This book discusses recent trends and developments in the microbial conversion process, which serves as an important route for biofuel production, with particular attention to bioreactors. It combines microbial conversion with multiphase flow and mass transfer, providing an alternative perspective for the understanding of microbial biomass and energy production process as well as enhancement strategy. This book is relevant to students and researchers who work in the fields of renewable energy, engineering and biotechnology. Policymakers, economists and industry engineers also benefit from this book, as it can be used as a resource for the implementation of renewable energy technologies.

This textbook and reference fills a critical gap in literature on the comprehensive environmental impacts of industrial organizations. Nineteen chapters examine individual industrial sectors inherent "potential to pollute." The text goes on to analyze new technologies and practices for transforming environmentally degrading effects of industry, and shows how managers can navigate these changes and move their organizations towards long-term environmental sustainability.

The book introduces fundamentals of 3D printing with light, photoinitiating system for 3D printing as well as resins. Plenty of applications, trends and prospects are also discussed, which make the book an essential reference for both scientists and industrial engineers in the research fields of photochemistry, polymer chemistry, rapid prototyping and photopolymerization.

Designed for chemical engineers and other technical personnel involved in the design, operation, and maintenance of facilities and equipment where deflagration and detonation flame arresters (DDFAs) may be required, this book fosters effective application and operation of DDFAs through treatment of their principles of operation, selection, installation, and maintenance methods. This reference covers a broad range of issues concerning DDAs, including: An overview of deflagration and detonation prevention and protection practicesAn overview of combustion and flame propagation and how DDAs halt propagationDeflagration and detonation flame arrester technologyInstallation in process systemsRegulations, codes, and standardsIllustrative examples, calculations, and guidelines for DDA selectionAppendices, including a glossary, a flame arrester specification sheet for vendor quotation, and a listing of flame arrester manufacturers.

The objective of the Springer Handbook of Enzymes is to provide in concise form data on enzymes sufficiently well characterized. Data sheets are arranged in their EC-Number sequence. Each volume comprises one enzyme class, sometimes the enzyme classes have to be divided into several volumes. Considerable progress has been made in enzymology since the publication of the first edition (published as "Enzyme Handbook"): many enzymes are newly classified or reclassified. In the 2nd edition each entry is correlated with references and one or more source organisms. New datafields are created: "application" and "engineering" (for the properties of enzymes where the sequence has been changed). Altogether the amount of data has doubled so that the 2nd edition will consist of approx. 25 volumes. This collection is an indispensable source of information for researchers in biochemistry, biotechnology, organic and analytical chemistry, and food sciences.

To optimize separations, membranes are imprinted with various molecules. The theory and mechanism of the separation as well as strategies for imprinting are explained in this book. Different molecules and applications are summarized such as imprinting of proteins, ions and cyclodextrins as well as sensor based imprinted membranes and drug delivery in context of molecular imprinting.

A Systems Approach to Managing the Complexities of Process Industries discusses the principles of system engineering, system thinking, complexity thinking and how these apply to the process industry, including benefits and implementation in process safety management systems. The book focuses on the ways system engineering skills, PLM, and IIoT can radically improve effectiveness of implementation of the process safety management system. Covering lifecycle, megaproject system engineering, and project management issues, this book reviews available tools and software and presents the practical web-based approach of Analysis & Dynamic Evaluation of Project Processes (ADEPP) for system engineering of the process manufacturing development and operation phases. Key solutions proposed include adding complexity management steps in the risk assessment framework of ISO 31000 and utilization of Installation Lifecycle Management. This study of this end-to-end process will help users improve operational excellence and navigate the complexities of managing a chemical or processing plant.

General Chemistry for Engineers explores the key areas of chemistry needed for engineers. This book develops material from the basics to more advanced areas in a systematic fashion. As the material is presented, case studies relevant to engineering are included that demonstrate the strong link between chemistry and the various areas of engineering.

This thesis details the significant progress made in improving the performance of organic transistors and the network conductivity of carbon nanotubes. The first section investigates organic semiconductor nucleation and growth on the most common dielectric surface used to fabricate organic thin film transistors. The nucleation and growth of the semiconductor was determined to be a critical factor affecting the device performance. Excellent dielectric modification layers, which promote desirable semiconductor growth leading to high conductivity were identified, and a technologically relevant deposition technique was developed to fabricate high quality dielectric modification layers over large areas. This may represent an important step towards the realization of large area organic circuity. In the final section, lessons learned from studying organic semiconductor nucleation and growth were utilized to improve the conductivity of carbon nanotube networks. Selective nucleation of materials at the junctions between nanotubes in the network significantly decreased the network's sheet resistance. The resulting networks may be promising candidates for transparent electrodes with a variety of optoelectronic applications.

Reaction Engineering clearly and concisely covers the concepts and models of reaction engineering and then applies them to real-world reactor design. The book emphasizes that the foundation of reaction engineering requires the use of kinetics and transport knowledge to explain and analyze reactor behaviors. The authors use readily understandable language to cover the subject, leaving readers with a comprehensive guide on how to understand, analyze, and make decisions related to improving chemical reactions and chemical reactor design. Worked examples, and over 20 exercises at the end of each chapter, provide opportunities for readers to practice solving problems related to the content covered in the book.

This book treats the theoretical fundamentals of adsorption technology for water treatment from a practical perspective. It presents all the basics needed for experimental adsorption studies as well as for process modeling and adsorber design. According to the increasing importance of micropollutants in the water cycle, particular attention is paid to their competitive adsorption in the presence of background organic matter. The current edition considers recent developments in adsorption theory and practice.

At last, a book that covers safety procedures and standards with information that is rarely available outside of proprietary materials. A comprehensive source for basic and essential operations and procedures in use in any facility, the book offers chemical operators and first line supervisors guidance in applying appropriate practices to prevent accidents, and suggests which practices to avoid.

Contents - Preface to the English edition - Preface to the German edition - Introduction - CHAPTER I. - The basic materials of concrete - A) Cements and their resistance to corrosion - 1. The composition of cements - 2. The hydration of cement - 3. The resistance of various cements to chemical attack - B) Aggregates - 1. Sand - 2. Gravel - 3. Crushed stone - 4. Blast-furnace slag - 5. Coal slag - 6. Other aggregates - 7. Conclusion - C) Mixing water - CHAPTER II. - Groundwater - A) Engineering hydrology - 1. Determination of the highest groundwater table - 2. Determination of variations in the highest groundwater table - 3. Groundwater flow - 4. Hydrochemical groundwater maps - B) Groundwater sampling - C) Soil sampling - D) The reliability of analytical data of groundwater and soil samples - E) Investigation of groundwater and soil properties - CHAPTER III. - The corrosion and protection of concrete - A) The investigation of concrete corrosion - 1. Corrosion research 2. Rapid methods of corrosion testing - 3. The performance of corrosion tests - 4. Summary - B) General aspects of corrosion - C) Leaching corrosion of concrete due to soft water - 1. The hardness of water and its effect - 2. The effects of soft river water and groundwater in motion - 3. Effects of soft water seeping under pressure - 4. The effect of warm soft water - 5. The effect of cement type - 6. The effect of concrete density - 7. Effect of the concrete surface - 8. Dimensions and age of concrete - 9. Protective measures against the leaching action of water - D) Concrete corrosion due to attacking compounds - CHAPTER IV. Factors increasing or reducing corrosion - A) Corrosion of concrete due to flowing groundwater - B) The corrosive effect of warm groundwater - C) Corrosion due to fluctuations of the groundwater table - D) Corrosion in the range of evaporation - E) Thin-walled concrete objects, concrete canals, piles etc - 1. Cases of corrosion - 2. Protective measures - F) The effect of air oxidation - G) Microbiological corrosion (caused by sulphur bacteria) - 1. Sulphate-forming bacteria - 2. Sulphate-reducing bacteria - 3. Attempt at bacterial protection of concrete - 4. Iron organisms - CHAPTER V. Detailed discussion of protective measures against corrosive effects - A) Passive protective measures - 1. Selection of the suitable concrete mix and method of placement - 2. Surface treatments - 3. Other methods of protection - 4. Perfect sealing (waterproofing) - B) Active protective measures - 1. Exclusion of aggressive water - 2. Neutralization of aggressive water by chemical and biological methods - C) Repair of damaged concrete - Conclusion - Bibliography - Index -

Biosurfactants: Research and Development provides a thorough overview of biosurfactant research and development across a range of settings and industries, highlighting the novel use of enzymes, metabolic and genetic engineering in biosurfactant production and showcasing diverse experimental models and approaches. Sections discuss fundamental characteristics of biosurfactants, their physio-chemical properties, and their differences from chemically synthesize surfactants, different research approaches for the study of known biosurfactants, and the genetic manipulation of microorganisms to increase biosurfactant productivity, or to produce molecules with improved characteristics. Throughout the book, methods and approaches are discussed in easy-to-digest formats, with methods discussed, ranging from in silico approaches to classical biocatalysis omics analysis and metabolic engineering.

Here is a classic in the field, an enormously successful handbook on the art of making fireworks. In non-technical language, it gives formulas and detailed instructions for all the time-honored favorites, exhibition and display pieces. An indispensable book for both the beginner and the professional pyrotechnist. PARTIAL CONTENTS: Ingredients; Manipulation; Tools and Appliances Used; Articles of Manufacture and Formulas; Exhibition Fireworks; Miscellaneous; Appendix; Glossary; Bibliography.

In Flame Structure and Processes, renowned physical chemist Robert M. Fristrom comprehensively documents the numerous experimental techniques used to study flame microstructure, and provides an interdisciplinary overview of how such research is revealing exciting new information about combustion and high temperature processes. Using premixed laminar flames as models for studying individual high temperature chemistries, physical processes, and their interactions, Fristrom expertly details experimental and mathematical methods for analyzing overall flame structure or any other high temperature reacting flow system. Specialized techniques required to obtain high spatial resolution under extreme temperature conditions are also described. Fristrom goes on to discuss what is currently known about flame chemistry, physical processes common to all flames, and combustion. An extensive bibliography and many useful tables round out the book. The only up-to-date book solely devoted to flame structure and processes, this book will be welcomed by students and professionals in chemical/mechanical engineering and physical chemistry.

Liquid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Extractors, part of the Industrial Equipment for Chemical Engineering set, presents a concise and easy-to-use book on the calculation of differential liquid-liquid extraction, an investigation of equilibrium and material transfer between a fluid and a divided solid, and the fundamentals of liquid-solid extraction, among other strategies. The author also provides methods needed for the understanding the machinery used in applied thermodynamics in the hopes of encouraging students and engineers to construct the programs they need. Chapters are complemented with appendices which provide additional information and associated references.

High-pressure Molecular Spectroscopy describes examples of the applications of several spectroscopic methods to investigate the behavior of various chemical systems under high pressures, including guest-host interactions, chemical reactions, molecule-based multiferroics, lanthanide ion-doped glasses, and organic, inorganic and organometallic materials. The techniques involved include: Luminescence studies Inelastic neutron scattering Infrared and Raman studies Synchrotron X-ray diffraction

Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces

As with other books in the field, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces describes what occurs when gases come in contact with various solid surfaces. But, unlike all the others, it also explains why. While the theory of surface reactions is still under active development, the approach Dr. Richard Masel takes in this book is to outline general principles derived from thermodynamics and reaction rate theory that can be applied to reactions on surfaces, and to indicate ways in which these principles may be applied. The book also provides a comprehensive treatment of the latest quantitative surface modeling techniques with numerous examples of their use in the fields of chemical engineering, physical chemistry, and materials science. A valuable working resource and an excellent graduate-level text, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces provides readers with:

• A detailed look at the latest advances in understanding and quantifying reactions on surfaces
• In-depth reviews of all crucial background material
• 40 solved examples illustrating how the methods apply to catalysis, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrochemistry, and more
• 340 problems and practice exercises
• Sample computer programs
• Universal plots of many key quantities
• Detailed, class-tested derivations to help clarify key results

The recent development of quantitative techniques for modeling surface reactions has led to a number of exciting breakthroughs in our understanding of what happens when gases come in contact with solid surfaces. While many books have appeared describing various experimental modeling techniques and the results obtained through their application, until now, there has been no single-volume reference devoted to the fundamental principles governing the processes observed.

The first book to focus on governing principles rather than experimental techniques or specific results, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces provides students and professionals with a quantitative treatment of the application of principles derived from the fields of thermodynamics and reaction rate theory to the investigation of gas adsorption and reaction on solid surfaces. Writing for a broad-based audience including, among others, chemical engineers, chemists, and materials scientists, Dr. Richard I. Masel deftly balances basic background in areas such as statistical mechanics and kinetics with more advanced applications in specialized areas.

Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces was also designed to provide readers an opportunity to quickly familiarize themselves with all of the important quantitative surface modeling techniques now in use. To that end, the author has included all of the key equations involved as well as numerous real-world illustrations and solved examples that help to illustrate how the equations can be applied. He has also provided computer programs along with universal plots that make it easy for readers to apply results to their own problems with little computational effort.

Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces is a valuable working resource for chemical engineers, physical chemists, and materials scientists, and an excellent text for graduate students in those disciplines.

Highly detailed and elaborate, this book is written explicitly for the purpose of professionals who work with gypsum in various technical and consumer-centric fields. It emphasises technical specifications of gypsum and associated products focusing on particular applications in industries such as construction, decoration, medicine, dentistry, architecture, chemical product manufacturing, arts, cooking, cosmetics, and agriculture. The book takes into account different chemical, physical, and biological characteristics and the relevance of gypsum and its extended applications.

This book covers a wide range of topics in polymer rheology. These are: Basic Principles, parameters, systems and applied mathematical models used in the rheological studies Melt flow analysis of different non-Newtonian fluids in laminar flow, transition between laminar and turbulent flow and modified Reynolds number The effects of different physical and molecular parameters on purely viscous rheological response of polymer melts and solutions Principles of rheometery and different types of viscometers and on-line rheometers The static and dynamic viscoelastic response of the polymer melts and solutions, viscoelasticity, mechanical models and Boltzmann superposition principle Molecular structure - viscoelasticity relationship and linear and non-linear viscoelasticity Effects of different processes, materials parameters like temperature, fillers (micro and nano-fillers) and molecular parameters like MW, MWD The role of rheology in polymer processing in different equipment Modified power law constants and two range power law constants for a large number of polymers, rheology software program in Java, comparison of different polymer rheological models using the rheology software and answers to the problems The book will be very useful to both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as teachers and practicing rheologists.

This timely text offers coverage of pollution prevention fundamentals, featuring examples and case studies drawn from the chemical process industries. Topics are presented on three different levels-macro, meso, and micro. The book's multifaceted approach provides a complete picture of current waste minimization theory and practice.
Macroscale
* Comprehensive analysis of the flow of materials in the United States, from natural resource extraction to consumer product disposal
* Overview of waste generation and management for different pollutant types
* Assessment of pollution prevention opportunities using industrial ecology and product life cycle frameworks
Mesoscale
* Detailed coverage of pollution prevention in chemical manufacturing processes
* Waste audits, emission inventories, flow sheet analysis, and many other important tools
* Waste reduction for unit operations, techniques for measuring economic benefits of pollution prevention, and more
Microscale
* Case studies of reaction pathway analysis and material design methods
Complete with case studies that give the material a real-world edge, plus worked examples to reinforce learning, this text is valuable to both advanced students and practitioners of chemical and civil engineering.

"The Handbook of Nonwoven Filter Media" provides the reader with a fundamental understanding of nonwoven filter media. It is one of the few books dealing exclusively with the subject of nonwoven filter media, and is primarily intended as a reference for people in the nonwovens industry (industry and academic researchers, technical and quality control personnel) and universities offering courses in filtration theory and practice and nonwovens technology.

Coverage includes gas, liquid, and engine filtration, which are covered in such a way as to identify the types of filter media used in these applications.

Theoretical presentation is based on flow through porous media, and is developed around a nonwovens or engineered fabrics orientation. In addition, for aerosol filtration, the book presents single fiber theory, developed for the filtration of particles from an air stream.

New sections on developing filter media technologies, including: Nanofiber technology, saline water treatment, new filter media structures, turbine air filtration, membrane filter technology, and new materials for filter media.New chapter on sustainability issues in the nonwovens field, covering recycling/recyclability, energy consumption, and carbon footprint, in addition to other environmental indicators and effectsA comprehensive discussionof Computaional Flow Dynamics (CFD) by Dr George Chase, University of Akron, USA."

This book presents the development of modern molecular models for fluids from the interdisciplinary fundamentals of classical and statistical mechanics, of electrodynamics and of quantum mechanics. The concepts and working equations of the various fields are briefly derived and illustrated in the context of understanding the properties of molecular systems. Special emphasis is devoted to the quantum mechanical basis, since this is used throughout in the calculation of the molecular energy of a system. The book is application oriented. It stresses those elements that are essential for practical model development. The fundamentals are then used to derive models for various types of applications. Finally, equation of state models are presented based on quantum chemically based models for the intermolecular potential energy and perturbation theory. The book is suited for graduate courses in chemical and mechanical engineering, physics and chemistry, but may also, by proper selection, be found useful on the undergraduate level.