Bioresorbable implants can be processed via conventional polymer processing methods such as extrusion, injection and compressing moulding, solvent spinning or casting. This book addresses issues and highlights recent advances in the use of biodegradable polymers. It is intended for researchers utilizing biodegradable polymers in areas from tissue engineering to controlled release of active pharmaceuticals, as well as industrial processors.

"Covers the chemistry, process chemistry, technology, engineering, and economics of methane conversion, including its environmental impact and commercial exploitation. Begins with methane's availability and increasing importance as an environmentally acceptable natural resource alternative and feedstock."

There is hardly any technical library in the world in which the volumes of the Chemical Formulary (Volumes 1-34) do not occupy a prominent place. Chemists both experienced and beginner, continually refer to them. It does not duplicate any of the formulas included in previous volumes, but lists a wide array of modern and salable products from all branches of the chemical industries. An excellent reference for formulation problems. -CONTENTS - I. Introduction - II. Beverages and Foods - III. Coatings - IV. Cosmetics - V. Drug Products - VI. Detergents and Sanitizers - VII. Elastomers and Plastics - VIII. Metals - IX. Polishes - X. Textile Specialties - XI. Miscellaneous - Appendix - Index - PREFACE - Chemistry, as taught in our schools and colleges, concerns chiefly synthesis, analysis, and engineering-and properly so. It is part of the right foundation for the education of the chemist. Many a chemist entering an Industry soon finds that most of the products manufactured by his concern are not synthetic or definite complex compounds, but are mixtures, blends, or highly complex compounds of which he knows little or nothing. The literature in this field, if any, may be meager, scattered, or obsolete. Even chemists with years of experience In one or more Industries spend considerable time and effort in acquainting themselves with any new field which they may enter. Consulting chemists similarly have to solve problems brought to them from industries foreign to them. There was a definite need for an up-to-date compilation of formulae for chemical compounding and treatment. Since the fields to be covered are many and varied, an editorial board of chemists and engineers engaged in many industries was formed. Many publications, laboratories, manufacturing firms, and Individuals have been consulted to obtain the latest and best information. It is felt that the formulas given in this volume will save chemists and allied workers much time and effort. Manufacturers and sellers of chemicals will find, In these formulae, new uses for their products. Non-chemical executives, professional men, and Interested laymen will make through this volume a "speaking acquaintance" with products which they may be using, trying or selling. It often happens that two Individuals using the same Ingredients in the same formula get different results. This may be due to slight deviations in the raw materials or unfamiliarity with the intricacies of a new technique. Accordingly, repeated experiments may be necessary to get the best results. Although many of the formulas given are being used commercially, many have been taken from the literature and may be subject to various errors and omissions. This should be taken into consideration. Wherever possible, it is advisable to consult with other chemists or technical workers regarding commercial production.

This book systematically explains the application principles and green processing technologies of industrial oil plant. Firstly, the industrial plant oil resources are elaborated as an independent discipline for systematic research. Secondly, it has laid a solid theoretical foundation for the utilization of industrial plant oil resources, and will greatly promote the development of industrialization and modernization of industrial plant oil resources worldwide. Thirdly, it constructs integrated technology system of oil plant cultivation, oil extraction technology and products application. Finally, it elaborates a series of environmental issues including the protection of biodiversity and the balance of the forest ecology during the industrial plant oil resources processing. The technological process for green conversion of industrial plant oil resources to the oil-based materials and high value products will be of particular interest to the readers among oil researchers, producers and managers.

There are very few parts of biology that remain free from the influence of Genetic Engineering developed in the early 1970s. Disciplines as wide apart as Brewing, Forensic Science and Population Genetics have all been affected in some way. The major impact, however, has been to create a new science of Biotechnology - a part of which is the production of proteins in a variety of cellular systems. Initially, bacterial systems such as E. coli were used but it soon became apparent that this prokaryotic host was not suitable for the preparation of more complicated proteins. In December 1988, a Symposium sponsored by the Biological Council organised by Dr Chris Hentschel and myself was held at the Middlesex in London to discuss alternative methods of Hospital Medical School protein production and to review some ofthe applications of the proteins so produced. The presentations at this meeting form the substance ofthis book. The theme is apparent from the first part where the expression of proteins and their domains in yeast is described and compared to other fungal and bacterial systems, such as Aspergillus and Bacillus subtilis. The successful use of recombinant yeast to produce hepatitis B surface antigen for vaccine purposes is particularly pertinent.

Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) are innovative and sustainable devices. They combine biological and electrochemical processes to engineer sensors, treat wastewater and/or produce electricity, fuel or high-value chemicals. In BESs, scientists have managed to incorporate biological catalysts, i.e. enzymes and/or microorganisms, and make them work in advanced electrochemical cells. BESs operate under mild conditions - at close to ambient temperature and pressure and at circumneutral pH - and represent a sustainable alternative to precious metal-based systems. Incorporating biological catalysts into devices while maintaining their activity and achieving electrical communication with electrode surfaces is a critical challenge when trying to advance the field of BESs.From implantable enzymatic biosensors to microbial electrosynthesis, and from laboratory-scale systems and fundamental studies to marketed devices, this book provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances related to functional electrodes for BESs. Suitable for researchers and graduate students of chemistry, biochemistry, materials science and environmental science and technology.

The book provides a basic introduction on innovation technology in research and industry, mainly chemical/ technical industry and therefore bridges the gap between academic and corporate markets. The different innovation stages are discussed and tools presented how to successfully apply this knowledge within a research organization.

The Springer Handbook of Enzymes provides concise data on some 5,000 enzymes sufficiently well characterized and here is the second, updated edition. Their application in analytical, synthetic and biotechnology processes as well as in food industry, and for medicinal treatments is added. Data sheets are arranged in their EC-Number sequence. The new edition reflects considerable progress in enzymology: the total material has more than doubled, and the complete 2nd edition consists of 39 volumes plus Synonym Index. Starting in 2009, all newly classified enzymes are treated in Supplement Volumes.

A Systems Approach to Managing the Complexities of Process Industries discusses the principles of system engineering, system thinking, complexity thinking and how these apply to the process industry, including benefits and implementation in process safety management systems. The book focuses on the ways system engineering skills, PLM, and IIoT can radically improve effectiveness of implementation of the process safety management system. Covering lifecycle, megaproject system engineering, and project management issues, this book reviews available tools and software and presents the practical web-based approach of Analysis & Dynamic Evaluation of Project Processes (ADEPP) for system engineering of the process manufacturing development and operation phases. Key solutions proposed include adding complexity management steps in the risk assessment framework of ISO 31000 and utilization of Installation Lifecycle Management. This study of this end-to-end process will help users improve operational excellence and navigate the complexities of managing a chemical or processing plant.

The announcement that we had decoded the human genome in 2000 ushered in a new and unique era in biomedical research and clinical medicine. This Third Edition of Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine focuses, as in the past two editions, on the essentials of sexual dimorphism in human physiology and pathophysiology, but emphasizes the latest information about molecular biology and genomic science in a variety of disciplines. Thus, this edition is a departure from the previous two; the editor solicited individual manuscripts from innovative scientists in a variety of fields rather than the traditional arrangement of sections devoted to the various subspecialties of medicine edited by section chiefs. Wherever it was available, these authors incorporated the latest information about the impact of the genome and the elements that modify its expression on human physiology and illness. All chapters progress translationally from basic science to the clinical applications of gender-specific therapy and suggest the most important topics for future investigation. This book is essential reading for all biomedical investigators and medical educators involved in gender-specific medicine. It will also be useful for primary care practitioners who need information about the importance of sex and gender in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of illness. Winner of the 2018 PROSE Award in Clinical Medicine from the Association of American Publishers!

General Chemistry for Engineers explores the key areas of chemistry needed for engineers. This book develops material from the basics to more advanced areas in a systematic fashion. As the material is presented, case studies relevant to engineering are included that demonstrate the strong link between chemistry and the various areas of engineering.

This unique and comprehensive text considers all aspects of heat exchanger fouling from the basic science of how surfaces become fouled to very practical ways of mitigating the problem and from mathematical modelling of different fouling mechanisms to practical methods of heat exchanger cleaning. The problems that restrict the efficient operation of equipment are described and the costs, some of them hidden costs, that are associated with the fouling of heat exchangers are discussed. Some simple concepts and models of the fouling processes are presented as part of the introduction to the subject.

Advice on the selection, design, installation and commissioning of heat exchangers to minimise fouling is given. A large part of the text is devoted to the use of chemical and other additives to reduce or eliminate the problem of fouling. Another large section is designed to give information on both on-line and off-line cleaning of heat exchangers. One of the difficulties faced by designers and operators of heat exchangers is anticipating the likely extent of fouling problems to be encountered with different flow streams. Another large section addresses the question and describes methods that have been used in attempting to define fouling potential. The book concludes with a chapter on how fouling information can be obtained using plant data, field tests and laboratory studies.

The field of membrane separation technology is presently in a state of rapid growth and innovation. Many different membrane separation processes have been developed during the past half century and new processes are constantly emerging from academic, industrial, and governmental laboratories. While new membrane separation processes are being conceived with remarkable frequency, existing processes are also being constantly improved in order to enhance their economic competitiveness. Significant improvements are currently being made in many aspects of membrane separation technology: in the development of new membrane materials with higher selectivity and/or permeability, in the fabrication methods for high-flux asymmetric or composite membranes, in membrane module construction and in process design. Membrane separation technology is presently being used in an impressive variety of applications and has generated businesses totalling over one billion U.S. dollars annually.

The main objective of this book is to present the principles and applications of a variety of membrane separation processes from the unique perspectives of investigators who have made important contributions to their fields. Another objective is to provide the reader with an authoritative resource on various aspects of this rapidly growing technology. The text can be used by someone who wishes to learn about a general area of application as well as by the knowledgeable person seeking more detailed information.

Reaction Engineering clearly and concisely covers the concepts and models of reaction engineering and then applies them to real-world reactor design. The book emphasizes that the foundation of reaction engineering requires the use of kinetics and transport knowledge to explain and analyze reactor behaviors. The authors use readily understandable language to cover the subject, leaving readers with a comprehensive guide on how to understand, analyze, and make decisions related to improving chemical reactions and chemical reactor design. Worked examples, and over 20 exercises at the end of each chapter, provide opportunities for readers to practice solving problems related to the content covered in the book.

Piezo Channels, Volume 79, the latest volume in the Current Topics in Membranes series provides the necessary membrane research to assist readers in discovering the current state of a particular field and future directions. New chapters in the updated volume include A Tour de Force: The Discovery, Properties, and Function of Piezo Channels, Piezo1 Channels in Vascular Development and the Sensing of Shear Stress, the Origin of the Force: The Force-From-Lipids Principle Applied to Piezo Channels, Genetic Diseases of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 Dysfunction, and The Structural Basis for Sensing by the Piezo1 Protein. Users of this series will find an up-to-date presentation of the current knowledge in the field of Piezo Channels.

Two large international conferences on Advances in Engineering Sciences were held in Hong Kong, March 18-20, 2015, under the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists (IMECS 2015), and in London, UK, 1-3 July, 2015, under the World Congress on Engineering (WCE 2015) respectively. This volume contains 35 revised and extended research articles written by prominent researchers participating in the conferences. Topics covered include engineering mathematics, computer science, electrical engineering, manufacturing engineering, industrial engineering, and industrial applications. The book offers state-of-the-art advances in engineering sciences and also serves as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working with/on engineering sciences.

Fluidization Engineering, Second Edition, expands on its original scope to encompass these new areas and introduces reactor models specifically for these contacting regimes. Completely revised and updated, it is essentially a new book. Its aim is to distill from the thousands of studies those particular developments that are pertinent for the engineer concerned with predictive methods, for the designer, and for the user and potential user of fluidized beds.
Covers the recent advances in the field of fluidization.
Presents the studies of developments necessary to the engineers, designers, and users of fluidized beds.

This, the first of two volumes devoted to probability theory in physics, physical chemistry, and engineering, provides an introduction to the problem of the random walk and its applications. In its simplest form, the random walk describes the motion of an idealized drunkard and is a discrete analogue of the diffusion process.

A thorough account is given of the theory of random walks on discrete spaces (lattices or networks) and in continuous spaces, including processed with random waiting times between steps. Applications discussed include dielectric relaxation, charge transport in the xerographic process, turbulent dispersion, diffusion through a medium with traps, laser speckle and the conformations of polymers in dilute solution. Prior knowledge of probability theory would be helpful, but not assumed. An extensive bibilography concludes the book.

This book focuses on the development of stapled peptides, a novel molecular modality used to regulate aberrant intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The author designs and presents a novel helical peptide stabilization methodology by constructing a chiral cross-linker moiety, namely "chiral center induced peptide helicity (CIH)". The book demonstrates that a precisely positioned carbon chiral center on tether can decisively determine the secondary structure of a peptide, and that the R-configured peptide is helical, while the S-configured peptide is non-helical. Further, it reports that helicity-enhanced R isomer peptides displayed significantly enhanced cell permeability and target binding affinity, as well as tumor inhibition efficiency, in comparison to S isomer peptides. The book will not only advance readers' understanding of the basic principle of stapled peptides, but also accelerate the clinical transformation of stapled peptide drugs.

The series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field. All chapters from Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry are published Online First with an individual DOI. In references, Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry is abbreviated as Top Heterocycl Chem and cited as a journal.

This two volume set introduces the up-to-date high-tech applications of Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) luminogens mainly in the areas of biosensing, bioimaging, and biomedicine. The 1st volume covers the applications of AIE materials in biosensing and bioimaging, including the technological utilizations in ionic/biomolecular sensing, bacterial imaging, cell imaging, intracellular microenvironment analysis, advanced optical imaging and multimodality, etc. It is an essential reference for materials scientists, chemists, physicists and biological chemists.

The next article includes the description of the rich chemistry of phosphinines, including azaphosphinines. The sixth article deals with synthetic approaches to different types of 1- heterophosphacyclanes, including four-, five-, and six-membered P-heterocycles. The next two articles cover the chemistry of phosphorus containing mac- cycles. The phosphorus containing calixarenes have attracted much attention in recent years due to their various functions such as metal cations binding, catalysis, molecular recogination, and bioactivity. Likewise, other phosphorus-containing macrocycles, cryptands, and dendrimers find various uses in analytical chemistry and biochemistry. We hope to include the following articles in the second volume on phosphorous heterocycles: Diazaphospholes Selected phosphorous heterocycles containing a stereogenic phosphorus Heterophenes carrying phosphorus functional groups as key structures The synthesis and chemistry of the phospholane ring system Synthesis and bioactivity of 2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxaphosphole-2-oxide derivatives Recent developments in the chemistry of N-heterocyclic phosphines. I would be failing in my duty if I do not express my sincere thanks to the people at Springer, particularly Ms. Birgit Kollmar-Thoni and Ms. Ingrid Samide, for coordinating the project with great dedication.

By providing an applied and modern approach, this volume will help readers understand the value and relevance of studying chemical physics and technology to all areas of applied chemical engineering, and gives them the depth of coverage they need to develop a solid understanding of the key principles in the field. Presenting a wide-ranging view of current developments in applied methodologies in chemical and biochemical physics research, the papers in this collection, all written by highly regarded experts in the field, examine various aspects of chemical and biochemical physics and experimentation. The book: * Highlights applications of chemical physics to subjects that chemical engineering students will see in graduate courses * Introduces the types of challenges and real problems that are encountered in industry and graduate research * Provides short chapters that introduce students to the subject in more bite-sized pieces * Presents biochemical examples and applications * Focuses on concepts above formal experimental techniques and theoretical methods The book is ideal for upper-level research students in chemistry, chemical engineering, and polymers. The book assumes a working knowledge of calculus, physics, and chemistry, but no prior knowledge of polymers.