Buckle propagation is a problem unique to offshore pipelines, in which the local collapse of a locally weakened section of the pipe initiates a collapse that propagates at high speed catastrophically flattening the line by kilometers. The lowest pressure that can sustain the propagation of the collapse, the propagation pressure, is only a small fraction of the collapse pressure of the intact pipe. The large difference between these two pressures requires that pipelines be designed on the collapse pressure, and the extent of the potential catastrophic damage suffered is limited by the periodic introduction of buckle arrestors to the line. Volume 2 of the book series Mechanics of Offshore Pipelines addresses the major aspects of buckle propagation including its initiation, establishment of the propagation pressure, and the dynamics of buckle propagation. Buckle propagation under tension, in pipe-in-pipe pipeline systems, and confined buckle propagation in tubulars such as grouted casing are examined in dedicated chapters. Three chapters deal with the performance of the most commonly used buckle arrestors under both quasi-static and dynamic buckle propagation. Each of these problems is studied through experiments, analyses, and large-scale numerical simulations. The results are used to provide empirical design equations and design guidelines on how to mitigate the effects of buckle propagation.

Start-up creation is the most distinctive feature of the entrepreneurial knowledge-based economy. It is also essential for economic growth and especially important in the current context of young graduate's high unemployment rates that are expected to increase in the next few decades. There are other books on the creation of start-up companies, designed to be of value to academics wishing to exploit the commercial value of a new technology or business solution, but none of these existing titles focus on start-up creation in the construction industry. In the second edition of this extremely successful title the editors present a state-of-the-art review on advanced technologies, and their application in several areas of the built environment covering energy efficiency, structural performance, air and water quality to inspire the creation of start-up companies from university research. Part One begins with the key factors behind successful start-up companies from university research, including the development of a business plan, start-up financing, and the importance of intellectual property. Part Two focuses on the use of Big Data, Intelligent decision support systems, the Internet of Things and their use in the energy efficiency of the built environment. Finally, Part three is an entire new section that focuses on several smartphone applications for the smart built environment. While in the first edition the section concerning apps for smart buildings had just two chapters, one for app programming basics and a second a case study on building security in this second edition the core of the book is about app development that constitutes 50% of the book.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 1st Congress in Sustainability, Energy and City (CSECity'21) held in Ambato, Ecuador, on June 28-29, 2021, proudly organized by Universidad Tecnologica Indoamerica in collaboration with GDEON. The CSECity brings together experts that promotes the dissemination of advances in sustainability, urbanism, energy, and industry research through the presentation of keynote conferences. In CSECity, theoretical, technical, or application works that are research products are presented to discuss and debate ideas, experiences, and challenges. Presenting high-quality, peer-reviewed papers, the book discusses the following topics: Energy sustainability Information and knowledge management Information technologies Innovation, technology, and society Software and systems modeling Software systems, architectures, applications, and tools Sustainable energy and the city.

Energieeffizienz und Energieeinsparung bilden - neben erneuerbaren Energien - die Saulen der zukunftigen Energiepolitik. Das Lehr- und Handbuch liefert das notwendige Wissen fur eine effiziente Energieumwandlung und -nutzung von Strom, von Warme und im Verkehr. Im Vordergrund steht das ingenieurtechnische Verstandnis der jeweiligen Technologien, die Autoren vermitteln aber zugleich oekonomisches, sozialwissenschaftliches, umweltrechtliches und oekologisches Grundlagenwissen. Mit praxisnahen UEbungsaufgaben und ubersichtlichen Exkurs-Boxen.

Der Band fuhrt in Grundlagen, Auslegung und rechnergestutzte Simulation stationarer und mobiler Gasturbinenanlagen ein. Ausgehend von den realen, thermodynamischen Arbeitsprozessen werden die Hauptkomponenten wie Turboverdichter, Turbinen und Brennraume dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird das stationare und instationare Betriebsverhalten simuliert sowie die Anpassung an verschiedene Lastbereiche und Einsatzbedingungen behandelt. Strategien zur Auslegungsmethodik und -optimierung werden insbesondere an typischen Turbofan-Triebwerken demonstriert."

Power Electronic Semiconductor Switches is the successor to Professor Ramshaw's widely-used Power Electronics. The text has been completely re-written and expanded to focus on semiconductor switches, and to take into account advances in the field since the publication of Power Electronics and changes in electrical and electronic engineering syllabuses.

Das Buch behandelt ausfuhrlich das Verhalten der thermischen Turbomaschinen unter geanderten Betriebsbedingungen und darauf aufbauend ihre Regelungseigenschaften. Weiter werden die spezifischen Festigkeitsprobleme der Turbomaschinen dargestellt. Diesen Kapiteln ist ein allgemeines Kapitel uber die Grundlagen der Festigkeitsrechnungen vorausgeschickt, das zwar diejenigen Aspekte besonders hervorhebt, die im Turbomaschinenbau vor allem wichtig sind, aber auch fur verwandte Gebiete bedeutsam ist, da eine geraffte Darstellung dieser Art bis heute fehlt. Der Bestimmung der Temperaturverteilung in den massgebenden Konstruktionsteilen (insbes. in der gekuhlten Gasturbine) ist ein weiteres Kapitel gewidmet. Den Abschluss bilden die Ausfuhrungen uber die Schaufelschwingungen und die lauftechnischen Probleme der Rotoren."

Das Werk gibt eine umfassende Darstellung der theoretischen Grundlagen zur Berechnung und Auslegung von Dampfturbinen, Gasturbinen und Turbokompressoren. Der erste Band behandelt die thermodynamische Prozessfuhrung von Dampf- und Gasturbinenanlagen und die thermodynamisch-stroemungstechnische Berechnung der Turbomaschinen selbst. Um zu einem vertieften Verstandnis zu fuhren, wird die Theorie stets aus den Grundwissenschaften heraus entwickelt, weshalb auch ein kurzer Abriss der thermodynamischen und stroemungstechnischen Grundlagen an den Anfang gestellt ist.

The contribution of buildings to climate change is widely acknowledged. This book investigates how building regulatory systems are addressing the current and future effects of climate change, and how these systems can be improved. After presenting a comprehensive overview of how the current building regulatory system developed, some of the inadequacies are identified. The largest part of the book examines the potential for innovative policy solutions to address the real world problem of mitigating and adapting buildings to climate change. This publication contributes significantly to our understanding of the complexities of long-term energy efficiency in buildings. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Building Research & Information journal.

This text looks at the future prospects for the British coal industry by investigating its historical role, and by examining it in the light of contemporary world coal trade.

The Third Edition of the Boiler Plant and Distribution System Optimization Manual has been upgraded with ten new checklists with over 100 ways to improve performance with 50 additional illustrations to communicate specific information about applying these technologies. The new checklists serve as a handy reference for designing an energy plan for your plants. Understanding that funds for energy come directly from your bottom line, this book has been designed for those tasked with increasing profits by reducing fuel costs while also reducing pollution and carbon footprints with attention to plant safety. The author presents many complex boiler-related topics in a simple and understandable way to simplify the decision-making process.

Architecture 2030; BUG; Biophilic Design; BIPV; Circular Economy; LEED; Passive Design; Solar Chimney; Systems Thinking; WELL; Xeriscaping. What does it all mean? The complex and evolving language used in the sustainable design community can be very challenging, particularly to those new to environmentally friendly and resource-efficient design strategies that are needed today. Definitions of over two hundred terms with further sources. Clearly cross-referenced with Sustainaspeak, Theoryspeak, and Archispeak terms. Illustrated throughout with sustainable award-winning buildings by e.g. Behnisch, Brooks + Scarpa, EHDD, KieranTimberlake, Lake|Flato, Leddy Mahtum Stacy, SmithGroup, Perkins+Will, ZGF, VMDO, and McDonough + Partners. Sustainaspeak: A Guide to Sustainable Design Terms provides a current guide to the sustainable design strategies, terms, and practices needed for the next generation of designers, architects, students, and community leaders to design a carbon-neutral world for future generations.

This book examines why authoritarian governments are willing to address environmental problems that have an international impact, such as CO2 emissions, but are reluctant to address problems that have only a domestic impact. In a case study of Azerbaijani oil politics, it demonstrates how the incumbent Azerbaijani regime has taken important measures trying to address CO2 emissions while ignoring the damage caused by oil pollution on the Caspian coast. The book argues that resource-rich authoritarian governments are eager to join international environmental initiatives to improve their image, but they address domestic environmental issues mainly if they threaten their hold on power. This book is an important contribution to scholarship on environmental governance in the post-Soviet space, an area that is poorly researched. Therefore, it is a must-read for researchers and scholars interested in post-Soviet studies, as well as in the nexus between mineral-rich regions and how social policy is created, e.g., environment, education, and healthcare. In addition, this book will be of tremendous importance for policymakers and international organizations as it looks into the motivation of authoritarian states in the post-Soviet space for environmental measures.

Energy Conservation Indicators is a methodology to break down energy consumption data into their component parts in the same way as those which are due to annual weather fluctuations, business cycle, structural changes in the economy and higher energy efficiency. This methodology is applied for the first time to all twelve Member Countries of the European Communities for the period 1979 to 1985. It represents a tool for a long-term monitoring of the efforts towards the goal set by the Council of Ministers of the European Community to achieve a 20% improvement in intensity of final energy demand between 1985 and 1995. In addition, it is used by the Commission of the European Communities for considerations regarding energy conservation policies for the Community. The results of the analysis performed showed that the goal set by the Council cannot be reached if the current trends prevail in the years to come. The reasons are the declining impact of structural changes towards less energy-intensive production and the increasing level of energy-consuming comfort in the residential and private transportation sectors.

Many approaches have been undertaken to mitigate global climate change, including the movement away from fossil fuels. Fossil Free Fuels: Trends in Renewable Energy examines several key topics, such as the utilization of biofuels as a sustainable renewable resource, recycling and untapped waste-to-energy products, and other carbon-neutral strategies in various industries, such as the transportation, construction, and manufacturing sectors. It provides recent updates on the latest technologies, modeling, design, and technical aspects, as well as several practical case studies. The current world energy scenario is examined and various solutions to larger environmental problems are outlined in terms of the shift to more alternative energy sources. Features: Minimizes technical jargon in a straightforward style for a wider audience Discusses sustainable options for different industries, such as the use of green materials in the construction sector, biofuels for transportation, and many more Includes numerous illustrations, tables, and figures to aid in understanding This book serves as a practical reference for engineers, researchers, environmental consultants working in renewable energy industries, and students.

"International Mineral Economics" provides an integrated overview of the concepts important for mineral exploration, mine valuation, mineral market analysis, and international mineral policies. The treatment is interdisciplinary, drawing on the fields of economics, geology, business, and mining engineering. Part I, Economic Geology and Mineral Development, examines the "technical" concepts important for understanding the geology of ore deposits, the methods of exploration and deposit evaluation, and the activities of mining and mineral processing. Part II, Mineral Economics, focuses on the "economic" and related concepts important for understanding mineral development, the evaluation of exploration and mining projects, and mineral markets and market models. Finally, Part III, International Mineral Policies, reviews and traces the historical development of the policies of international organizations, the industrialized countries, and the developing countries.

Die Entwicklung im Dampferzeuger- und Feuerungsbau hat im letzten Jahrzehnt beachtliche Fortschritte erzielt. Die Flut der Einzelveroeffentlichungen in Broschuren, Tagungsberichten und Fachzeitschriften zu verfolgen, ist kaum noch moeglich. Aus diesem Grund ist eine zusammenfassende Darstellung wie in diesem Buch unverzichtbar. Hier werden die physikalischen Zusammenhange und Erfahrungen aus der Praxis dargelegt. So koennen die komplizierten Wirkungsablaufe weiter entwickelt und in mathematische Rechenmodelle gefasst werden. Dem Umweltschutz wird breiter Raum gewidmet, da die Verbrennung massgeblich die OEkologie beeinflusst. Der Autor legt besonderen Wert auf anwendungsorientiertes Wissen und verbindet so Theorie und Praxis wirkungsvoll miteinander. Das Buch wendet sich an Ingenieure in der Energiewirtschaft und Kraftwerkstechnik. Es bietet eine zusammenfassende Darstellung des aktuellen Stands der Technik und kann in der Praxis hervorragend als Nachschlagewerk genutzt werden.

Die Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der Umweltpolitik. Die dominierenden Emissionen sind in Deutschland mit der Nutzung von Energie verbunden. Zur Unterst tzung von Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und anderen interessierten Gruppierungen bei der Erarbeitung m glichst rationeller Emissionsminderungsstrategien haben acht f hrende wissenschaftliche Institutionen im IKARUS-Projekt energiewirtschaftliche Modelle und eine umfassende Technik- und Rahmendatenbank entwickelt. Deren Inhalte, Potential, aber auch Grenzen werden hier beschrieben und anhand von Beispielen verdeutlicht.

Frequency disturbances, transients, grounding, interference...the issues related to power quality are many, and solutions to power quality problems can be complex. However, by combining theory and practice to develop a qualitative analysis of power quality, the issues become relatively straightforward, and one can begin to find solutions to power quality problems confronted in the real world. Power Quality builds the foundation designers, engineers, and technicians need to survive in the current power system environment. It treats power system theory and power quality principles as interdependent entities, and balances these with a wealth of practical examples and data drawn from the author's 30 years of experience in the design, testing, and trouble-shooting of power systems. It compares different power quality measurement instruments and details ways to correctly interpret power quality data. It also presents alternative solutions to power quality problems and compares them for feasibility and economic viability. Power quality problems can have serious consequences, from loss of productivity to loss of life, but they can be easily prevented. You simply need a good understanding of electrical power quality and its impact on the performance of power systems. By changing the domain of power quality from one of theory to one of practice, this book imparts that understanding and will develop your ability to effectively measure, test, and resolve power quality problems.

Zielsetzungen und Inhalt Das hiermit vorgelegte Werk gilt dem Ziel aufbauend auf hinreichenden Kenntnissen von Prozess- und Stoffeigenschaften, des Werkstoff-, Betriebs- und Stoerverhaltens sowie der Sicherheitsbewertung, ferner unter Heranziehung der dem jeweiligen Problemumfang angemessenen Hilfs mittel Komponenten und Anlagen des Stoff- und Energiewandlungsbereiches wirt schaftlich zu planen, rechnerisch auszulegen, zu gestalten und schliesslich in Betrieb zu nehmen. Dabei steht die konstruktive Betrachtung im Vordergrund. Apparate- und Anlagentechnik sind keineswegs immer selbstandige Disziplinen gewesen. Arbeits- und Denkweisen orientierten sich etwa zu gleichen Teilen am Maschinenbau und vorwiegend dessen thermischer Ausrichtung, an verfahrens technischen Grundoperationen sowie an der Prozesstechnik. Erst die zunehmende wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Prozessindustrien fuhrte in Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung neuer oder der Verfeinerung bekannter Verfahren zu einer Abgrenzung gegen Bestehendes. Damit ist auch der Zeitpunkt gekommen, den Versuch zu unternehmen, Zusammengehoeriges wie das Arbeitsgebiet der Apparate und Anlagentechnik als Einheit zu sehen und darzustellen. Das bedingt allein vom Umfang her Verzicht auf die Wiedergabe alles Bekannten. Das Buch will vielmehr die Grundzuge gesicherten Wissens vermitteln, den Blick auf Wesentliches lenken und Querverbindungen zu benachbarten Fachgebieten herstellen.

Resilience has become a very topical issue transcending many spheres and sectors of sustainable urban development. This book presents a resilience framework for sustainable cities and towns in Africa. The rise in informal settlements is due to the urban planning practices in most African cities that rarely reflect the realities of urban life and environment for urban development. Aspects of places, people and process are central to the concept of urban resilience and sustainable urban growth. It stems from the observation that urban vulnerability is on the increase in Zimbabwe and beyond. In history, disasters have adversely affected nations across the world, inflicting wide ranging losses on one hand while on the other hand creating development opportunities for urban communities. Cooperation in disaster management is a strategy for minimising losses and uplifting the affected urban settlements. The significance of urban planning and design in the growth and development of sustainable urban centres is well documented. Urbanisation has brought with it challenges that most developing countries such as Zimbabwe are not equipped to handle. This has been accompanied by problems such as overpopulation, overcrowding, shortages of resources and the growth of slum settlements. There need is to seriously consider urban planning and design in order to come up with contemporary designs that are resilient to current urban challenges. There are major gaps in urban resilience building for instance in Harare and the local authority needs to prioritise investment in resilient urban infrastructure.

Die regenerativen Energietrager haben bereits heute einen signifikanten Anteil an der weltweiten Stromerzeugung. 1m Jahre 1997 trugen sie knapp 20 % zur Gesamt- produktion von etwa 12. 000 TWh bei. Dieser Anteil wurde fast ausschlieBlich von der Wasserkraft gedeckt, der Beitrag der Solarthermie war mit 0,7 TWh sehr klein, obwohl bereits Ende des letzten, Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts erste Anlagen u. a. zum Antrieb von Bewasserungspumpen auf Basis solarthermischer Stromerzeugung gebaut wurden. Der Einsatz von kostengtinstigerem 01 und anderen fossilen Brenn- stoffen verhinderte damals weitere Entwicklungen, und erst mit dem Beginn der Energiekrise 1973/74 wurden diese Technologien neu entdeckt. Wahrend die Para- bolrinnenkraftwerke SEGS I-IX mit 354 MWel in Kalifornien schon bewiesen, daB unter gtinstigen Rahmenbedingungen ein kommerzieHer Betrieb moglich ist, bieten z. B. Paraboloidkraftwerke mit im Brennpunkt angeordneten Stirling-Motoren erst die Perspektive, bei Serienfertigung Strom in abgelegenen Gebieten des aquatoria- len Gtirtels giinstiger zu gestehen als die dort bisher genutzten Dieselaggregate. ABe solarthermischen Anlagen erfordern eine direkte Einstrahlung von mindestens 2 1800 kWh/m a, so daB ihr Einsatz nur in Gebieten zwischen etwa 40 Degrees nordlicher und siidlicher Breite, also beispielsweise nicht in Deutschland, okonomisch sinnvoH ist. Das hier vorliegende Buch ist aus dem Skriptum zur Vorlesung "Stromerzeugung durch erneuerbare Energietrager", we\che an der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum seit dem Wintersemester 1996 als Wahlfach bzw. als Teilnahmefach der Vertiefungsrichtung "Energieversorgung" gelesen wird, hervorgegangen.

This book assesses how low-carbon generation, the advance of energy storage and consumer-based models can help decarbonise electricity supplies at a national level. This book is built around developing a decarbonised electricity mix for Britain which reduces fossil fuels from 50% of supply in 2018 down to levels within 2030 carbon targets. Crossland explores the idea of a future energy storage mix which blends domestic batteries, vehicles, thermal stores and pumped hydro to provide a flexible, responsive electricity system. He then goes on to look at how much storage can contribute to decarbonisation in a multitude of contexts - from domestic to national electricity. This book also discusses how efficiency and self-sufficiency can bring about a decarbonised electricity use within our homes today. Britain is used as the main example, but the themes and conclusions are applicable to a global audience, and each chapter draws on practical case studies from around the world to illustrate key ideas. Drawing on the author's experience in delivering and analysing low-carbon energy projects in the UK, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Oceania, this book will be of great relevance to students, scholars and industry specialists with an interest in energy technology, policy and storage.

Air Distribution in Buildings is a concise and practical guide to air distribution system design and managing air conditioning systems in buildings. Making use of 40 years of experience in the design of air conditioning and ventilations systems, and other electromechanical services, this structured reference for built environment engineering offers in-depth coverage of air distribution technology. The text brings together a wide range of information and offers technical guidance on the design, calculation, and efficient operation of air distribution in buildings. The text highlights the special characteristics of air distribution in individual spaces. It presents the basic and fundamental concepts of air distribution as it relates to grilles and outlets, room space, and buildings. It focuses on air distribution systems in large buildings, starting with simple rooms and then moving on to more complex configurations. It also sums up the latest standards and best practices in air conditioning engineering. Includes knowledge of the new trends in buildings' air distribution Provides systematic analyses of the air flow regimes, heat transfer, and relative humidity in a collection of special built environments Presents energy analyses of the air conditioning systems for operating theaters and sporting facilities in unusual and severe climatic conditions Offers a description of flow characteristics in archeological monuments with emphasis on combating excessive moisture Introduces examples of very dense occupancy built environments, moisture sensitive environments, and open space air conditioning Details advanced treatment of flow characterization in large public buildings This text serves as an ideal resource for air conditioning engineers, contractors, and consultants. It also benefits mechanical and architectural engineering students.