High pressure technology is used so extensively that it is almost impossible to catalogue the manyways in which our lives are enhanced by it. From pneumatic tires and household water supplies tomaterials such as crystals, plastics, and even synthetic diamond, there are countless materialsfabricated or shaped using high pressure technology. High Pressure Technology (in two volumes)presents the most up-to-date information available on the main features of this broad technology andthe processes which utilize it.Volume I: Equipment Design, Materials, and Properties covers three broad areas: the general operationof high pressure systems, including standard operating procedures and safety codes and measures;the technology of high pressure systems, such as components, vessel design, and materials of construction;and applied science at high pressure, including the properties of fluids and solids andmechanical properties. Volume II: Applications and Processes covers processes at high pressure andencompasses such topics as: catalytic chemical synthesis; polymerization; phase changes; criticalphenomena; liquefaction of gases; synthesis of single-crystal materials, diamond, and superhardmaterials; isostatic compacting; isostatic hot-pressing; hydrostatic forming of metals; hydraulic cutting;and applications of shock techniques.Written by recognized authorities in industry, government laboratories, and universities, High PressureTechnology is essential reading for the industrial practitioner, high pressure engineer, and researchscientist. In addition, it is a valuable textbook for students in mechanical, chemical, and materialsengineering courses.

Advanced composite materials have been a major research focus for the past forty years. As a reinforcement for conventional materials including glass, ceramics and polymers, carbon has proved to be the most successful. Carbon gives these materials flexibility so that they may be produced in bulk form with a wide variety of properties. Whereas carbon/carbon composites are the most effective materials in extreme temperature conditions. Application ranges from brakes to missile nose cones. Carbon Reinforcements and Carbon/Carbon Composites gives the present state on this subject in comprehensive form, as well as projections for other "High Tech" materials and their application.

Geraldine Masson, Luc Neuville ? Carine Bughin ? Aude Fayol ? Jieping Zhu Multicomponent Syntheses of Macrocycles Thomas J.J. Muller Palladium-Copper Catalyzed Alkyne Activation as an Entry to Multicomponent Syntheses of Heterocycles Rachel Scheffelaar ? Eelco Ruijter ? Romano V.A. Orru Multicomponent Reaction Design Strategies: Towards Scaffold and Stereochemical Diversity Nicola Kielland ? Rodolfo Lavilla Recent Developments in Reissert-Type Multicomponent Reactions Jitender B. Bariwal ? Jalpa C. Trivedi ? Erik V. Van der Eycken Microwave Irradiation and Multicomponent Reactions Irini Akritopoulou-Zanze ? Stevan W. Djuric Applications of MCR-Derived Heterocycles in Drug Discovery

CONTENTS - PREFACE - 1. MODERN BOILERS - Classification of Boilers, Fire-tube or Shell Type Boilers, Lancashire Boiler, Economic Boiler, Vertical Fire-tube Boiler, Packaged Boiler, Water-tube Boilers, Comparison of Fire-tube and Water-tube Boilers, Waste Heat Boilers, Hot Water Boilers, Rating of Sectional Boilers, Heat Transference Within a Boiler - 2. BOILER AUXILIARIES - Mountings and Fittings for a Steam Boiler, Boiler Feed Apparatus, Feed Water Regulators, Economisers and Air Heaters, Superheaters, Soot Blowers, Mountings and Fittings for Hot Water Boilers - 3. WATER TREATMENT - Impurities Present in Water, Object of Water Treatment, Temporary or Alkaline Hardness, Permanent or Non-Alkaline Hardness, Units of Hardness, Tests for Hardness, Effect of Scale, Removal of Scale, Corrosion, pH Significance, pH Determination, Caustic Embrittlement, Methods of Treating Water for Removal of Salts, Oil and Grease Removal from Water, Boiler Foaming and Priming, Blow-down, Blowdown Removal, Blow-down Quantity - 4. FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF STEAM - Stages in the Formation of Steam, Sensible Heat, Latent Heat, Dryness Fraction, Superheat, Volume of Dry Steam, Volume of Wet Steam, Entropy, Steam Calorimeters - 5. FUELS - Available Fuels, Definition of Terms Used, Solid Fuels, Peat, Coal, Preparation of Coal for the Market, Storage of Coal, Sampling of Coal, Classification of Coal, Coke, Liquid Fuels, Grades of Petroleum Oil Available, Delivery of Fuel Oils, Storage of Fuel Oils, Oil Pre-heaters, Filters, Coal Tar Oils, Definition and Grades Available, Gaseous Fuels, Types Available - 6. COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS - Elements and Compounds, Symbols, Atomic and Molecular Weights, Chemical Equations, Avogadro's Law, Density of a Gas, Composition of Air, Theoretical or Minimum Air, Excess Air, Calorific Value of a Fuel, Products of Combustion - 7. FUEL AND FLUE GAS TESTING - Bomb Calorimeter, Gas Calorimeter, Proximate Analysis of Coal, Viscosity. Determination of Viscosity, Redwood Viscometer, Flash-Point- Abel and Pensky-Martens Apparatus, Flue Gas Analysis and C02 Determination, Orsat Apparatus and Fyrite Indicator - 8. DRAUGHT - Object of Draught, Factors Determining the Amount of Draught Necessary, Natural Draught, Calculations in Connection with Draught Determination and Chimney Sizing, Mechanically Produced Draught, Induced Draught Systems, Forced Draught Systems, Balanced Draught Systems, Fan Power, Draught Stabilizers, Draught Measurement - 9. COMBUSTION IN PRACTICE: SOLID FUELS - Burning of Solid Fuels, Coal Firing, Coke Firing, Banking of Hand-fired Boilers, Mechanical Stoking, Over-feed Mechanical Stokers, Underfeed Mechanical Stokers, Gravity Feed or Magazine Boilers, Pulverized Fuel Firing - 10. COMBUSTION IN PRACTICE: LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS - In Burning of Oil, Types of Burners, Pressure Jet Burner, High Pressure Burner, Medium Pressure Air Burner, Low Pressure Air Burner, Mechanically Operated Burners, Vaporizing Burners, Controls, Manual, Semi-Automatic and Fully Automatic, Ignition, Coal Tar Fuel Oils, Burning of Gaseous Fuels, Comparison of Fuels - 11. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION - Definition of Smoke, Effects of Atmospheric Pollution, Smoke Formation, Smoke Prevention, Grit and Dust Emission, Law in Connection with Smoke, Smoke Detection and Measurement of its Density, Grit Arrestors - 12. BOILER EFFICIENCY AND TESTING - Boiler Efficiency Calculations, Equivalent Evaporation, Heat Balance Sheets, Boiler House Log Sheets and Maintenance Schedules, Boiler House Instruments, Boiler Inspection and Insurance - ADDITIONAL READING - INDEX -

Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering is an excellent introduction into the areas of electricity, electronic devices and electrochemistry. The book covers aspects of electrical science including Ohm and Kirkoff's laws, P-N junctions, semiconductors, circuit diagrams, magnetic fields, electrochemistry, and devices such as DC motors. This text is useful for students of electrical, chemical, materials, and mechanical engineering.

Recent Developments in Bioenergy Research reviews all these topics, reports recent research findings, and presents potential solutions to challenging issues. The book consolidates the most recent research on the (bio)technologies, concepts and commercial developments that are currently in progress on different types of widely-used biofuels and integrated biorefineries across biochemistry, biotechnology, biochemical engineering and microbiology. Chapters include very recent/emerging topics, such as non-ionic and ionic liquids/surfactants for enhancement of lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and lignocellulose biomass as a rich source of bio-ionic liquids. The book is a useful source of information for those working in the area of- industrial wastewater treatment and microbial fuel cells, but is also a great resource for senior undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, professionals, biochemical engineers and other interested individuals/groups working in the field of biofuel/bioenergy.

Nanomaterials in Diagnostic Tools and Devices provides a complete overview of the significance of nanomaterials in fabricating selective and performance enhanced nanodevices. It is an interdisciplinary reference that includes contributing subjects from nanomaterials, biosensors, materials science, biomedical instrumentation and medicinal chemistry. This book is authored by experts in the field of nanomaterial synthesis, modeling, and biosensor applications, and provides insight to readers working in various science fields on the latest advancements in smart and miniaturized nanodevices. These devices enable convenient real-time diagnosis of diseases at clinics rather than laboratories, and include implantable devices that cause less irritation and have improved functionality. Research in the field of nanomaterials is growing rapidly, creating a significant impact across different science disciplines and nanotechnology industries. This synthesis and modeling of nanomaterials has led to many technology breakthroughs and applications, especially in medical science.

New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Trends of Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture and Biomedicine Systems: Perspectives for Human Health discusses how microbial biotechnology helps us understand new strategies to reduce pathogens and drug resistance through microbial biotechnology. The most commonly used probiotic bacteria are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Therefore, the probiotic strains exhibit powerful anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and other important properties. This new book provides an indispensable reference source for engineers/bioengineers, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, pharmacologists, and researchers who want to know about the unique properties of this microbe and explore its sustainable biomedicine future applications.

Biomarker discovery is an important area of biomedical research that may lead to significant breakthroughs in disease analysis and targeted therapy. Biomarkers are biological entities whose alterations are measurable and are characteristic of a particular biological condition. Discovering, managing, and interpreting knowledge of new biomarkers are challenging and attractive problems in the emerging field of biomedical informatics. This volume is a collection of state-of-the-art research into the application of data mining to the discovery and analysis of new biomarkers. Presenting new results, models and algorithms, the included contributions focus on biomarker data integration, information retrieval methods, and statistical machine learning techniques. This volume is intended for students, and researchers in bioinformatics, proteomics, and genomics, as well engineers and applied scientists interested in the interdisciplinary application of data mining techniques.

New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Trends of Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture and Biomedicine Systems: Diversity and Functional Perspectives describes how specific techniques can be used to generalize the metabolism of bacteria that optimize biologic improvement strategies and bio-transport processes. Microbial biotechnology focuses on microbes of agricultural, environmental, industrial, and clinical significance. This volume discusses several methods based on molecular genetics, systems, and biology of synthetic, genomic, proteomic, and metagenomics. Recent developments in our understanding of the role of microbes in sustainable agriculture and biotechnology have created a highly potential research area. The soil and plant microbiomes have a significant role in plant growth promotion, crop yield, soil health and fertility for sustainable developments. The microbes provide nutrients and stimulate plant growth through different mechanisms, including solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc; biological nitrogen fixation; production of siderophore, ammonia, HCN and other secondary metabolites which are antagonistic against pathogenic microbes. This new book provides an indispensable reference source for engineers/bioengineers, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, agrochemists, and researchers who want to know about the unique properties of this microbe and explore its sustainable agriculture future applications.

New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Recent Advances in Application of Fungi and Fungal Metabolites: Environmental and Industrial Aspects provides a comprehensive overview of recent development and applied aspects of fungi and its metabolites in environmental and industrial settings. Fungi and fungal metabolites have great prospects for developing new products in a wide range of sectors. Many fungal metabolites are environmentally friendly, clean, non-toxic agents used for environmental management practices. This book offers a systems approach and provides a means to share the latest developments and advances about the exploitation of fungal products, including their vide uses in the field of environment and industry.

This book deals with the state-of-the-art of physical security knowledge and research in the chemical and process industries. Legislation differences between Europe and the USA are investigated, followed by an overview of the how, what and why of contemporary security risk assessment in this particular industrial sector. Innovative solutions such as attractiveness calculations and the use of game theory, advancing the present science of adversarial risk analysis, are discussed. The book further stands up for developing and employing dynamic security risk assessments, for instance based on Bayesian networks, and using OR methods to truly move security forward in the chemical and process industries.

Separation and characterization of materials is an essential step in the advancement of science and technology. The need for separation and characterization could arise from wishes to obtain purified samples with less contaminants, requirements for quality control of materials for downstream applications, or needs to identify structures and conformations of active species present in the applications. The types of materials encountered in applications are diverse, from synthetic polymers and biological derived biopolymers to micro or submicro particles and various conjugated or self-assembled nanomaterials. This makes the task of separation and characterization challenging. There is no one-size-fits-all approach. Scientists, whether working in academia or in industries, are constantly facing new challenges. Communication between scientists is essential for keeping each other updated on developments in the field. This was the motivation for organizing the symposium on "Recent Progress in Separation of Macromolecules and Particulates" at the 2017 Spring National American Chemical Society (ACS) Meeting in San Francisco. Symposiums based on such a theme have been organized several times in ACS meetings as well as in other settings, but no such symposium books have been published. Hence, the editors decided to put together this symposium book, based on the talks presented at the symposium, in the hope that knowledge shared at the meeting can be shared more broadly within the community and beyond.

Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Membrane Applications in Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering reports on membrane applications in the field of biomedical engineering, ranging from artificial organs, to tissue engineering. The book offers a comprehensive review of all the current scientific developments and various applications of membranes in this area. It is a key reference text for R&D managers in industry who are interested in the development of artificial and bioartificial organs, as well as academic researchers and postgraduate students working in the wider area of artificial organs and tissue engineering.

It is well known that the world is becoming increasingly globalized. Globalization implies the continual movement of people, money, products, technology, and information across national boundaries over time. This movement can have a huge impact on communication, jobs, business, politics, and technology. Not surprisingly, globalization has generated both challenges and opportunities for the chemistry enterprise. This book focuses on the transnational opportunties for the global chemistry enterprise. The book is divided into two sections: 1) Transnational Study, Research and Careers, and 2) International Entrepreneurship. Because the emphasis of this book is on internationalization and globalization, anyone interested in the global aspects of the chemistry enterprise will find the book useful. The topics include future chemistry curriculum, global preparedness of students, international education exchange and research opportunities, study-abroad programs, and international research collaborations.

The Separable Galois Theory of Commutative Rings, Second Edition provides a complete and self-contained account of the Galois theory of commutative rings from the viewpoint of categorical classification theorems and using solely the techniques of commutative algebra. Along with updating nearly every result and explanation, this edition contains a new chapter on the theory of separable algebras. The book develops the notion of commutative separable algebra over a given commutative ring and explains how to construct an equivalent category of profinite spaces on which a profinite groupoid acts. It explores how the connection between the categories depends on the construction of a suitable separable closure of the given ring, which in turn depends on certain notions in profinite topology. The book also discusses how to handle rings with infinitely many idempotents using profinite topological spaces and other methods.

"Guidelines for Vapor Release Mitigation" is a survey of current industrial practice for controlling accidental releases of hazardous vapors and preventing their escape from the source area.

Beads made from Egyptian faience have been excavated from grave deposits (c. 4000-3100 BC), together with beads of glazed steatite (a soft rock) and of se- precious stones such as turquoise, carnelian, quartz, and lapis lazuli. Information on these and many more ancient beads used for ornaments and jewelry, ritual ceremonies, as art artifacts and gifts for amorous women throughout history, and descriptions of the raw materials (e. g. , glass, bone, precious and other stones) and manufacturing technologies used for their production can be located in many references. Many books are devoted to the description of beads that are not of water-soluble polymer origin, techniques for their production, their art, value, and distribution, re?ecting the wealth of information existing in this ?eld of science and art. On the other hand, there are no books fully devoted to the fascinating topic of hydrocolloid (polymeric) beads and their unique applications. A few books c- tain scattered chapters and details on such topics, while emphasizing the possibility of locating fragments of information elsewhere; however, again, there is no book that is solely devoted to hydrocolloid beads and their versatile applications. In the meantime, the use of water-soluble hydrocolloid beads is on the rise in many ?elds, making a book that covers both past and novel applications of such beads, as well as their properties and ways in which to manipulate them, crucial.

Compostable Polymer Materials, Second Edition, deals with the environmentally important family of polymers designed to be disposed of in industrial and municipal compost facilities after their useful life. These compostable plastics undergo degradation and leave no visible, distinguishable, or toxic residue. Environmental concerns and legislative measures taken in different regions of the world make composting an increasingly attractive route for the disposal of redundant polymers. This book covers the entire spectrum of preparation, degradation, and evironmental issues related to compostable polymers. It emphasizes recent studies concerning compostability and ecotoxilogical assessment of polymer materials. It descibes the thermal behavior, including flammability properties, of compostable polymers. It also explores possible routes of compostable polymers waste disposal through an ecological lens. Finally, the book examines the economic factors at work, including price evolution over the past decade, the current market, and future perspectives. Compostable Polymer Materials is an essential resource for graduate students and scientists working in chemistry, materials science, ecology, and environmental science.

The Handbook of Carbohydrate Engineering provides an overview of the basic science, theory, methods, and applications of this broad, interdisciplinary field. The text provides background information along with practical knowledge for current and future research methodologies used in the characterization and synthesis of various carbohydrates. This multidisciplinary perspective involves aspects of basic biology, synthetic chemistry, enzymology, complex instrumentation, and sophisticated modeling. The book presents the fundamentals of carbohydrate engineering, addressing concepts in structure, biosynthesis, and biological functions for a variety of carbohydrates with a particular emphasis on mammalian glycoproteins and their N-linked oligosaccharides, glycolipids, sialic acid, as well as polysaccharides from both eukaryotes and bacteria. It describes glycosylation processes found in nature and surveys methods to manipulate these metabolic systems in living cells both for the improved production of carbohydrates and to give these molecules novel properties. Subsequent sections discuss the various methods of purification, synthesis, modification, and analysis used to create and manipulate carbohydrates in the laboratory; these approaches include chemical-enzymatic synthesis, small-molecule cell-based strategies, as well as complete chemical synthesis. The Handbook of Carbohydrate Engineering also focuses on practical applications for carbohydrates. It emphasizes methods to characterize glycosylation pathways and expounds upon the role of carbohydrates in health and disease, a significant - and rapidly growing - area of research. World-renowned experts discuss biomedical applications, including the development of vaccines, therapeutics, glycomimetics, antibody engineering, drug delivery, tissue engineering and organ regeneration, and diagnostic agents. Several chapters also cover important applications in agriculture, industry, food technology, and envir

First published in 1993, Coagulation and Flocculation is a practical reference for the researchers in the field of the stabilization and destabilization of fine solid dispersions. By omitting chapters that remained unchanged from the first edition, the editors of this second edition completely update, rewrite, and expand upon all chapters to reflect a decade of the latest advances in both theoretical and application aspects of the field. The authors provide expanded material that includes dissociation from a solid surface with independent sites; improvements to the Gouy-Chapman model; electrical double layer, surface ionization, and surface heterogeneity; thin liquid films and modeling of a semi-batch process using microprocesses probabilities; and clay mineral intracrystalline reactions, applications, and gelation. New chapters cover homopolymers and their effect on colloid stability, including never before published figures and equations; the stability of suspensions in the presence of surfactants, polymers, and mixtures; and the flocculation and dewatering of fine-particle suspensions, emphasizing floc formation, growth, structure, and applications. The second edition of Coagulation and Flocculation effectively captures both the theoretical and application aspects of the latest advances in the evolving field of solid dispersions, suspensions, and mixtures.

The book is the first thorough study of the role of phosphorus chemistry in the origin of life. This book starts with depiction of the phosphorus role in life creation and evolution. Then it outlines in vital processes how different phosphorus-containing compounds participate as biomarker in life evolution. Written by renowned scientists, it is suitable for researchers and students in organic phosphorus chemistry and biochemistry.

From disease marker identification to accelerated drug development, Protein Arrays, Biochips, and Proteomics offers a detailed overview of current and emerging trends in the field of array-based proteomics. This reference focuses on innovations in protein microarrays and biochips, mass spectrometry, high-throughput protein expression, protein-protein interactions, structural proteomics, and the proteomic marketplace for comprehensive understanding of past, present, and future proteomic research. Offering an abundance of figures and charts, the book compiles a wide variety of technologies and applications ranging from functionalized chip surfaces to strategies for protein expression.

This book showcases the state of the art in the field of sensors and microsystems, revealing the impressive potential of novel methodologies and technologies. It covers a broad range of aspects, including: bio-, physical and chemical sensors; actuators; micro- and nano-structured materials; mechanisms of interaction and signal transduction; polymers and biomaterials; sensor electronics and instrumentation; analytical microsystems, recognition systems and signal analysis; and sensor networks, as well as manufacturing technologies, environmental, food and biomedical applications. The book gathers a selection of papers presented at the 19th AISEM National Conference on Sensors and Microsystems. Held in Lecce, Italy in February 2017, the event brought together researchers, end users, technology teams and policy makers.