This volume contains an archival record of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Microfluidics Based Microsystems - Fundamentals and App- cations held in Ce ?me-Izmir, Turkey, August 23-September 4, 2009. ASIs are intended to be high-level teaching activity in scientific and technical areas of current concern. In this volume, the reader may find interesting chapters and various microsystems fundamentals and applications. As the world becomes increasingly concerned with terrorism, early - spot detection of terrorist's weapons, particularly bio-weapons agents such as bacteria and viruses are extremely important. NATO Public Diplomacy division, Science for Peace and Security section support research, Advanced Study Institutes and workshops related to security. Keeping this policy of NATO in mind, we made such a proposal on Microsystems for security. We are very happy that leading experts agreed to come and lecture in this important NATO ASI. We will see many examples that will show us Microfluidics usefulness for rapid diagnostics following a bioterrorism attack. For the applications in national security and anti-terrorism, microfluidic system technology must meet the challenges. To develop microsystems for security and to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art assessment of the existing research and applications by treating the subject in considerable depth through lectures from eminent professionals in the field, through discussions and panel sessions are very beneficial for young scientists in the field."

Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines describes the production and characterization of biodiesel. The book also presents current experimental research work in the field, including techniques to reduce biodiesel's high viscosity. Researchers in renewable energy, as well as fuel engineers, will discover a myriad of new ideas and promising possibilities.

Biomimetic sensor technology is based on the use of biomaterials and information processing of a type used in biological systems. This book explores biomimetic sensors that can quantify taste--the electronic tongue--and smell, the electronic nose. The development of these sensors contribute to our understanding of the reception mechanisms in gustatory and olfactory systems. The author, a pioneer in the development of this new technology, begins by describing the principles of measurement and multivariate analysis. He details reception mechanisms in biological systems and several types of biosensors, including enzyme-immobilized membranes, SPR, the quartz resonance oscillator and IC technologies. Dedicated to the development of intelligent sensors and systems, this original volume is an essential resource for engineers working in this vital research area.

Distillation Theory and Its Application to Optimal Design of Separation Units presents a clear, multidimensional geometric representation of distillation theory that is valid for all distillation column types, splits, and mixtures. This representation answers such fundamental questions as: - What are the feasible separation products for a given mixture? - What minimum power is required to separate a given mixture? - What minimum number of trays is necessary to separate a given mixture at a fixed power input? Concepts are reinforced by chapter exercises using free DistillDesigner software, which provides quick and reliable solutions to problems of flowsheet synthesis and to optimal design calculations. This software allows refinement and confirmation of the algorithms of optimal design. This book is intended for students and specialists in the design and operation of separation units in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, wood, petrochemical, oil-refining, and natural gas industries and for software designers.

Recognising the critical need for bringing a handy reference work that deals with the most popular reagents in synthesis to the laboratory of practising organic chemists, the Editors of the acclaimed Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (EROS) have selected the most important and useful reagents employed in contemporary organic synthesis. Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis: Acidic and Basic Reagents, presents a selection of articles on the most fundamental and versatile reagents for effecting organic transformations that were originally included in EROS. In selecting candidate entries for inclusion in this particular collection, the editors adopted a broad set of criteria for defining what exactly constitutes an acidic or basic reagent. Each article contains all of the information found in EROS as well as expanded related reagents listings. Additional new listings of recently published review articles and monographs are included, as well as relevant Organic Syntheses procedures that deal with either the preparations or reactions of the featured reagents. This thorough and comprehensive handbook will prove of widespread appeal.

The catalytic epoxidation of olefins plays an important role in the industrial production of several commodity compounds, as well as in the synthesis of many intermediates, fine chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The scale of production ranges from millions of tons per year to a few grams per year. The diversity of catalysts is large and encompasses all the known categories of catalyst type: homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biological. This book summarizes the current status in these fields concentrating on rates, kinetics, and reaction mechanisms, but also covers broad topics including modeling, computational simulation, process concepts, spectroscopy and new catalyst development. The similarities and distinctions between the different reaction systems are compared, and the latest advances are described.
* Comprehensive listing of epoxide products
* Broad comparison of turnover frequencies of homogeneous, hetergeneous, main-group, biomimetic and biological catalysts
* Analysis of the general strengths and weaknesses of varied catalytic systems
* Detailed description of the mechanisms of reaction for classical and emerging catalysts

This book gives a comprehensive account of the principles and practical methods applicable to transient temperature measurements in engineering and science. Transient temperatures are taken to be in the range from about 200K to 6000K and with timescales from tenths of nanoseconds to tens of seconds. Within these limits is a very large field of combustion and gas dynamics and these are the principle areas which are addressed. Several new experimental and theoretical techniques are introduced and various modes of thermal failure are described. The chapters move from undergraduate material to the latest methods and are designed to be of use to the widest possible range of engineers, scientists, and students working in universities or in chemical or mechanical engineering. Many applications are described. This book is intended for engineers and scientists concerned with measurement of transient temperatures (rapidly changing heating conditions). Mechanical and chemical engineers experimental physicists chemists.

Catalysts are increasingly used by chemists engaged in fine chemical synthesis within both industry and academia. Today, there exists a huge choice of high-tech catalysts, which add enormously to the repertoire of synthetic possibilities. However, catalysts are occasionally capricious, sometimes difficult to use and almost always require both skill and experience in order to achieve optimal results. This series aims to be a practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working in organic and organometallic synthesis.

The series features:

• Tested and validated procedures.

• Authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts.

• Assessments of all types of catalysts.

• Expertise from the Leverhulme Centre for Innovative Catalysis, Liverpool, UK.

The procedure section contains a wide variety of synthetic protocols, such as epoxidations of unsaturated ketones and esters, asymmetric reductions of carbon-oxygen double bonds, asymmetric hydrogenations of carbon-carbon double bonds and other types of reaction. The featured catalysts include a wide range of different materials such as poly-D-leucine, D-fructose-based dioxiranes, oxaborolidine borane, some important titanium and ruthenium complexes as well as baker's yeast. For each reaction there are one or several detailed protocols on how to prepare and employ the various catalysts.

Here is a comprehensive introduction to the highly practical and diverse applications of surfactants within the petroleum industry, detailing their nature, occurrence, physical properties, propagation, and uses. The focus is on the knowledge and practices needed to successfully deal with surfactants in the petroleum production process: in reservoirs, in oil and gas wells, in surface processing operations, and in environmental, health and safety applications. Throughout, important applications of colloid and interface science principles are emphasized and real-world processes and problems are clearly illustrated. The book also includes a comprehensive glossary.

This is the first book to present the fundamentals of nonlinear and mixed-integer optimization. It includes their applications in the important area of process synthesis in chemical engineering. Topics that are unique include the theory and methods for mixed-integer nonlinear optimization. introduction to modelling issues in process synthesis and optimization based approaches in the synthesis and of heat recovery of systems, distillation-based systems, and reactor-based systems. As well as an ideal graduate text this book is designed as a reference for any engineering student or researcher.

This highly readable textbook serves as a concise and engaging primer to the emerging field of antibody engineering and its various applications. It introduces readers to the basic science and molecular structure of antibodies, and explores how to characterize and engineer them. Readers will find an overview of the latest methods in antibody identification, improvement and biochemical engineering. Furthermore, alternative antibody formats and bispecific antibodies are discussed. The book's content is based on lectures for the specializations "Protein Engineering" and "Medical Biotechnology" within the Master's curriculum in "Biotechnology." The lectures have been held at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, in cooperation with the Medical University of Vienna, since 2012 and are continuously adapted to reflect the latest developments in the field. The book addresses Master- and PhD students in biotechnology, molecular biology and immunology, and all those who are interested in antibody engineering.

Das Buch mit zahlreichen Praxisbeispielen befasst sich mit allen wesentlichen Fragen, die f r die Auslegung von Packungskolonnen bei der Rektifikation, Absorption und Strippung (Desorption) unter Vakuum, im Normal- und Druckbereich bis 100 bar, in der Abluft- und Abwassertechnik von Bedeutung sind.

Es wird ein einheitliches, f r beliebige Einbauten geltendes Modell vorgestellt, mit dem die Flutpunktgeschwindigkeit, der Fl ssigkeitsinhalt und der Druckverlust im gesamten Belastungsbereich f r regellose F llk rper, geordnete F llk rperschichten, f r Rohrkolonnen und f r strukturierte Packungen mit unterschiedlicher Neigung der Str mungskan le vorausberechnet werden kann.

Des Weiteren werden Berechnungsunterlagen f r ca. 200 F llk rper und Packungen zusammengestellt. Die zahlreichen Rechenbeispiele - insbesondere f r strukturierte Packungen - erleichtern die Anwendung der abgeleiteten Beziehungen.

Catalytic procedures are clearly the most economical means to effect selective processes in organic synthesis. For the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds, the utilization of enzymes is particularly attractive because of high selectivities and mild, environmentally benign reaction conditions. Taking advantage of advances in molecular biology, unique new enzymes are now readily accessible in quantity with properties that are amenable to modification on demand. This volume brings together leading contributors from the forefront of this exciting technology. In their authoritative and timely reviews they cover the state-of-the-art of biocatalysis from the discovery of novel enzymes - by modern screening, evolutionary or immunological approaches - through immobilization techniques for technical processes, to their use in the asymmetric synthesis of important target compounds.

The fourth edition of Transport Phenomena Fundamentals continues with its streamlined approach to the subject, based on a unified treatment of heat, mass, and momentum transport using a balance equation approach. The new edition includes more worked examples within each chapter and adds confidence-building problems at the end of each chapter. Some numerical solutions are included in an appendix for students to check their comprehension of key concepts. Additional resources online include exercises that can be practiced using a wide range of software programs available for simulating engineering problems, such as, COMSOL (R), Maple (R), Fluent, Aspen, Mathematica, Python and MATLAB (R), lecture notes, and past exams. This edition incorporates a wider range of problems to expand the utility of the text beyond chemical engineering. The text is divided into two parts, which can be used for teaching a two-term course. Part I covers the balance equation in the context of diffusive transport-momentum, energy, mass, and charge. Each chapter adds a term to the balance equation, highlighting that term's effects on the physical behavior of the system and the underlying mathematical description. Chapters familiarize students with modeling and developing mathematical expressions based on the analysis of a control volume, the derivation of the governing differential equations, and the solution to those equations with appropriate boundary conditions. Part II builds on the diffusive transport balance equation by introducing convective transport terms, focusing on partial, rather than ordinary, differential equations. The text describes paring down the full, microscopic equations governing the phenomena to simplify the models and develop engineering solutions, and it introduces macroscopic versions of the balance equations for use where the microscopic approach is either too difficult to solve or would yield much more information that is actually required. The text discusses the momentum, Bernoulli, energy, and species continuity equations, including a brief description of how these equations are applied to heat exchangers, continuous contactors, and chemical reactors. The book introduces the three fundamental transport coefficients: the friction factor, the heat transfer coefficient, and the mass transfer coefficient in the context of boundary layer theory. Laminar flow situations are treated first followed by a discussion of turbulence. The final chapter covers the basics of radiative heat transfer, including concepts such as blackbodies, graybodies, radiation shields, and enclosures.

The five-volume series provides a comprehensive overview of all important aspects of drying technology like computational tools at different scales (Volume 1), modern experimental and analytical techniques (Volume 2), product quality and formulation (Volume 3), energy savings (Volume 4) and process intensification (Volume 5).

Based on high-level cutting-edge results contributed by internationally recognized experts in the various treated fields, this book series is the ultimate reference in the area of industrial drying. Located at the intersection of the two main approaches in modern chemical engineering, product engineering and process systems engineering, the series aims at bringing theory into practice in order to improve the quality of high-value dried products, save energy, and cut the costs of drying processes.

In Volume 1, diverse model types for the drying of products and the design of drying processes (short-cut methods, homogenized, pore network, and continuous thermo-mechanical approaches) are treated, along with computational fluid dynamics, population balances, and process systems simulation tools. Emphasis is put on scale transitions.

Other Volumes and Sets:

Volume 2 - Modern Drying Technology: Experimental Techniques

Volume 2: Comprises experimental methods used in various industries and in research in order to design and control drying processes, measure moisture and moisture distributions, characterize particulate material and the internal micro-structure of dried products, and investigate the behavior of particle systems in drying equipment. Key topics include acoustic levitation, near-infrared spectral imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray tomography, and positron emission tracking.

Volume 3 - Modern Drying Technology: Product Quality and Formulation

Volume 3: Discusses how desired properties of foods, biomaterials, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and fragile aerogels can be preserved during drying, and how spray drying and spray fluidized bed processes can be used for particle formation and formulation. Methods for monitoring product quality, such as process analytical technology, and modeling tools, such as Monte Carlo simulations, discrete particle modeling and neural networks, are presented with real examples from industry and academia.

Volume 4 - Modern Drying Technology: Energy SavingsVolume 4: Deals with the reduction of energy demand in various drying processes and areas, highlighting the following topics: Energy analysis of dryers, efficient solid-liquid separation techniques, osmotic dehydration, heat pump assisted drying, zeolite usage, solar drying, drying and heat treatment for solid wood and other biomass sources, and sludge thermal processing.

Volume 5 - Process Intensification

Volume 5: Dedicated to process intensification by more efficient distribution and flow of the drying medium, foaming, controlled freezing, and the application of superheated steam, infrared radiation, microwaves, power ultrasound and pulsed electric fields. Process efficiency is treated in conjunction with the quality of sensitive products, such as foods, for a variety of hybrid and combined drying processes.

Available in print as 5 Volume Set or as individual volumes. Buy the Set and SAVE 30%

Also available in electronic formats.

Although super-critial fluid (SCF) technology is now widely used in extraction and purification processes (in the petrochemical, food and pharmaceuticals industries), this book is the first to address the new application of cleaning. The objective is to provide a roadmap for readers who want to know whether SCF technology can meet their own processing and cleaning needs. It is particularly helpful to those striving to balance the requirements for a clean product and a clean environment. The interdisciplinary subject matter will appeal to scientists and engineers in all specialties ranging from materials and polymer sciences to chemistry and physics. It is also useful to those developing new processes for other applications, and references given at the end of each chapter provide links to the wider body of SCF literature.

The book is organized with topics progressing from the fundamental nature of the supercritical state, through process conditions and materials interactions, to economic considerations. Practical examples are included to show how the technology has been successfully applied. The first four chapters consider principles governing SCF processing, detailing issues such as solubility, design for cleanability, and the dynamics of particle removal. The next three chapters discuss surfactants and micro-emulsions, SCF interaction with polymers, and the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a cleaning solvent. The closing chapters focus on more practical considerations such as scale-up, equipment costs, and financial analysis.

Many contributors to this book belong to the "Joint Association for the Advancement of SCF Technology" (JAAST). A primary motivation for theformation of JAAST was the growing worldwide need to replace ozone-depleting compounds (ODCs) and smog-forming volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in manufacturing processes. Although aqueous cleaning has been adopted successfully for many applications, water is not a panacea and SCF technology has emerged as a leading alternative.

Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals serves as a comprehensive introduction to the subject for the student and educator, and is useful for researchers who are interested in the technical details of biomass energy production. The coverage and discussion are multidisciplinary, reflecting the many scientific and engineering disciplines involved. The book will appeal to a broad range of energy professionals and specialists, farmers and foresters who are searching for methods of selecting, growing, and converting energy crops, entrepreneurs who are commercializing biomass energy projects, and those involved in designing solid and liquid waste disposal-energy recovery systems.
Key Features
* Presents a graduated treatment from basic principles to the details of specific technologies
* Includes a critical analysis of many biomass energy research and commercialization activities
* Proposes several new technical approaches to improve efficiencies, net energy production, and economics
* Reviews failed projects, as well as successes, and methods for overcoming barriers to commercialization
* Written by a leader in the field with 40 years of educational, research, and commercialization experience

This new edition follows the original format, which combines a detailed case study - the production of phthalic anhydride - with practical advice and comprehensive background information. Guiding the reader through all major aspects of a chemical engineering design, the text includes both the initial technical and economic feasibility study as well as the detailed design stages. Each aspect of the design is illustrated with material from an award-winning student design project.
The book embodies the "learning by doing" approach to design. The student is directed to appropriate information sources and is encouraged to make decisions at each stage of the design process rather than simply following a design method. Thoroughly revised, updated, and expanded, the accompanying text includes developments in important areas and many new references.

An authoritative review of modern sensor technology—essential information for analytical chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists, spectroscopists, and chemical engineers

As sensors begin to realize their commercial and practical potential in fields ranging from the automobile and semiconductor industries to environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics, this timely work offers an important survey of the principles, construction, and applications of the most popular types of chemical and biological sensors in use today.

Principles of Chemical and Biological Sensors brings together a wealth of valuable material in a single source, providing scientists and researchers with a basic grasp of the latest developments in this area, as well as information on trends and future directions.

Coverage includes:

• Amperometric, modified, potentiometric, and voltammetric electrodes
• Optrodes and direct spectroscopic methods
• Enzyme and antibody based biosensors
• Processing signals from sensors
• Miniaturization of sensors
• Sensor arrays and intelligent sensing systems

Principles of Chemical and Biological Sensors is an essential reference for scientists in research and industry aiming to make optimum use of these cutting-edge devices in their work.

Spurred by a dramatic increase in R&D support over the last twenty years, sensors are poised for a revolution similar to the one seen in microcomputers in the late 1980s. Matching enhanced performance with lower cost, new generations of sensing devices promise to gain a firm footing in many different areas, from environmental regulation to manufacturing and other industries.

Principles of Chemical and Biological Sensors offers a state-of-the-art look at the principles and applications of the most popular sensors available today, coupled with an exploration of potential directions and developments for the future of this dynamic field. From amperometric, potentiometric, and voltammetric electrodes to smart sensors, digital filtering, and more, this useful volume contains essential information across a range of sensor types and functions. Topics covered include:

• Ion-selective electrodes and optrodes
• Amperometric methods of detection
• Biomaterials for biosensors
• Optical chemical sensors
• Miniaturized chemical sensors
• Sensor signal processing

Expertly balancing breadth and depth of coverage within a single, easy-to-use resource, Principles of Chemical and Biological Sensors is essential reading for analytical chemists, biochemists, chemical engineers, and others who will benefit from the tremendous strides being made in sensor research and technology today.

This multi-authored handbook is a unique cross-industry resource for formulators and compounders, and an invaluable reference for the producers of formulated commodities and industrial minerals. Monographs on each of the common functional industrial minerals-asbestos, barite, calcium carbonate, diatomite, feldspar, gypsum, hormite, kaolin, mica, nepheline syenite, perlite, pyrophyllite, silica, smectite, talc, vermiculite, wollastonite, and zeolite include an overview of natural and commercial varieties, market size, and application areas. These are supported by descriptions of mineral structures, and the wedding of minerals and chemicals through mineral surface modification.

This orientation to the minerals and their uses forms the foundation for chapters where they are presented in the context of the overall technology of various consuming industries. Each of these industry-specific presentations covers both the chemical and mineral raw materials used by the formulator, how these are combined, and relevant test methods. These chapters serve a dual purpose. Each clarifies for technologists the function and value of the mineral constituents of their products. Equally important, they provide a primer on the technology of industries other than their own, so that raw material, formulation, processing and testing considerations can be compared and contrasted.

The book concludes with a formulary demonstrating how specific mineral and chemical ingredients are actually compounded in major application areas, and technical data on scores of commercial mineral products.

Industrial and Process Furnaces: Principles, Design and Operation, Third Editioncontinues to provide comprehensive coverage on all aspects of furnace operation and design, including topics essential for process engineers and operators to better understand furnaces. New to this edition are sections on production, handling and utilization of alternative fuels such as biomass, hydrogen and various wastes, modeling of the process, combustion and heat transfer, their benefits, advantages and limitations, mitigation and removal of CO2 , the role of solar and other renewable energy, recent research, and the practical approach of the Whyalla steelworks for harnessing solar energy for sustainable steelmaking, hydrogen and as a "clean fuel". The book also includes a discussion on the limitations of hydrogen supply owing to fresh water supply constraints, the difficulty of storing and transporting hydrogen, and the current sociopolitical impetus of CO2.

Intended primarily for undergraduate chemical-engineering students, this book also includes material which bridges the gap between undergraduate and graduate requirements. The introduction contains a listing of the principal types of reactors employed in the chemical industry, with diagrams and examples of their use. There is then a brief exploration of the concepts employed in later sections for modelling and sizing reactors, followed by basic information on stoichiometry and thermodynamics, and the kinetics of homogeneous and catalyzed reactions. Subsequent chapters are devoted to reactor sizing and modelling in some simple situations, and more detailed coverage of the design and operation of the principal reactor types.