Features complete proceedings of an International Symposium held in Luxembourg in 1983, organized by the Safety and Health Commission for the Mining and Other Extractive Industries, Commission of the European Communities.

Mit der kompendiarischen Darstellung des Themas Energieeffizienz und Energiemanagement will dieses Buch Neugier wecken, zeitgemasse Energie sparende Massnahmen ohne Wohnkomfort-Einbussen umzusetzen. Dies betrifft die gesamte Wertschoepfungskette von der dezentralen Energieumwandlung bis zum Energiekonsum durch die Endkunden und beleuchtet dabei die verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Handlungsfelder. Es ist als interdisziplinares Fachbuch angelegt, dessen Lekture ein ingenieurgemasses Verstandnis der vorgestellten Technologien voraussetzt. Daruber hinaus moechte es aber auch oekonomische, sozialethische, umweltpolitische und oekologische Trends aufzeigen.

Current worldwide trends are not sustainable. The Club of Rome's warnings published in the book Limits to Growth are still valid. Remedies that are acceptable for the great majority tend to make things worse. We seem to be in a philosophical crisis. Pope Francis says it clearly: our common home is in deadly danger. Analyzing the philosophical crisis, the book comes to the conclusion that the world may need a "new enlightenment"; one that is not based solely on doctrine, but instead addresses a balance between humans and nature, as well as a balance between markets and the state, and the short versus long term. To do this we need to leave behind working in "silos" in favor of a more systemic approach that will require us to rethink the organization of science and education. However, we have to act now; the world cannot wait until 7.6 billion people have struggled to reach a new enlightenment. This book is full of optimistic case studies and policy proposals that will lead us back to a trajectory of sustainability. But it is also necessary to address the taboo topic of population increase. Countries with a stable population fare immensely better than those with continued increase. Finally, we are presenting an optimistic book from the Club of Rome.

The increasing scale and intensity of modern blast-furnace operation, combined with a simultaneous reduction in coke rate, have led to more stringent coke quality requirements with a greater emphasis on the coke's (1 2) role as a burden spacer ' * Accordingly, coke quality data limited to chemical composition, initial size grading and ambient size stability are insufficient to predict the coke's behaviour in use. A realistic assess ment of the likely performance of coke should also take into consideration its resistance to degradation in the chemical and thermal environment of the blast furnace. A test is, therefore, needed which simulates as far as possible the mechanical, chemical and thermal conditions of the smelting process and measures the resultant changes in size distribution of the coke, and hence in its bulk permeability to gas flow, using representative samples of the feed coke as charged to the furnace. Moreover, new developments in coke production make it necessary to reassess coke testing so as to guide the coke producer in making the best use of available coals. The mode of mechanical coke breakage at ambient temperature has been extensively characterised and related to changes in the coke's bulk permeability(3). In contrast, the causes of deterioration in the hot strength and size of bulk coke arising from its partial gasification with carbon dioxide and reheating to high temperature are relatively less explored. The present paper describes the v.

This book offers invaluable insights about the full spectrum of core design course contents systematically and in detail. This book is for instructors and students who are involved in teaching and learning of 'capstone senior design projects' in mechanical engineering. It consists of 17 chapters, over 300 illustrations with many real-world student project examples. The main project processes are grouped into three phases, i.e., project scoping and specification, conceptual design, and detail design, and each has dedicated two chapters of process description and report content prescription, respectively. The basic principles and engineering process flow are well applicable for professional development of mechanical design engineers. CAD/CAM/CAE technologies are commonly used within many project examples. Thematic chapters also cover student teamwork organization and evaluation, project management, design standards and regulations, and rubrics of course activity grading. Key criteria of successful course accreditation and graduation attributes are discussed in details. In summary, it is a handy textbook for the capstone design project course in mechanical engineering and an insightful teaching guidebook for engineering design instructors.

Technological advance affects almost all areas of human life. Rapid digitization, increased mobility, new biotechnologies, and nanotechnology deeply influence, amongst others, industrial production, entertainment, work, military affairs, and individual life. Besides overwhelmingly positive effects on wealth, comfort, innovation, and development, this also raises questions of unintended effects, of tensions with democracy, of the role of citizens, and of its sustainability facing environmental issues. Tools and procedures are needed to cope with this challenging situation. Technology assessment (TA) has been developed more than fifty years ago to enable science, the economy, and society to harvest the potential of new technology to the maximum extent possible and to deal responsibly with possible adverse effects. It was developed more than 50 years ago in the U.S. Congress and has diversified considerably in the meantime. Parliamentary TA in many European states and at the international level, participatory TA at the local and regional levels worldwide, and TA as part of engineering processes are the most relevant fields today. Technology assessment is a growing field of interdisciplinary research and scientific policy advice. This volume (a) gives an overview of motivations of TA, its history and its current practices, (b) develops a fresh theoretical perspective on TA rooted in social theory and philosophy, and (c) draws conclusions from the theoretical perspective for the further development of TA's practices. It provides the first comprehensive view on the growing field of TA at the international level.

Energy is no longer a purely technical and commercial question; it has become a political issue affecting the welfare of all mankind with far-reaching implications for the preservation of world peace. It is therefore vitally important for all of us that the right energy decisions be taken without delay and that the important contri bution which nuclear energy can make toward the solution of the world energy problem should not be overlooked or, even worse, discarded. It is now recognized that the only significant choices we have, until at least the end of this century, for the production of electric power are coal and nuclear energy and at some places hydropower. Of course, we have to use all other alternative energy sources available and capable of development, but one should realize that by the end of the century, those sources can only make a marginal contribution. The shrinking world reserves and rising costs of petroleum will eventually eliminate it as a source of energy, except for propulsion purposes and uses by the petro-chemical industry. Conservation measures in the more affluent countries and higher priority given to alternative energy technologies may only retard the growth of the demand for electricity."

Aktive und passive Solarenergienutzung, technische und architektonische MAglichkeiten, etablierte Technologien und zukA1/4nftige Entwicklungen behandelt dieses Profi-Buch, das sich vor allem an Ingenieure und Architekten wendet. 20 Experten beschreiben ihr Spezialgebiet, diskutieren Potentiale und Kosten der Systeme sowie eventuell auftretende Probleme, und geben dem Planer und Anwender wertvolle Praxishinweise sowie einen Ausblick auf kommende Anwendungen heutiger Innovationen. Im "passiven" Teil werden u.a. die Solararchitektur, Fenster und Verglasungen, WArmeschutz und transparente WArmedAmmung sowie die Nutzung von Tageslicht in RAumen behandelt. Der "aktive" Teil befaAt sich mit Kollektoren sowie technologischen, planerischen und betriebstechnischen Aspekten solarthermischer Anlagen verschiedener GrAAenordnungen.

Tbe ener87 R & D progrUlllle of the European COIIIIIIuni ties, a four year iDdirect aotion progaamme coping with "nev energies" , ener87 conservation and ener87 ~stems modelling, is now w.ll under~. All projects to b. carried out in th. f'rsme of th. first phase of this , programme are in progress and the Commission' s s.rvio.s, together vi th the different adviso17 bodi.s, ar. already strongly involved in th. impl .. entation of the seoond phase of the programme. It .e.ed to u. at this point that th. publication of a cClllprehen.ive overviev of a11 contracta concluded in th. first pro~e pha. would be the b.st ~ of keeping infomK tha ** individualB or institution. naturally int.r ** ted in our work. Tbe pr ** ent r.port ehould be conlidered as th. first att .. pt to Mfi11 thi. task. ciLu ~ SCHUSTER D etOJ.-Oeneral for Researoh, Sciene.

This second volume of proceedings of the International Conference on Regional Science, Energy and Environment (Louvain, May 1975) contains papers related to general and partial equilibrium models of regional and urban development, in which natural and human resources playa dominant role. It need not be stressed that environmental factors and resource management have,to some extent, been neglected in postwar economic research. Unfortunately, a world-wide energy crisis or more local environmental disruptions were necessary to draw the economist's attention on the increasing imbalance between man and environment. The topics treated in this volume reflect the shift in economic research which has taken place since the early seventies. They can be classified roughly into 4 fields. The first field deals with a welfare approach to environmental deterioration. The second area covers models of resource allocation that contain environmental constraints. The third class of problems focuses on the relationship between environment and urban development. Finally, some methodological papers are included that explore new areas in regional and ~nterregional model building. Klaassen opens this volume with a paper on the impact of rising energy prices on the structure of regional development and environment, He analyses the change in size of all potentials and the consequent decrease in the volume of traffic. Besides these short-run influences, a :reallocat{o~ of households and firms may be expected in the long-run.

This accessible reference introduces firefighting and fire safety systems on ships and is written in line with the IACS Classification Rules for Firefighting Systems. It covers the design, construction, use and maintenance of firefighting and fire safety systems, with cross references to the American Bureau of Shipping rules and various Classification Society regulations which pertain to specific Classification Society rules. Focuses on basic principles in line with current practice Aimed at non-specialists The book suits professional seafarers, students, and cadets, as well as leisure sailors and professionals involved in the logistics industry. It is also particularly useful for naval architects, ship designers, and engineers who need to interpret the Class rules when developing shipboard firefighting systems.

Why are most gases invisible, odourless and tasteless? Why do some poison us and others make us laugh? And why do some power our engines while others make drinks fizzy? In It's a Gas, Mark Miodownik masterfully reveals an invisible world through his unique brand of scientific storytelling.

Taking us back to that exhilarating – and often dangerous – moment when scientists tried to work out exactly what they had discovered, Miodownik shows that gases are the formative substances of our modern world, each with its own weird and wonderful personality.

We see how seventeenth-century laughing gas parties led to the first use of anaesthetics in surgery, how the invention of the air valve in musical instruments gave us bicycles, cars and trainers, and how gases made us masters of the sea (by huge steamships) and skies (via extremely flammable balloons). This delight of a book reveals the immense importance of gases to modern civilisation.

There is a resurgence of interest in mental models due to advances in our understanding of how they can be used to help design and due to the development of practical methods to elicit them. This book brings both areas together with a focus on reducing domestic energy consumption. The book focuses on how mental models can be applied in design to bring out behaviour change resulting in increased achievement of home heating goals (reduced waste and improved comfort). This book also offers a method to extract and apply mental models to interface design. The approach enables mental models to be applied across domains when behaviour change was sought, and is validated as a useful design method.

Fulfilling the need for a classical approach, Experimental Combustion: An Introduction begins with an overview of the key aspects of combustion-including chemical kinetics, premixed flame, diffusion flame, and liquid droplet combustion-followed by a discussion of the general elements of measurement systems and data acquisition and analysis. In addition to these aspects, thermal flow measurements, gas composition measurements, and optical combustion diagnostics are covered extensively. Building upon this foundation in the fundamentals, the text addresses measurements, instruments, analyses, and diagnostics specific to combustion experiments, as well as: Describes the construction, working principles, application areas, and limitations of the necessary instruments for combustion systems Familiarizes the reader with the procedure for uncertainty analysis in combustion experiments Discusses advanced optical techniques, namely particle image velocimetry (PIV), laser Doppler anemometry (LDA), and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) methods From stoichiometry to smoke meters and statistical analysis, Experimental Combustion: An Introduction provides a solid understanding of the underlying concepts and measurement tools required for the execution and interpretation of practical combustion experiments.

Ein renommiertes Autorenteam behandelt in diesem interdisziplinaren Studienbuch Probleme der Energiegeschichte, Energiesysteme, Energietechnik und der Potentiale der erneuerbaren Energien: Wasser- und Windkraft, Biomasse, Geothermie, Photovoltaik und Solarthermie; der Verbesserung der Rahmenbedingungen fur ihre Markteinfuhrung; Handlungskonzepte und Forderungsschwerpunkte der EU, USA und Japans in diesem Bereich; Aktivitaten der Bundesregierung und Vorschlage nichtstaatlicher Akteure hierzu sowie Strategien zur rationellen Energienutzung; Methoden fur einen Energiekonsens und Kriterien zur Beurteilung von Energiesystemen; Handlungskonzepte und Vorschlage fur den Ausbau der Sonnenenergie im Mittelmeerraum und in Afrika sowie politische Faktoren bei der Markteinfuhrung in der Triade: USA, Japan und der EU."

Leading architectural firms are now using in-house design simulation to help make more sustainable design decisions. Taking advantage of these new tools requires understanding of what can be done with simulation, how to do it, and how to interpret the results. This software-agnostic book, which is intended for you to use as a professional architect, shows you how to reduce the energy use of all buildings using simulation for shading, daylighting, airflow, and energy modeling. Written by a practicing architect who specializes in design simulation, the book includes 30 case studies of net-zero buildings, as well as of projects with less lofty goals, to demonstrate how energy simulation has helped designers make early decisions. Within each case study, author Kjell Anderson mentions the software used, how the simulation was set up, and how the project team used the simulation to make design decisions. Chapters and case studies are written so that you learn general concepts without being tied to particular software. Each chapter builds on the theory from previous chapters, includes a summary of concept-level hand calculations (if applicable), and gives comprehensive explanations with graphic examples. Additional topics include simulation basics, comfort, climate analysis, a discussion on how simulation is integrated into some firms, and an overview of some popular design simulation software.

The role of the energy manager has evolved significantly as the task of cutting greenhouse gas emissions from buildings has become increasingly important. Managers are now technical experts, negotiators, construction project managers, procurement specialists, efficiency advocates and often provide energy services to others. This comprehensive book covers how to: * conduct an energy audit * plan a monitoring and verification strategy * make any energy-saving campaign successful * evaluate and make the financial case for energy-saving measures * make use of free energy for lighting and managing heat loss and gain. It also contains special chapters on: * ventilation, heating and cooling * demand management through automated systems * lighting * most requirements of industrial facilities * regulatory requirements in Britain, Europe and the United States * the use of smart meters and monitoring * how to achieve zero energy buildings * the use of renewable energy. For all professional energy, building and facilities managers, energy consultants, students, trainees and academics. It takes the reader from basic concepts to the latest advanced thinking, with principles applicable anywhere in the world and in any climate.

This book brings together diverse contributions exploring the integration of gender equality in current national energy policies and international energy frameworks across the Global South and North. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, this collection contributes to building a body of independent empirical evidence about the impacts of the energy transition on socio-economic outcomes, with a focus on gender differentiated choices of energy forms. The book includes short reflections in each chapter allowing the reader to explore the content from an alternative perspective. The common thread enabling the book to actively contribute to engendering the energy transition is its approach to the topic from a primarily 'gender' driven perspective. The book draws many useful lessons from practice and shares gender mainstreaming tools for use across the Global South and the North. Such an approach brings novel insights from theoretical, methodological and practical perspectives, which further promotes cross-disciplinary learning and will be of interest to researchers and practitioners from across the Energy and Gender disciplines.

The ambition of most countries across the world is to develop a low-carbon economy, evidenced by the fact that the vast majority of countries have signed the Paris COP21 agreement. This book contends that this global societal transition to a low-carbon economy must be just. As such, it will be an invaluable and accessible reference for scholars from all research disciplines who aim in their research to see a fairer, more equitable and inclusive world where sustainability is at the fore and climate targets are achieved.This is the first in-depth and original analysis to explore the central importance of law in achieving a just transition to a low-carbon economy. In addition, it advances the JUST framework, a unique framework for assessing the just transition. This important research and theoretical tool provides a practical perspective as it ensures the geographical space and timelines of development are factored into analysis. The research also provides analysis on the just transition movement around the world and the influence of international institutions. Through several case studies on Just Transition Commissions and Critical Mineral Development, the book details and demonstrates key elements of justice, including distributive, procedural, restorative, recognition, and cosmopolitan justice. It is clear from the analysis that while these are vast areas for analysis, if applied in practice, they all centrally contribute to ensuring society will advance in achieving a just transition to a low-carbon economy.

This book is a direct outgrowth of classes that the authors gave over a period of three decades to a university audience taking a Mineral Beneficiation course as a major that included coal processing and utilization. It is designed to be used as a student's (or layman's) first introduction to coal processing and utilization, motivating the concepts before illustrating them by means of concrete situations. As such, this book gives an integrated overview of coal processing and utilization along with clean coal technology, presenting all the basic principles, theory and practice in a systematic way. Every topic covered is dealt with in a self-explanatory manner so that any new reader may find this book interesting and easy to understand. The book makes available the hard core of fundamentals of coal processing and utilization in a form which is general enough to meet the needs of many and yet is unburdened by excess baggage best discussed in research journals. The salient feature is that all the technical terminology used in this book has been sufficiently explained in order to allow the reader to understand the concepts effectively without needing to consult additional literature. Problems are introduced not so much to be solved as to be tackled. Some of them are included to lay the ground work for the subsequent theory and will help the readers in teaching, research and operating plants. Overall, this book will be of interest to professionals and engineers in the fields of energy, mining, mineral, metallurgical and geological engineering, as well as to engineering geologists and earth sciences professionals.

Energy Science and Applied Technology includes contributions on a wide range of topics: - Technologies in geology, mining, oil and gas exploration and exploitation of deposits - Energy transfer and conversion, materials and chemical technologies - Environmental engineering and sustainable development - Electrical and electronic technology, power system engineering - Mechanical, manufacturing, process engineering - Control and automation - Communications and applied information technologies - Applied and computational mathematics - Methods and algorithms optimization - Network technology and application - System test, diagnosis, detection and monitoring - Recognition, video and image processing The book will appeal to academics and engineers involved in energy and applied sciences.

Energy Efficiency in the Urban Environment is a study of energy crisis, urbanisation, and climate change, as well as a discussion of how to combat these global challenges. With a special focus on Egypt, this book addresses the macroscale of urbanism from the perspective of city dwellers' quality of life, and explores the microscale of buildings and the perspective of ensuring indoor air quality within the boundaries of energy efficiency. Offering an integrated view of energy systems and urban planning supported by extensive data, references, and case studies, this text: Examines the energy efficiency performance of cities following sustainable urbanism principles Investigates how informal areas in developing countries achieve sustainable development Presents energy-efficient urban planning as a tool for improving city energy performance Proposes the development of a common procedure for obtaining an energy performance certificate Calculates the energy performance of buildings, accounting for heating/cooling systems and other variables Energy Efficiency in the Urban Environment demonstrates the importance of implementing an energy performance directive to aid energy savings in large buildings and set regulations for energy-efficient designs based on standard calculation methods. This book provides engineers working with sustainable energy systems, urban planners needing information on energy systems and optimisation, and professors and students of engineering, environmental science, and urban planning with a valuable reference on energy sustainability.

A reduction in the energy demand of buildings can make a major contribution to achieving national and international carbon reduction goals, in addition to addressing the interlinked issues of sustainable development, fuel poverty and fuel security. Despite improvements in thermal efficiency, the energy demand of buildings stubbornly remains unchanged, or is only declining slowly, due to the challenges posed by growing populations, the expectations of larger, more comfortable and better equipped living spaces, and an expanding commercial sector. Building Futures offers an interdisciplinary approach to explore this lack of progress, combining technical and social insights into the challenges of designing, constructing and operating new low energy buildings, as well as improving the existing, inefficient, building stock. The twin roles of energy efficiency, which is predominantly concerned with technological solutions, and energy conservation which involves changing peoples' behaviour, are both explored. The book includes a broad geographical range and scale of case studies from the UK, Europe and further afield, including Passivhaus in Germany and the UK, Dongtan Eco City in China and retrofit houses in Denmark. This book is a valuable resource for students and academics of environmental science and energy-based subjects as well as construction and building management professionals.

Energy Efficiency (EE) has been recognized since the early 1970s as the most relevant mechanism to optimize the way we meet our energy needs. The rationale behind this book is to present where the Canadian EE sector stands today to all Canadian stakeholders and those interested around the world. The Canada Energy Efficiency Outlook aims to outline the different environments that support EE development in our highly diversified provinces and territories, as well as at the national level, and consequently allow the reader to better understand the complexities involved. More globally, this book serves as an important reference for all interested parties on how Canada has variably innovated and developed mechanisms to achieve the goal of making this country more energy efficient.