past exams. This edition incorporates a wider range of problems to expand the utility of the text beyond chemical engineering. The text is divided into two parts, which can be used for teaching a two-term course. Part I covers the balance equation in the context of diffusive transport-momentum, energy, mass, and charge. Each chapter adds a term to the balance equation, highlighting that term's effects on the physical behavior of the system and the underlying mathematical description. Chapters familiarize students with modeling and developing mathematical expressions based on the analysis of a control volume, the derivation of the governing differential equations, and the solution to those equations with appropriate boundary conditions. Part II builds on the diffusive transport balance equation by introducing convective transport terms, focusing on partial, rather than ordinary, differential equations. The text describes paring down the full, microscopic equations governing the phenomena to simplify the models and develop engineering solutions, and it introduces macroscopic versions of the balance equations for use where the microscopic approach is either too difficult to solve or would yield much more information that is actually required. The text discusses the momentum, Bernoulli, energy, and species continuity equations, including a brief description of how these equations are applied to heat exchangers, continuous contactors, and chemical reactors. The book introduces the three fundamental transport coefficients: the friction factor, the heat transfer coefficient, and the mass transfer coefficient in the context of boundary layer theory. Laminar flow situations are treated first followed by a discussion of turbulence. The final chapter covers the basics of radiative heat transfer, including concepts such as blackbodies, graybodies, radiation shields, and enclosures.

The demand for more durable fasteners to extend the life of equipment such as fishing vessels makes this illustrated introduction to hot-dip galvanizing an invaluable addition to the bookshelves of works managers, engineers, government officials and field project officers. Hot-dip galvanizing is a cost-effective method of protecting cast iron or steel components from corrosion by coating them in zinc, thereby increasing the life of nuts, bolts and other items normally exposed to the elements. The first section of this book describes wet, dry and 'old dry' processes of hot-dip galvanizing, including health and safety, principles and benefits, equipment, materials, power supply, maintenance and quality control. The processes are illustrated with flow diagrams and there are tables to compare the relative benefits of the different options. The second section covers the specification and costing for a galvanizing plant once the market requirements have been established and the best method has been selected.

This book provides a self-contained presentation of optical methods used to measure the structure and dynamics of complex fluids subject to the influence of external fields. Such fields--hydrodynamic, electric, and magnetic--are commonly encountered in both academic and industrial research, and can produce profound changes in the microscale properties of liquids comprised of polymers, colloids, liquid crystals, or surfactants. Starting with the basic Maxwell field equations, this book discusses the polarization properties of light, including Jones and Mueller calculus, and then covers the transmission, reflection, and scattering of light in anisotropic materials. Spectroscopic interactions with oriented systems such as absorptive dichroism, small wide angle light scattering, and Raman scattering are discussed. Applications of these methods to a wide range of problems in complex fluid dynamics and structure are presented, along with selected case studies chosen to elucidate the range of techniques and materials that can be studied. As the only book of its kind to present a self-contained description of optical methods used for the full range of complex fluids, this work will be special interest to a wide range of readers, including chemical engineers, physical chemists, physicists, polymer and colloid scientists, along with graduate and post-graduate researchers.

Bioengineering Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment is written for an audience of senior undergraduate students and graduate students in mechanical, electrical and biomedical engineering fields and other professionals in medicine. It is ideally structured for teaching and for those who are working in cancer bioengineering or interdisciplinary projects. The book's authors bring a unique perspective from their expertise in immunology, nanobiomaterials and heat transfer. Topical coverage includes an introduction to the fundamentals of bioengineering and engineering approaches for cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment via case studies, and sections on imaging, immunotherapy, cell therapy, drug delivery, ultrasound and microfluidics in cancer treatment.

Scientists in many fields are now expressing considerable interest in non-linearity and the ideas of oscillations and chaos. Chemical reactions provide perfect examples of these phenomena, as oscillating reactions, explosions, ignition, travelling waves, patterns, quasiperiodicity, and chaos are all features of chemical kinetics. Now available in paperback, this book introduces non-linear phenomena in chemical kinetics using simple model schemes. These models involve chemical feedback, such as chain branching, autocatalysis, and self-heating. The emphasis is on physical and pictorial representation, and on identifying those gross features which are essential. The experimental conditions under which such behaviour will occur can be predicted using simple mathematical recipes, and these are also included. The first part of the book begins with a discussion of long-lived oscillations for autocatalytic or exothermic reactions in closed vessels. Stationary states, bistability, and oscillations in continuous flow reactors and diffusion cells are then considered. This is followed by chemical wave propagation and by pattern selection and oscillations. Complex oscillations, quasiperiodicity, and chemical chaos, either forced or spontaneous, are introduced. Part 2 deals with real experimental systems, describing observed experimental behaviour and its interpretation in terms of the underlying chemical mechanisms or simplified models. The Belousov-Zhabotinskii reactions is discussed in some detail as the most extensively studied system, and the behaviour of important gas phase reactions is presented.

Describes the state-of-the-art techniques and methods involved in the design, operation, preparation and containment of bioreactor systems, taking into account the interrelated effects of variables associated with both upstream and downstream stages of the design process. The importance of the initial steps in the development of a bioprocess, such as strain and media selection, that have an overwhelming influence on all further operations, is emphasized.;This work is intended for biochemical, chemical and bioprocess engineers; biotechnologists; industrial biochemists; micro- and molecular biologists; food scientists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

Vorstande, Entscheider und Entwickler in der chemischen Industrie mussen sich in zunehmendem Masse mit Produktdesign beschaftigen. Produkte, die in Leistung, Handhabung und Gestaltung exakt Kundenvorstellungen entsprechen, bringen die notwendigen Wettbewerbsvorteile. Unternehmen mochten mit Innovationen neue Markte erobern und/oder die erreichte Marktposition starken. Dieses Buch zeigt Ihnen, wie Sie hierfur geeignete Produktideen entwickeln. "

Contemporary Chemical Process Engineers face complex design and research problems. Temperature-dependent physical properties and non-Newtonian flow behavior of substances in a process cannot be predicted by numerical mathematics. Scaling-up equipment for processing can often only be done with partial similarity methods. Standard textbooks often neglect topics like dimensional analysis, theory of similarity and scale-up. This book fills this gap! It is aimed both at university students and the process engineer. It presents dimensional analysis very comprehensively with illustrative examples of mechanical, thermal and chemical processes.

All engineering disciplines have been developed from the basic sciences. Science gives us the information on the reasoning behind new product development, whereas engineering is the application of science to manufacture the product at the commercial level. Biological processes involve various biomolecules, which come from living sources. It is now possible to manipulate DNA to get the desired changes in biochemical processes. This book provides students the knowledge that will enable them to contribute in various professional fields, including bioprocess development, modeling and simulation, and environmental engineering. It includes the analysis of different upstream and downstream processes. The chapters are organized in broad engineering subdisciplines, such as mass and energy balances, reaction theory using both chemical and enzymatic reactions, microbial cell growth kinetics, transport phenomena, different control systems used in the fermentation industry, and case studies of some industrial fermentation processes. Each chapter begins with a fundamental explanation for general readers and ends with in-depth scientific details suitable for expert readers. The book also includes the solutions to about 100 problems.

Intended primarily for undergraduate chemical-engineering students, this book also includes material which bridges the gap between undergraduate and graduate requirements. The introduction contains a listing of the principal types of reactors employed in the chemical industry, with diagrams and examples of their use. There is then a brief exploration of the concepts employed in later sections for modelling and sizing reactors, followed by basic information on stoichiometry and thermodynamics, and the kinetics of homogeneous and catalyzed reactions. Subsequent chapters are devoted to reactor sizing and modelling in some simple situations, and more detailed coverage of the design and operation of the principal reactor types.

This book focuses on the chemistry of marine polymers, waterborne polymers, and water-resistant polymers, as well as the special applications of these materials. After the chemistry of marine polymers and their types are discussed, the uses of these polymers are detailed, as well as various analytical and characterization testing methods. The book also emphasizes the polymers that are most environmentally-friendly along with their origin and industrial applications. The polymers from these 3 types serve a variety of industries including medical equipment and devices, outdoor coatings and corrosion protection, food packaging, saltwater and freshwater marine purposes such as marine ropes, boat coatings, pipeline protection, and marine well application, to name just a few.

This is a modern introductory book on sensors, combining underlying theory with bang up to date topics such as nanotechnology. The text is suitable for graduate students and research scientists with little background in analytical chemistry. It is user-friendly, with an accessible theoretical approach of the basic principles, and references for further reading. The book covers up-to-date advances in the sensor field, e.g. nanotechnology and quantum dots. It includes calculation exercises and solutions, and the accompanying website contains Powerpoint slides.

This book contains a series of exercises and problems posed in the subject of green metrics. Essentially it is a "how to" book on evaluating the material efficiency, environmental impact, safety-hazard impact, and energy efficiency of any kind of chemical reaction or synthesis plan. Only the essential green metrics in each of these categories are used. The introduction highlights the hierarchy of metrics used throughout the book, explains the structure of how the book is arranged, how the problems are posed, and how the reader is to use the book. Examples refer to themes according to the headings given in the table of contents and are arranged in a hierarchical order. Key Features: The topics cover fundamentals in chemistry and the chemical industry in a blended fashion A unique text covering the fundamentals of green metrics from materials efficiency and environmental and safety-hazard impact, to new green technologies and more The book will be useful in a range of chemistry courses, from early undergraduate to advanced graduate courses, whether based in lectures, tutorials or laboratory experiments Using an extensive glossary of terms used in green metrics, each chapter has a specified theme where the relevant metrics definitions pertaining to that theme will be given with one or two illustrative worked examples Supplemental web-based downloadable material including extra problems, full solutions, Excel files, ChemDraw files, templates, and exercises

Die Neuauflage halt am bewahrten und anerkannten Konzept der Vorauflage fest: ein Grundlagenwerk zum Einsatz in der universitaren Lehre, aber vor allem ein Nachschlagewerk fur den Beruf zum tieferen Verstandnis der verfahrenstechnischen Zusammenhange. Gegenuber der Vorauflage wurde das Werk allerdings erheblich erweitert sowie durch aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse und ein Kapitel zur konzeptuellen Prozessentwicklung erganzt.

Die Grundverfahren werden auf der Basis der Thermodynamik, der Warme- und Stoffubertragung und der Fluiddynamik ubergreifend dargestellt. Damit erhalt der Praktiker erste Informationen uber die Auswahl, die Auslegung und den Betrieb von Apparaten. Nach einer komprimierten Darstellung wichtiger Grundlagen werden u.a. das Destillieren, die Rektifikation, die Absorption, die Kristallisation und die Adsorption behandelt. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie sich grundlagenorientierte Berechnungsansatze fur fluiddynamische und kinetische Vorgange in bekannten und neuen Apparaten finden lassen."

Jeder produzierende Betrieb steht trotz bereits in der Produktion vorgenommener Umweltschutzmassnahmen vor dem Problem Abluft, Abgase und Abwasser behandeln zu mussen. Die Behandlung von Abwassern ist Thema von Band 4. Die verschiedensten Moeglichkeiten der Abluft-/Abgasbehandlung werden in Band 3 vorgestellt. Zunachst wird beschrieben, wie eine Emissionsanalyse technischer Anlagen durchgefuhrt werden sollte. Danach folgen die Verfahren zur Minderung staubfoermiger Schadstoffemissionen. Die weiteren Kapitel geben die technischen Moeglichkeiten zur Minderung gasfoermiger Schadstoffemissionen, und der abschliessende Beitrag behandelt (praventive) Moeglichkeiten zur Minderung von Schadstoffemissionen als Folge von Explosionen. Fur Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler

Die etwa 100 wichtigsten Begriffe der Warmeubertragung werden erlautert und in Beispielen erklart. Die wichtigsten Berechnungsformeln werden aufgefuhrt, die wichtigsten Definitionen zusammengestellt.
Alles in allem ein rundes Nachschlagewerk, das gerade in der Lehre seinen Stellenwert haben wird. Der lexikalische Aufbau erleichtert die Suche nach den Begriffen, die Beschrankung auf das Wesentliche ermoglicht das schnelle Verstandnis der wichtigen Zusammenhange."