With petroleum prices spiraling upward, making synthetic fuels-or "synfuels"-from coal, natural gas, and biomass has become more economically competitive. Advanced energy companies now focus exclusively on alternative fuels, and many oil companies have programs dedicated to developing synthetic fuels. The Fischer-Tropsch process, which uses a collection of chemical reactions to convert mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons, is the studied method of choice for producing synthetic petroleum substitutes. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis: Advances and Applications began at a symposium held during the 248th American Chemical Society meeting, where high attendance demonstrated great interest in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The lively discussions that occurred led to the creation of this carefully constructed reference work. The contributors here have expanded and reorganized their presentations from the conference into thorough chapters that reflect the four key subject areas that dominated the presentations: Catalyst preparation and activation Catalyst activity and reaction mechanisms Catalyst characterization and related reactions Topics concerning commercializing the Fischer-Tropsch process While describing advances and exploring the potential of the Fischer-Tropsch process in the future of synthetic fuels, the research also demonstrates that several issues remain in producing increasingly active catalysts and more efficient reactor design. Covering recent developments in Fischer-Tropsch technology for renewable resources and green energy, this book is a significant contribution for researchers and practitioners concerned with the production of synthetic fuels. It explores new and sophisticated techniques while providing a look at the application of these advances to commercial processing conditions.

A compendium of current knowledge about conventional and alternative sources of energy. It clarifies complex technical issues, enlivens history, and illuminates the policy dilemmas we face today. This revised edition includes new material on biofuels, an expanded section on sustainability and sustainable energy, and updated figures and tables throughout. There are also online instructor materials for those professors who adopt the book for classroom use.

This comprehensive and up-to-date book explains the economic rationale behind the production, delivery and exchange of electricity. Creti and Fontini explain why electricity markets exist, outlining the economic principles behind the exchange and supply of power to consumers and firms. They identify the specificities of electricity, as compared to other goods, and furthermore suggest how markets should be optimally designed to produce and deliver electricity effectively and efficiently. The authors also address key issues, including how electricity can be decarbonized. Written in a technical yet accessible style, this book will appeal to readers studying power system economics and the economics of electricity, as well as those more generally interested in energy economics, including engineering and management students looking to gain an understanding of electricity market analysis.

This book interrogates the global utopian vision for smart energy technologies and the new energy consumer intended to realise it. It enriches and extends the possibilities of four residential smart strategies: energy feedback, dynamic pricing, home automation and micro-generation, focusing on how they are being integrated into everyday practice.

This open access book introduces the major environmental green development issues from six major themes carbon neutrality, nature-based solution, watershed management and climate adaptation, BRI green development, sustainable food supply chain, ecosystem-based integrated ocean management focusing on the progress of China’s environment and development policies from 2021 accomplishments. It is based on the research outputs of CCICED in the year of 2021, which marks China’s start point of implementation of its 14th Five-Year Plan when world economy also strived to recover from the pandemic.  

Energy technology innovation - improving how we produce and use energy - is critical for a transition towards sustainability. This book presents a rich set of twenty case studies of energy technology innovation embedded within a unifying conceptual framework. It provides insights into why some innovation efforts have been more successful than others, and draws important policy conclusions. The case studies cover a wide range of energy technologies, ranging from energy supply to energy end use, from successes to failures and from industrialized, emerging and developing economies. The case studies are presented by an international group of eminent scholars under the auspices of the Global Energy Assessment (GEA), whose main volume was published in 2012 by Cambridge University Press. Energy Technology Innovation presents new data, new concepts and novel analytical and policy perspectives. It will prove to be invaluable for researchers, policy makers, economists, industrial innovators and entrepreneurs in the field of energy technology.

This book provides different aspects on fuel processing and refinery for energy generation. Most updated research findings along with case studies, real scenario examples, and extensive analyses of original research work and literature reviews is included in this book.

In an era of big data and smart cities, this book is an innovative and creative contribution to our understanding of urban energy use. Societies have basic data needs to develop an understanding of energy flows for planning energy sustainability. However, this data is often either not utilized or not available. Using California as an example, the book provides a roadmap for using data to reduce urban greenhouse gas emissions by targeting programs and initiatives that will successfully and parsimoniously improve building performance while taking into account issues of energy affordability. This first of its kind methodology maps high-detail building energy use to understand patterns of consumption across buildings, neighborhoods, and socioeconomic divisions in megacities. The book then details the steps required to replicate this methodology elsewhere, and shows the importance of openly-accessible building energy data for transitioning cities to meet the climate planning goals of the twenty-first century. It also explains why actual data, not modeled or sampled, is critical for accurate analysis and insights. Finally, it acknowledges the complex institutional context for this work and some of the obstacles - utility reluctance, public agency oversight, funding and path dependencies. This book will be of great value to scholars across the environmental sectors, but especially to those studying sustainable urban energy as well as practitioners and policy makers in these areas.

Beleuchtet die besonderen Herausforderungen der Elektromobilitat Enthalt interessante Loesungen zu wichtigen Problemfeldern wie Nachhaltigkeit, Ressourceneffizienz, Umwelt, Rohstoffe, Energieversorgung und Mobilitat Verschafft einen Einblick in die aktuelle Arbeit der groessten Organisation fur angewandte Forschung und Europa

This book presents research on energy poverty alleviation, approaching the complex phenomenon topic holistically and with heterogeneity. It includes contributions from research teams studying the topic at a national, regional and local levels worldwide. The book is divided in two main blocks. The first part, New Approaches, involves novel assessments and concepts from a global and multidisciplinary point of view. The second part, Contexts, offers new theoretical diagnoses focused on case studies of different scales from around the world, and concepts for future trends. Energy Poverty Alleviation will be of interest to policy makers, stakeholders, academics and researchers with knowledge in the energy poverty field.

This book includes high-quality research papers presented at 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Applications (ICSCN 2021), which is held at Surya Engineering College (SEC), Erode, India, during 29-30 July 2021. This book includes novel and state-of-the-art research discussions that articulate and report all research aspects, including theoretical and experimental prototypes and applications that incorporate sustainability into emerging applications. The book discusses and articulates emerging challenges in significantly reducing the energy consumption of communication systems and also explains development of a sustainable and energy-efficient mobile and wireless communication network. It includes best selected high-quality conference papers in different fields such as Internet of Things, cloud computing, data mining, artificial intelligence, machine learning, autonomous systems, deep learning, neural networks, renewable energy sources, sustainable wireless communication networks, QoS, network sustainability, and many other related areas.

The field of social movement studies has expanded dramatically over the past three decades. But as it has done so, its focus has become increasingly narrow and movement-centric. When combined with the tendency to select successful struggles for study, the conceptual and methodological conventions of the field conduce to a decidedly Ptolemaic view of social movements: one that exaggerates the frequency and causal significance of movements as a form of politics. This book reports the results of a comparative study, not of movements, but of 20 communities earmarked for environmentally risky energy projects. In stark contrast to the central thrust of the social movement literature, the authors find that the overall level of emergent opposition to the projects to have been very low, and they seek to explain that variation and the impact, if any, it had on the ultimate fate of the proposed projects.

Ab 2005 wird der Emissionshandel europaweit als Klimaschutzinstrument eingesetzt. Durch den Handel mit limitierten Berechtigungen zum CO2-Ausstoss wird die globale politische Idee, dem Klimawandel entgegenzuwirken, mit marktwirtschaftlichen Methoden umgesetzt. Die Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen durch technische Massnahmen soll somit dort stattfinden, wo diese okonomisch am vorteilhaftesten ist. Die Einfuhrung des Emissionshandels ist jedoch durch eine Vielzahl komplexer, miteinander verknupfter okonomischer, rechtlicher und technischer Fragen gekennzeichnet, welche in diesem Buch von Experten erortert werden. Dazu gehoren das tatsachliche Ausmass des Klimawandels, Interessenkonflikte bei der Gesetzgebung und Allokation der Emissionsrechte, Konsequenzen fur strategische Entscheidungen betroffener Unternehmen, Techniken der CO2-Reduktion und die Vision einer emissionsfreien Energiewirtschaft."

This book gathers a selection of refereed papers presented at the 2nd Vietnam Symposium on Advances in Offshore Engineering (VSOE 2021), held in 2022 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The book consists of articles written by researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and entrepreneurs addressing the important topic of technological and policy changes intended to promote renewable energies and to generate business opportunities in oil and gas and offshore renewable energy. With a special focus on sustainable energy and marine planning, the book brings together the latest lessons learned in offshore engineering, technological innovations, cost-effective and safer foundations and structural solutions, environmental protection, hazards, vulnerability, and risk management. Its content caters to graduate students, researchers, and industrial practitioners working in the fields of offshore engineering and renewable energies.

This book gathers outstanding research papers presented in the International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Emerging Power System (ICCIPS 2021), held on March 9-10, 2021, at Engineering College Ajmer. ICCIPS 2021 is jointly organized by the Department of CSE and Department of EE, Engineering College Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. The topics covered in the book are collective intelligence, soft computing, optimization, cloud computing, machine learning, intelligent software, robotics, data science, data security, big data analytics, natural language processing, renewable energy, signal processing, optimization methods for power system, smart grid, micro-grid, energy management, power system, monitoring system, load management, and distributed generation.

This open access book provides an overview of the work undertaken within the FiberEUse project, which developed solutions enhancing the profitability of composite recycling and reuse in value-added products, with a cross-sectorial approach. Glass and carbon fiber reinforced polymers, or composites, are increasingly used as structural materials in many manufacturing sectors like transport, constructions and energy due to their better lightweight and corrosion resistance compared to metals. However, composite recycling is still a challenge since no significant added value in the recycling and reprocessing of composites is demonstrated. FiberEUse developed innovative solutions and business models towards sustainable Circular Economy solutions for post-use composite-made products. Three strategies are presented, namely mechanical recycling of short fibers, thermal recycling of long fibers and modular car parts design for sustainable disassembly and remanufacturing. The validation of the FiberEUse approach within eight industrial demonstrators shows the potentials towards new Circular Economy value-chains for composite materials.

This book brings together academics and experts on Turkish network industries. It provides fundamental information on the current developments regarding regulation of the different network industries in Turkey. Turkey has gone through a liberalization process in most of the network industries during the past 20 years. In most of them, independent regulatory authorities have been established, but some network industries are still remaining under the central or local government regulatory regime. As a result, there is now a very complicated regulatory regime in place which makes Turkey's regulatory system difficult to understand for practitioners, academics, lawyers, researchers and investors. This book offers unique insight into Turkey's regulatory regime in various network industries. It also offers a historical background to regulation, a description of the current regulatory regimes, as well as an analysis of the foreseeable evolutions. The book covers all the important network industries in Turkey. No similar book is available on the market to date. Moreover, the book provides an extensive analysis of the current regulatory regimes in the energy, the transport, and the telecommunications industries. This book should be of interest to anyone wishing to understand Turkish regulation and will be very helpful handbook to researchers who are interested in regulation of network industries not only in Turkey but also in other developing countries, as Turkey is quite representative of other emerging countries. Readers will acquire a thorough understanding of the state of play of the Turkish network industries and their regulation.

This book states that sustainable development has become an influential discourse worldwide. Climate change is not only an urgent problem, but it is also a fundamental spiritual question concerning social justice and sustainable peace development as well as solidarity among people of various religious backgrounds and different countries. Thus, this global problem must be faced and recognized for future actions and strategies. However, the politics of fear must be replaced with a culture of peace, hope, and compassion, and this urgent problem must be faced with an optimistic attitude and a certain degree of preparedness. Climate change is evident in many forms, such as, for example, the most obvious-recent weather fluctuations that happen around the world. Floods, droughts, and hurricanes are those visible signs of climate change. Human-caused climate change is projected to greatly impact marine, freshwater, and terrestrial life. Temperatures in Alaska and the Arctic have increased over the last 50 years at a rate more than twice as fast as the global average temperature. Poor people are vulnerable to man-made climate change and respond rapidly to its impacts. Diverse knowledge of and approaches to climate change help understand this growing problem; global average air temperature has increased in the recent past by approximately 1.0 DegreesC (1.8 DegreesF). According to the Climate Science Special Report, the last several years have been record-breaking, and the period of 1901-2016 is the warmest. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still rising, with damaging effects on the Earth's climate. At the moment, the concentration of CO2 is higher than at any point in time-at least the past 800,000 years. However, carbon dioxide (CO2) is not the only GHG that impacts human-induced climate change.

Electronics has undergone important and rapid developments over the last 60 years, which have generated a large range of theoretical and practical notions. This book presents a comprehensive treatise of the evolution of electronics for the reader to grasp both fundamental concepts and the associated practical applications through examples and exercises. This first volume of the Fundamentals of Electronics series comprises four chapters devoted to elementary devices, i.e. diodes, bipolar junction transistors and related devices, field effect transistors and amplifiers, their electrical models and the basic functions they can achieve. Volumes to come will deal with systems in the continuous time regime, the various aspects of sampling signals and systems using analog (A) and digital (D) treatments, quantized level systems, as well as DA and AD converter principles and realizations.

This book includes selected papers from the fourth International Conference on Smart Vehicular Technology, Transportation, Communication and Applications (VTCA 2021), held in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China, during May 22-24, 2021. The conference is technically co-sponsored by Southwest Jiaotong University, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Fujian University of Technology, and Minjiang University. The book includes research works from engineers, researchers, and practitioners interested in the advances and applications in the field of vehicle technology and communication. The book covers four tracks, namely (1) vehicular networking security, (2) vehicular electronics, (3) intelligent transportation systems, and (4) smart vehicular communication networks and telematics.

This book emphasizes the role of micro-grid systems and connected networks for the strategic storage of energy through the use of information and communication techniques, big data, the cloud, and meta-heuristics to support the greed for artificial intelligence techniques in data and the implementation of global strategies to meet the challenges of the city in the broad sense. The intelligent management of renewable energy in the context of the energy transition requires the use of techniques and tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) to overcome the challenges of the intermittence of resources and the cost of energy. The advent of the smart city makes an increased call for the integration of artificial intelligence and heuristics to meet the challenge of the increasing migration of populations to the city, in order to ensure food, energy, and environmental security of the citizen of the city and his well-being. This book is intended for policymakers, academics, practitioners, and students. Several real cases are exposed throughout the book to illustrate the concepts and methods of the networks and systems presented. This book proposes the development of new technological innovations-mainly ICT-the concept of "Smart City" appears as a means of achieving more efficient and sustainable cities. The overall goal of the book is to develop a comprehensive framework to help public and private stakeholders make informed decisions on smart city investment strategies and develop skills for assessment and prioritization, including resolution of difficulties with deployment and reproducibility.

This book covers theoretical and experimental findings at the interface between fluid mechanics, heat transfer and energy technologies. It reports on the development and improvement of numerical methods and intelligent technologies for a wide range of applications in mechanical, power and materials engineering. It reports on solutions to modern fluid mechanics and heat transfer problems, on strategies for studying and improving the dynamics and durability of power equipment, discussing important issues relating to energy saving and environmental safety. Gathering selected contributions to the XIV International Conference on Advanced Mechanical and Power Engineering (CAMPE 2021), held online on October 18-21, 2021, from Kharkiv, Ukraine, this book offers a timely update and extensive information for both researchers and professionals in the field of mechanical and power engineering.

Through research and proven practice, the aim of the International Conference of Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design for Society (SEEDS) is to foster ideas on how to reduce negative impacts on the environment while providing for the health and well-being of society. The professions and fields of research required to ensure buildings meet user demands and provide healthy enclosures are many and diverse. The SEEDS conference addresses the interdependence of people, the built and natural environments, and recognizes the interdisciplinary and international themes necessary to assemble the knowledge required for positive change.