Oxygen Responses, Reactivities, and Measurements in Biosystems meets the pressing needs of the twentieth-century biotechnological and bioengineering sciences in covering oxic reactions and oxygen transport phenomena in a single book. This book is intended for teaching senior or graduate level courses and as a self-study text for practicing biochemical and chemical engineers, biotechnologists, applied and industrial microbiologists, cell biologists, scientists involved in oxygen-free radical research, and others in related fields. The text includes thought-provoking numerical problems and short questions, conventional biochemical engineering approaches and related concepts with mathematical formulations and analysis, concepts of cell biology, basic microbiology and applied biochemistry in oxy radical research, practical approaches for the development of laboratory experiments and industrial design, and an introduction of oxygen-free radical chemistry to biotechnology and bioengineering.

This volume provides an overview of the applications of modern solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to the study of catalysts, catalytic processes, species adsorbed on catalysts and systems relevant to heterogeneous catalysis. It characterizes the structure of catalytic materials and surfaces.

This work presents a compilation of technical papers and poster synopses delivered at the 14th Conference on Catalysis of Organic Reactions. The book investigates current developments in the study of catalysis as it relates to organic synthesis, detailing industrial applications. It suggests cost-effective routes for the synthesis of valuable industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals.

This revised and expanded single-source reference analyzes all compounding material classes of dry rubber compounds, such as carbon blacks, platicizers and age resisters, integrating detailed information on how elastomers are built up. The work provides practical compounding tips on how to avoid oil or antioxidant bloom, how to adjust electrical conductivity and how to meet volume swell requirements.;This second edition: provides material on government regulations regarding rubber waste; presents current insights into the fast-growing polymer technology of thermoplastic elastomers; discusses the ramifications of the commercial availability of epoxidized natural rubber; and offers a comprehensive tabular chart on the properties of polymers.

Contents:
Introductory Concepts; Theoretical Basis of the Process of Atomization; Parameters of Atomized Liquid; Design of Atomizers; Experimental Results; Experimental Techniques and Measuring Devices.

This volume provides an update on recent developments in computer-aided design and modeling of catalysts for a variety of important industrial applications. Key hurdles in catalyst design are different for each application: the modeling frontiers for methane partial oxidation, automotive catalysis,

Presents current methods for controlling air pollution generated at stationary industrial sources and provides complete coverage of control options, equipment and techniques. The main focus of the book is on practical solutions to air pollution problems.

Striking a balance between basic chemistry and chemical engineering, this up-to-date reference discusses important aspects of acetic acid and its major derivatives, including chemistry, methods of preparation and manufacture, and synthesis, as well as current and emerging downstream technologies.;The book provides comprehensive physical property data for compounds and their separation, including acetic acid-water separation. Describing five categories of techniques for the manufacture of acetic acid, it: examines thermophysical properties and aqueous solutions, with detailed explanations of mathematical models and correlations; supplies a critical analysis of property; outlines manufacturing costs and related economic factors; reviews the applications of acetic acid and derivatives; covers the chemistry and preparation of the derivatives; elucidates recent topics such as deicers, esters and new esterification technologies.

The ability to predict the behavior of fermentation systems enhances the possibility of optimizing their performance. Mathematical equations of model systems represent a tool for this and the most recent advances in computer hardware and software have made the approach more effective than previous simplistic attempts. The current knowledge of biochemical microbial pathways and the experience in optimization of chemical reactors combined with extremely powerful and accessible computers, loaded with easy to use software and mathematical routines, are changing the way processes are being developed and operated.

This book has been written for all those who work with microbial cultures, providing a useful, quick and contemporary re-education for practitioners and students alike, breaking through interdisciplinary barriers. Biologists, engineers and biochemists will benefit from the methods of microbial process description and optimization based on mathematical equations. The basic techniques of modeling the bio-system are summarized in Part I. The useful concept of mass balancing is introduced in Part II for those who are not used to this simple and very useful engineering tool. An extensive and descriptive case study of a selected fermentation bio-process in Part III elucidates further the concepts of very pragmatic mathematical modeling of bioreactor systems.

The volume outlines how to simply develop mathematical models of microbial systems and demonstrates their power to: guide and minimize the experimental work; check the consistency of experimental results; predict the behavior of the bio-system and analyze biocatalytic processes; diagnose the anomalies in the microbial culture behavior and optimize the performance of bioreactors.

Covers the fundamentals of organic chemistry Includes a test yourself section with answers and complete explanations at the end of each chapter Provides bibliographies for further reading, as well as numerous graphs, charts, and examples Discusses all critical topics of organic chemistry including conformations, acids and bases and more Presents renowned author's classroom experiences

Contributors from European and US universities and corporations review recent developments in the integration of downstream processing and bioconversion, describing their experience with many separation technologies, including some still in the experimental stage. The topics include the construction

Das einzige Lehrbuch, nun in der 2. Auflage, das die Thermodynamik auf praktische Probleme der Verfahrenstechnik anwendet, unzahlige Beispiele mit Loesungen, Schatzmethoden zu thermophysikalischen Eigenschaften usw. prasentiert.Auch fur Ingenieure bei Chemiefirmen von Interesse.

"Written by engineers for engineers (with over 150 International Editorial Advisory Board members),this highly lauded resource provides up-to-the-minute information on the chemical processes, methods, practices, products, and standards in the chemical, and related, industries. "

This book bridges the gap between theory and practice. It provides fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis and the practicalities of the catalysts and processes used in producing ammonia, hydrogen and methanol via hydrocarbon steam reforming. It also covers the oxidation reactions in making formaldehyde from methanol, nitric acid from ammonia and sulphuric acid from sulphur dioxide. Designed for use in the chemical industry and by those in teaching, research and the study of industrial catalysts and catalytic processes. Students will also find this book extremely useful for obtaining practical information not available in more conventional textbooks.

A complete overview and considerations in process equipment design Handling and storage of large quantities of materials is crucial to the chemical engineering of a wide variety of products. Process Equipment Design explores in great detail the design and construction of the containers - or vessels - required to perform any given task within this field. The book provides an introduction to the factors that influence the design of vessels and the various types of vessels, which are typically classified according to their geometry. The text then delves into design and other considerations for the construction of each type of vessel, providing in the process a complete overview of process equipment design.

CONTENTS - 1. SPECIAL REAGENTS - 2. INGOT COPPER - Copper; Lead and Iron; Bismuth; Antimony and Arsenic; Sulfur - 3. BRASSES AND BRONZES - Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Tin, Nickel, and Iron in Brasses and Bronzes with Less than 0.3% Iron and No Manganese; Zinc; Phosphorus; Antimony; Sulfur; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Tin, Manganese, Nickel, Iron, and Aluminum in Manganese Bronzes; Zinc; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Tin, Manganese, Iron, and Aluminum in Copper-Nickel Alloys; Nickel; Zinc; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Iron, Nickel, and Manganese in Silicon Bronzes; Silicon and Tin; Aluminum; Phosphorus; Zinc; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Tin, Manganese, Nickel, and Iron in Copper-Beryllium Alloys; Cobalt; Silicon and Beryllium; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Iron, Nickel, Manganese, and Zinc in Copper-Arsenic Alloys; Aluminum; Silicon and Tin; Phosphorus; Arsenic - 4. MONEL METAL AND NICKEL METAL - Sequence Procedure for Silicon, Copper, Manganese, Iron, Aluminum, and Cobalt; Sulfur; Chromium; Titanium - 5. ALUMINUM ALLOYS - Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Manganese, Iron, and Nickel; Copper in Separate Sample; Iron in Separate Sample; Zinc; Silicon; Magnesium; Titanium; Chromium; Tin; Copper, Lead, and Bismuth - 6. MAGNESIUM ALLOYS - Aluminum by the Succinate Method; Aluminum Colorimetrically; Zinc (over 1.5%) Electrolytically; Zinc (Less than 1.5%) by H28-ZnO Method; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Iron, and Nickel; Silicon; Manganese; Tin - 7. ZINC METAL (SPELTER) - Sequence Procedure for Tin, Copper, Lead, Iron, and Aluminum; Cadmium - 8. ZINC-BASE DIE-CASTING ALLOYS - Sequence Procedure for Tin, Copper, Lead, and Iron; Cadmium; Aluminum Colorimetrically; Aluminum and Magnesium by Mercury-Cathode Method - 9. CADMIUM METAL - Cadmium; Sequence Procedure for Tin, Lead, Iron, and Aluminum; Sequence Procedure for Silver, Copper, and Bismuth; Arsenic and Antimony; Zinc - 10. TIN METAL - Sequence Procedure for Bismuth, Copper, Lead, Iron and Zinc; Antimony; Arsenic - 11. LEAD METAL - Sequence Procedure for Tin, Silver, Iron, Bismuth and Copper; Antimony and Arsenic; Zinc - 12. LEAD-BASE BEARING METAL - Lead; Tin; Antimony; Arsenic; Copper; Bismuth; Iron - 13. TIN-BASE BEARING METAL - Tin; Antimony; Arsenic; Lead; Copper; Bismuth; Iron - 14. LEAD-TIN SOLDERS - Determination of Flux (Rosin Core); Determination of Flux (Zinc Chloride Core); Lead; Tin; Antimony; Arsenic; Copper; Bismuth; Iron - 15. SILVER SOLDERS - Sequence Procedure for Silver, Copper, Cadmium and Zinc; Sequence Procedure for Tin, Lead, Iron, and Nickel - 16. FUSIBLE BISMUTH ALLOYS - Sequence Procedure for Bismuth, Lead, and Cadmium - Index -

This is an interdisciplinary book for biomimetic nanotechnology, that correlates the biology on the molecular scale with nanotechnology mimicking human senses and movement. The introduction provides the background in life science, chemistry, material science, and engineering needed to understand sensors and movement on the molecular level. The chapters discuss human movement, vision, smell and taste, hearing, and touch. Each chapter explains the sense or movement on the molecular level, then discusses nanotechnology that uses the human molecules or mimics the function of the human sense and movement on the nanoscale. This is an excellent book for senior undergraduates and graduate students in the life sciences, chemistry, material sciences, and engineering. It will also appeal to any reader with an interest in life sciences and nanotechnology.

This book gives an introduction to molecular biophysics. It starts from material properties at equilibrium related to polymers, dielectrics and membranes. Electronic spectra are developed for the understanding of elementary dynamic processes in photosynthesis including proton transfer and dynamics of molecular motors. Since the molecular structures of functional groups of bio-systems were resolved, it has become feasible to develop a theory based on the quantum theory and statistical physics with emphasis on the specifics of the high complexity of bio-systems. This introduction to molecular aspects of the field focuses on solvable models. Elementary biological processes provide as special challenge the presence of partial disorder in the structure which does not destroy the basic reproducibility of the processes. Apparently the elementary molecular processes are organized in a way to optimize the efficiency. Learning from nature by means exploring the relation between structure and function may even help to build better artificial solar cells. The reader is exposed to basic concepts in modern biophysics, such as entropic forces, phase separation, potential of mean force, electron and proton transfer, heterogeneous reactions, coherent and incoherent energy transfer as well as molecular motors. Basic knowledge in classical and Quantum mechanics, electrostatics and statistical physics is desirable. Simplified models are presented which can be solved in limited cases analytically from the guiding lines to generate the basis for a fundamental understanding of the more complex biophysical systems. Chapters close with challenging problems whose solutions are provided at the end of the book to complete the pedagogical treatment in the book. To the second edition several new chapters were added. The medium polarization is treated self-consistently using basic elements of polaron theory and more advanced nonlinear Schroedinger equations to describe the dynamics of solvation. Ion transport through a membrane was extended by the discussion of cooperative effects. Intramolecular transitions are now discussed in the new edition in much more detail, including also radiationless transitions. Very recent developments in spectroscopy are included, especially two-dimensional and hole-burning spectroscopy. The discussion of charge transfer processes was extended by including recent results of hole transfer in DNA in connection with the super-exchange mechanism. The chapter on molecular motors was rewritten to include the most recent developments of new models. The book is a useful text for students and researchers wanting to go through the mathematical derivations in the theories presented. This book attracts a group of applied mathematically oriented students and scholars to the exciting field of molecular biophysics.

Nanotechnology in Cancer Management: Precise Diagnostics toward Personalized Health Care provides a well-focused and comprehensive overview of technologies involved in early stage cancer diagnostics via the detection of various cancer biomarkers, both in-vitro and in-vivo. The book briefly describes the advancement in cancer biomarker research relating to cancer diagnostics, covering fundamental aspects of various techniques, especially transduction methodologies, such as electrochemical, optical, magnetic, etc. In addition, it describes approaches on how to make options cost-effective, scalable for clinical application, and user-friendly. Advancements in technology related to device miniaturization, performance improvement and point-of-care applications round out discussions. Final sections cover future challenges, the prospects of various techniques, and how the introduction of nanotechnology in cancer management in a personalized manner is useful.

Geraldine Masson, Luc Neuville ? Carine Bughin ? Aude Fayol ? Jieping Zhu Multicomponent Syntheses of Macrocycles Thomas J.J. Muller Palladium-Copper Catalyzed Alkyne Activation as an Entry to Multicomponent Syntheses of Heterocycles Rachel Scheffelaar ? Eelco Ruijter ? Romano V.A. Orru Multicomponent Reaction Design Strategies: Towards Scaffold and Stereochemical Diversity Nicola Kielland ? Rodolfo Lavilla Recent Developments in Reissert-Type Multicomponent Reactions Jitender B. Bariwal ? Jalpa C. Trivedi ? Erik V. Van der Eycken Microwave Irradiation and Multicomponent Reactions Irini Akritopoulou-Zanze ? Stevan W. Djuric Applications of MCR-Derived Heterocycles in Drug Discovery

Appropriate for one-year transport phenomena (also called transport processes) and separation processes course. First semester covers fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer; second semester covers separation process principles (includes unit operations). The title of this Fourth Edition has been changed from Transport Processes and Unit Operations to Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles (Includes Unit Operations). This was done because the term Unit Operations has been largely superseded by the term Separation Processes which better reflects the present modern nomenclature being used. The main objectives and the format of the Fourth Edition remain the same. The sections on momentum transfer have been greatly expanded, especially in the sections on fluidized beds, flow meters, mixing, and non-Newtonian fluids. Material has been added to the chapter on mass transfer. The chapters on absorption, distillation, and liquid-liquid extraction have also been enlarged. More new material has been added to the sections on ion exchange and crystallization. The chapter on membrane separation processes has been greatly expanded especially for gas-membrane theory.

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Green Solvents for Biocatalysis delivers an in-depth overview of biocatalysis in green solvents for industrial applications, also including outlines of sustainable methodologies in the area of organic chemistry, agriculture, analytical chemistry and engineering and pharmaceutical sciences. The book provides unique content in the area, making it a great source for information for undergraduate, postgraduate students, faculty, R&D professionals, production chemists, environmental engineers and industrial experts.

This volume addresses the key topics: nonaqueous enzymology in general and protein design for organic solvents in particular, and enzymatic synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds, novel oligosaccharides, and modified steroids. It is a valuable source to experienced as well as potential users of enzymes.

CONTENTS - PREFACE - 1. MODERN BOILERS - Classification of Boilers, Fire-tube or Shell Type Boilers, Lancashire Boiler, Economic Boiler, Vertical Fire-tube Boiler, Packaged Boiler, Water-tube Boilers, Comparison of Fire-tube and Water-tube Boilers, Waste Heat Boilers, Hot Water Boilers, Rating of Sectional Boilers, Heat Transference Within a Boiler - 2. BOILER AUXILIARIES - Mountings and Fittings for a Steam Boiler, Boiler Feed Apparatus, Feed Water Regulators, Economisers and Air Heaters, Superheaters, Soot Blowers, Mountings and Fittings for Hot Water Boilers - 3. WATER TREATMENT - Impurities Present in Water, Object of Water Treatment, Temporary or Alkaline Hardness, Permanent or Non-Alkaline Hardness, Units of Hardness, Tests for Hardness, Effect of Scale, Removal of Scale, Corrosion, pH Significance, pH Determination, Caustic Embrittlement, Methods of Treating Water for Removal of Salts, Oil and Grease Removal from Water, Boiler Foaming and Priming, Blow-down, Blowdown Removal, Blow-down Quantity - 4. FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF STEAM - Stages in the Formation of Steam, Sensible Heat, Latent Heat, Dryness Fraction, Superheat, Volume of Dry Steam, Volume of Wet Steam, Entropy, Steam Calorimeters - 5. FUELS - Available Fuels, Definition of Terms Used, Solid Fuels, Peat, Coal, Preparation of Coal for the Market, Storage of Coal, Sampling of Coal, Classification of Coal, Coke, Liquid Fuels, Grades of Petroleum Oil Available, Delivery of Fuel Oils, Storage of Fuel Oils, Oil Pre-heaters, Filters, Coal Tar Oils, Definition and Grades Available, Gaseous Fuels, Types Available - 6. COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS - Elements and Compounds, Symbols, Atomic and Molecular Weights, Chemical Equations, Avogadro's Law, Density of a Gas, Composition of Air, Theoretical or Minimum Air, Excess Air, Calorific Value of a Fuel, Products of Combustion - 7. FUEL AND FLUE GAS TESTING - Bomb Calorimeter, Gas Calorimeter, Proximate Analysis of Coal, Viscosity. Determination of Viscosity, Redwood Viscometer, Flash-Point- Abel and Pensky-Martens Apparatus, Flue Gas Analysis and C02 Determination, Orsat Apparatus and Fyrite Indicator - 8. DRAUGHT - Object of Draught, Factors Determining the Amount of Draught Necessary, Natural Draught, Calculations in Connection with Draught Determination and Chimney Sizing, Mechanically Produced Draught, Induced Draught Systems, Forced Draught Systems, Balanced Draught Systems, Fan Power, Draught Stabilizers, Draught Measurement - 9. COMBUSTION IN PRACTICE: SOLID FUELS - Burning of Solid Fuels, Coal Firing, Coke Firing, Banking of Hand-fired Boilers, Mechanical Stoking, Over-feed Mechanical Stokers, Underfeed Mechanical Stokers, Gravity Feed or Magazine Boilers, Pulverized Fuel Firing - 10. COMBUSTION IN PRACTICE: LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS - In Burning of Oil, Types of Burners, Pressure Jet Burner, High Pressure Burner, Medium Pressure Air Burner, Low Pressure Air Burner, Mechanically Operated Burners, Vaporizing Burners, Controls, Manual, Semi-Automatic and Fully Automatic, Ignition, Coal Tar Fuel Oils, Burning of Gaseous Fuels, Comparison of Fuels - 11. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION - Definition of Smoke, Effects of Atmospheric Pollution, Smoke Formation, Smoke Prevention, Grit and Dust Emission, Law in Connection with Smoke, Smoke Detection and Measurement of its Density, Grit Arrestors - 12. BOILER EFFICIENCY AND TESTING - Boiler Efficiency Calculations, Equivalent Evaporation, Heat Balance Sheets, Boiler House Log Sheets and Maintenance Schedules, Boiler House Instruments, Boiler Inspection and Insurance - ADDITIONAL READING - INDEX -

This book focuses on issues related to a suite of technologies known as "Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)," which can be used to capture and store underground large amounts of industrial CO2 emissions. It addresses how CCS should work, as well as where, why, and how these technologies should be deployed, emphasizing the gaps to be filled in terms of research and development, technology, regulations, economics, and public acceptance. The book is divided into three parts. The first part helps clarify the global context in which greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be analyzed, highlights the importance of fossil-fuel producing and consuming nations in positively driving clean fossil-fuel usage, and discusses the applicability of this technology on a global and regional level in a timely yet responsible manner. The second part provides a comprehensive overview of present and future technologies for the three elements of the CCS chain: CO2 capture, transport, and geological storage. The third part addresses the key drivers for CCS deployment worldwide. It provides analysis and assessment of the economic, regulatory, social, and environmental aspects associated with CCS development and deployment on a global scale. It offers a somewhat different perspective on CCS deployment by highlighting the environmental and socio-economic costs and benefits of CCS solutions compared to alternatives. The book concludes with potential options and guidelines for sustainable and responsible CCS scale-up as a way to address prevailing global energy, environment, and climate concerns.