Over the next few years political and financial power will move in the direction of individuals, companies and nations that are able to use energy in a more efficient way. This book describes this challenge and presents a way forward by which we may achieve the goal of increased energy efficiency in the different areas that need to change.

Rapid evolution of trade, cultural and human relations provides the qualitative and quantitative enhancement of international collaborations, linking the countries with different economical and technological level. Delocalization of High-Tech industry inevitably leads to development of the material science and engineering researches in emergent countries, requiring transfer of know-how, restructuration of basic research and educational networks. This book presents the contributions of participants of the Advanced Research Workshop "Smart Materials for Energy, Communications and Security" (ARW SMECS; www.smecs.ferroix.net), organized in December 2007 in Marrakech in frame of the "NATO - Science for Peace" program. The objective of this event was the attempt to overview several hot topics of material physics related with problems of modern society: transformation and storage of energy, treatment and transmission of information, environmental security issues etc., with the focus of their implementation in Mediterranean Dialogue (MD) countries: Algeria, Egypt, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia. The workshop is an important stage in developing of the research network "Mediterranean Electronic Materials" - MEM (www.reseau-MEM.org), that has an objective to encourage the inter-Maghreb and Europe-Maghreb collaborative studies in the area of electroactive materials. Participants of the Advanced Research Workshop "Smart Materials for Energy, Communications and Security" , Marrakech, Morocco, December 2007 v vi PREFACE

Edited by prominent researchers and with contributions from experts in their individual areas, Intelligent Energy Field Manufacturing: Interdisciplinary Process Innovations explores a new philosophy of engineering. An in-depth introduction to Intelligent Energy Field Manufacturing (EFM), this book explores a fresh engineering methodology that not only integrates but goes beyond methodologies such as Design for Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing, Concurrent Engineering, TRIZ, green and sustainable manufacturing, and more. This book gives a systematic introduction to classic non-mechanical manufacturing processes as well as offering big pictures of some technical frontiers in modern engineering. The book suggests that any manufacturing process is actually a process of injecting human intelligence into the interaction between material and the various energy fields in order to transfer the material into desired configurations. It discusses technological innovation, dynamic M-PIE flows, the generalities of energy fields, logic functional materials and intelligence, the open scheme of intelligent EFM implementation, and the principles of intelligent EFM. The book takes a highly interdisciplinary approach that includes research frontiers such as micro/nano fabrication, high strain rate processes, laser shock forming, materials science and engineering, bioengineering, etc., in addition to a detailed treatment of the so called "non-traditional" manufacturing processes, which covers waterjet machining, laser material processing, ultrasonic material processing, EDM/ECM, etc. Filled with illustrative pictures, figures, and tables that make technical materials more absorbable, the book cuts across multiple engineering disciplines. The majority of books in this area report the facts of proven knowledge, while the behind-the-scenes thinking is usually neglected. This book examines the big picture of manufacturing in depth before diving into the deta

Transition Engineering: Building a Sustainable Future examines new strategies emerging in response to the mega-issues of global climate change, decline in world oil supply, scarcity of key industrial minerals, and local environmental constraints. These issues pose challenges for organizations, businesses, and communities, and engineers will need to begin developing ideas and projects to implement the transition of engineered systems. This work presents a methodology for shifting away from unsustainable activities. Teaching the Transition Engineering approach and methodology is the focus of the text, and the concept is presented in a way that engineers can begin applying it in their work.

Solar technologies are emerging as the sustainable technology of choice for those commissioning new buildings. Integrated photovoltaics offer huge potential for delivering renewable energy without generating harmful pollutants.

Discussing current market conditions and the economics of this technology, the author balances the physics and engineering background of solar heating, cooling and building integrated photovoltaics with practical applications.

A complete overview of solar technologies relevant to the built environment, this book

• Explains how to integrate solar technology into building design concepts.
• Outlines the use of passive solar energy for daylighting and heating supply.
• Discusses solar thermal energy for heating and cooling as well as photovolatics for electricity production.
• Presents the meteorological background to irradiance calculations.
• Provides engineering planning aids for innovative energy supply systems.
• Contains practical examples and calculation methods to enable component and system simulation.

Solar Technologies for Buildings is an excellent reference for scientists, engineers, planners, researchers and students, involved in developing solar energy systems. Architects integrating solar technologies in building design will find this application-orientated approach useful.

All life on earth is dependent on energy from the sun, but one species has evolved to be especially efficient in tapping that supply. This is the story of the human species and its dedicated effort to sustain and elevate itself by making the earth s stores of energy its own. A story of slow evolutionary change and sharp revolutionary departures, it takes readers from the origins of the species to our current fork in the road.

With a winning blend of wit and insight, Alfred W. Crosby reveals the fundamental ways in which humans have transformed the world and themselves in their quest for energy. When they first started, humans found fuel much like other species in the simple harvesting of wild plants and animals. A major turn in the human career came with the domestication of fire, an unprecedented achievement unique to the species. The greatest advantage from this breakthrough came in its application to food. Cooking vastly increased the store of organic matter our ancestors could tap as food, and the range of places they could live. As they spread over the earth, humans became more complicated harvesters, negotiating alliances with several other species plant and animal leading to the birth of agriculture and civilizations. For millennia these civilizations tapped sun energy through the burning of recently living biomass wood, for instance. But humans again took a revolutionary turn in the last two centuries with the systematic burning of fossilized biomass. Fossil fuels have powered our industrial civilization and in turn multiplied our demand for sun energy. Here we are then, on the verge of exceeding what the available sources of sun energy can conventionally afford us, and suffering the ill effects of our seemingly insatiable energy appetite. A found of the field of global history, Crosby gives a book that glows with illuminating power."

Electricity is an essential commodity traded at power exchanges. Its price is very volatile within a day and over the year. This raises questions about the efficiency of the trading rules. The author develops a non-cooperative auction model analyzing the bidding behavior of producers at power exchanges. Producers are limited by the production capacity of their power plants. Production costs are affiliated. This allows for independence or positive correlation. The author analyzes and compares a uniform-price, a discriminatory, and a generalized second-price auction. Optimal bids, cost efficiency, profits, and consumer prices are examined. A simple probability density function of affiliated production costs is given and used for examples. Numerical results are presented. The results of the analysis can help improving the bidding strategies of producers, selecting the best auction type at power exchanges or detecting price manipulations.

A guide to the role of static state estimation in the mitigation of potential system failures With contributions from a noted panel of experts on the topic, Advances in Electric Power and Energy: Static State Estimation addresses the wide-range of issues concerning static state estimation as a main energy control function and major tool for evaluating prevailing operating conditions in electric power systems worldwide. This book is an essential guide for system operators who must be fully aware of potential threats to the integrity of their own and neighboring systems. The contributors provide an overview of the topic and review common threats such as cascading black-outs to model-based anomaly detection to the operation of micro-grids and much more. The book also includes a discussion of an effective mathematical programming approach to state estimation in power systems. Advances in Electric Power and Energy reviews the most recent developments in the field and: Offers an introduction to the topic to help non-experts (and professionals) get up-to-date on static state estimation Covers the essential information needed to understand power system state estimation written by experts on the subject Discusses a mathematical programming approach Written for electric power system planners, operators, consultants, power system software developers, and academics, Advances in Electric Power and Energy is the authoritative guide to the topic with contributions from experts who review the most recent developments.

This book describes the current state of the art in the retrofit of existing distillation processes using advanced distillation techniques. Highlighting concept and practical application rather than theory, it emphasizes the use of advanced process integration and intensification techniques, such as multi-effect distillation, heat pump assisted distillation, thermally coupled distillation, dividing wall column, reactive distillation, and innovative hybrid systems. As a thermal separation method, distillation is one of the most important and widely used technologies in the chemical process industry. While it has many advantages, one major drawback is its large energy requirement, which can significantly influence overall plant profitability. The increasing cost of energy has forced industry to reduce its energy requirement, but simultaneously there has been a need to increase capacity and output due to heightened demand. To accomplish this, the retrofit of distillation processes to increase efficiency and output has become a crucial issue. This book describes the use of advanced process integration and process intensification techniques to carry out effective distillation retrofit. Written by leading researchers in distillation process, process integration, process intensification, and process retrofit, the book presents a comprehensive review of contemporary advanced distillation techniques which can be employed in grass-root systems and retrofit. It is a valuable source of information for undergraduate and postgraduate students of chemical engineering, practicing process designers and chemical engineers.

Kostensenkung und Umweltentlastung bei dem Betrieb von Alten- und Pflegeheimen sind umsetzbar, wenn die Energiesparpotenziale zielgerichtet genutzt werden.
Das Buch unterstutzt die Betreiber von Alten- und Pflegeheimen bei der Bewertung der Energieeffizienz ihrer typischen Bereiche und Anlagen. Es werden praktikable Hilfestellungen fur die Aufdeckung vorhandener Kostensenkungspotenziale gegeben. Neben einer ubersichtlichen Beschreibung der Struktur und des Energieeinsatzes der Alten- und Pflegeheime werden die Ergebnisse aus einer bundesweit durchgefuhrten energiewirtschaftlichen Befragung unter Alten- und Pflegeheimen sowie Beispiele aus Energieanalysen in zwolf Alten- und Pflegeheimen wiedergegeben.
Schwerpunkt ist eine detaillierte energiewirtschaftliche Betrachtung der wesentlichen typischen Bereiche (Grosskuche, Wascherei, etc.) und Anlagen (Heizung, Luftung, etc.) in Alten- und Pflegeheimen. Erganzt wird das Buch durch wertvolle Hinweise fur technische und organisatorische Massnahmen zur Optimierung der Energiewirtschaft, zur Durchfuhrung eigener energieorientierter Analysen sowie zur Einfuhrung eines Energiemanagements in Alten- und Pflegeheimen.
Das Buch ist das Ergebnis des vom Land NRW geforderten Projektes "Energiekonzept fur Alten- und Pflegeheime," welches zum Ziel hatte, Konzepte zur rationellen Energienutzung fur Alten- und Pflegeheime zu entwickeln.

Energy and feedstock materials for the chemical industry are in increasing demand and, with constraints related to the availability and use of oil, the energy and chemical industry is undergoing considerable changes. In recent years, major restructuring has occurred in the oil, petrochemical, and chemical industry, with increasing attention devoted to the use of natural gas, methane in particular, as a chemical feedstock rather than just as a fuel. The conversion of remote natural gas into liquid fuels or other transportable chemicals is a challenge to industrial catalysis. Few processes exist so far with the major ones involving the conversion of natural gas to synthesis gas by steam reforming, CO2 reforming, or partial oxidation, followed by the syntheses of methanol, hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis), or ammonia.

In this book, a comprehensive overview of the field of processing natural gas is given, through a series of chapters written by leading scientists and engineers in the field. New developments are discussed and current work relevant to the area is shown by a series of recent works by researchers working in this and related fields.

As societies face the challenge of securing an efficient and environmentally sound energy supply, researchers have strived to determine the future development of energy consumption, infrastructure and technology endowment.

This book proposes a new agent-based approach to studying the development of urban energy systems. Decisions of private and commercial investors and operators are modeled using a bounded rational decision model which are parameterized by socio-economic data. The study goes on to analyze the impact of firms competition on technology diffusion and calculate diffusion curves for energy technologies such as solar collectors, boilers and efficiency upgrades for buildings. While making an important methodological contribution to the field of energy modelling, the author also presents practical results which will help urban planners and policy makers take more accurate decisions.

As societies face the challenge of securing an efficient and environmentally sound energy supply, researchers have strived to determine the future development of energy consumption, infrastructure and technology resources.

This book proposes a new agent-based approach to studying the development of urban energy systems. Decisions of private and commercial investors and operators are modeled using a bounded rational decision model which are parameterized by socio-economic data. The study goes on to analyze the impact of firms competition on technology diffusion and to calculate diffusion curves for energy technologies such as solar collectors, boilers and efficiency upgrades for buildings. While making an important methodological contribution to the field of energy modeling, the author also presents practical results, which will help policy makers and urban planners make more accurate decisions."

This open access book is interdisciplinary and provides cross-sectoral and multi-dimensional exploration of sustainable development and transportation in South Africa. Drawing on work from different disciplines, the book contributes not only to academia but also seeks to inform urban and regional policy with the view of contributing to the national aspirations of South Africa as espoused in the National Development Plan (NDP), 2030, National Spatial Development Framework (NSDF) Draft (2019), National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCASS) Draft (2019), Green Transport Strategy for South Africa (2018-2050), and National Transportation Plan (NATMAP), 2050. Adopting a multi-dimensional assessment, the book provides a background for co-production concerning climate change, sustainable development, and transportation in the Global South. The book contributes in its analysis of the institutional and legislative framework that relates to the climate change, skills and knowledge transfer, sustainable development, and transportation in South Africa, as these are responsible for the evolution of the green economy and transport sector in the country. The connections among different sectors and issues such as environment, transport modes, technology innovation, vehicle management and emission control, skills and knowledge transfer, legislative and policy framework, and the wider objectives of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially goals 11 to 13. The success stories relating to climate change, sustainable development, and transportation in South Africa are identified together with the best possible practices that may inform better environmental, urban and regional planning, policy, practice, and management.

As the new century came, the world began to turn its back on the reckless developments of the past that resulted in global pollution and the deep misery it entails, a climate getting out of kilter, the threat of a nuclear war, and all perils brought about by the unchecked use of fossil and atomic resources. We have now resolutely begun to move to a life that believes in harmony with nature, with the Sun. Not only the climate but everyone is a winner going with the Sun, the celestial body that distinguishes itself with its constancy and bounties. Thanks to innovation and mass production, the power derived from the Sun now beats the conventional energy sector with its own strength: socio-economy. Solar energy has become cheaper than the energy harvested from conventional resources. The result is a booming economy that is not just sustainable, but is also capable of producing millions of new jobs. In this book, Wolfgang Palz, an independent expert on energy matters and the economy, presents his views on a solar revolution to which he made significant contributions. It is not a compendium of ecological dreams and wishful thinking for a better world, but a thorough report, buttressed with facts and figures, on what happened. Beginning with fundamentals, the book discusses the key role of the Sun in nature and life. It details what happened when the search for a cleaner world began and elaborates the efforts of the people who brought about the change.

This open access textbook introduces the emerging field of Development Engineering and its constituent theories, methods, and applications. It is both a teaching text for students and a resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in the design and scaling of technologies for low-resource communities. The scope is broad, ranging from the development of mobile applications for low-literacy users to hardware and software solutions for providing electricity and water in remote settings. It is also highly interdisciplinary, drawing on methods and theory from the social sciences as well as engineering and the natural sciences. The opening section reviews the history of "technology-for-development" research, and presents a framework that formalizes this body of work and begins its transformation into an academic discipline. It identifies common challenges in development and explains the book's iterative approach of "innovation, implementation, evaluation, adaptation." Each of the next six thematic sections focuses on a different sector: energy and environment; market performance; education and labor; water, sanitation and health; digital governance; and connectivity. These thematic sections contain case studies from landmark research that directly integrates engineering innovation with technically rigorous methods from the social sciences. Each case study describes the design, evaluation, and/or scaling of a technology in the field and follows a single form, with common elements and discussion questions, to create continuity and pedagogical consistency. Together, they highlight successful solutions to development challenges, while also analyzing the rarely discussed failures. The book concludes by reiterating the core principles of development engineering illustrated in the case studies, highlighting common challenges that engineers and scientists will face in designing technology interventions that sustainably accelerate economic development. Development Engineering provides, for the first time, a coherent intellectual framework for attacking the challenges of poverty and global climate change through the design of better technologies. It offers the rigorous discipline needed to channel the energy of a new generation of scientists and engineers toward advancing social justice and improved living conditions in low-resource communities around the world.

Higher education is a strange beast. Teaching is a critical skill for scientists in academia, yet one that is barely touched upon in their professional training-despite being a substantial part of their career. This book is a practical guide for anyone teaching STEM-related academic disciplines at the college level, from graduate students teaching lab sections and newly appointed faculty to well-seasoned professors in want of fresh ideas. Terry McGlynn's straightforward, no-nonsense approach avoids off-putting pedagogical jargon and enables instructors to become true ambassadors for science. For years, McGlynn has been addressing the need for practical and accessible advice for college science teachers through his popular blog Small Pond Science. Now he has gathered this advice as an easy read-one that can be ingested and put to use on short deadline. Readers will learn about topics ranging from creating a syllabus and developing grading rubrics to mastering online teaching and ensuring safety during lab and fieldwork. The book also offers advice on cultivating productive relationships with students, teaching assistants, and colleagues.

This volume contains an archival record of the NATO Advanced Institute on Microscale Heat Transfer - Fundamental and Applications in Biological and Microelectromechanical Systems held in Cesme - Izmir, Turkey, July 18-30, 2004. The ASIs are intended to be high-level teaching activity in scientific and technical areas of current concern. In this volume, the reader may find interesting chapters and various Microscale Heat Transfer Fundamental and Applications. The growing use of electronics, in both military and civilian applications has led to the widespread recognition for need of thermal packaging and management. The use of higher densities and frequencies in microelectronic circuits for computers are increasing day by day. They require effective cooling due to heat generated that is to be dissipated from a relatively low surface area. Hence, the development of efficient cooling techniques for integrated circuit chips is one of the important contemporary applications of Microscale Heat Transfer which has received much attention for cooling of high power electronics and applications in biomechanical and aerospace industries. Microelectromechanical systems are subject of increasing active research in a widening field of discipline. These topics and others are the main themeof this Institute."

Communication within project-based environments presents special challenges. Many of the problems that develop in construction projects are a result of both the temporary and inter-disciplinary nature of project teams. Each player having a different employer complicates the situation further.This book offers practical guidance on possible solutions to communication problems, featuring a number of examples related to the construction industry. Several non-typical perspectives on the process of communication are introduced, to encourage the reader to think about communication in a new way. 'Thinking with diagrams', for example, is useful for those such as architects who work primarily with visual communication media. This can be contrasted with the 'visual perception' approach, which emphasises the rational and scientific aspects of human biology. The combination of different perspectives highlights the diversity of communication problems facing those working within project-based environments.

Alternative Fuel Vehicles gives full coverage of all associated qualifications and awards in the emerging field of alternative fuels. It is an essential introduction to the ever-growing demand for vehicles that operate using non-conventional fuels. This first book on AFVs endorsed by the IMI begins with an overview of the subject, ideal for beginners, before outlining what is meant by alternative fuels, why they are necessary, and why climate change and associated legislation are key drivers. Details of how alternative fuels are made, the supply infrastructure, and how these vehicles work are all included. A chapter on fuel cells introduces learners to the use of hydrogen, and one on engines and engine management includes coverage of combustion as an aid to understanding why changing the type of engine fuel is complex. Some basic engine technology is included to help readers new to the subject. Real-life case studies and examples are used to illustrate different technologies in current use, and to speculate on new developments. This book is an ideal companion to any unit of study on alternative fuel, but will also be of interest to working technicians and keen amateurs.

Terahertz technology has moved on from being a useful but expensive circuit technique, applied largely in astronomy and space science, to become a subject in its own right, with important applications - terahertz imaging in particular. Indeed, the driving force in terahertz technology is currently imaging and spectroscopy. We now have the means to obtain images and chemical information in this frequency band. The images reproduced in this volume are striking and, not surprisingly, the clinical and analytical uses are the subject of intense activity. There is still, however, no complete range of active THz electronic components, but an encouraging conclusion of the book is that THz electronics will become necessary in communications systems in the foreseeable future. Terahertz technology has come of age, and the future lies open to new, exciting science and vital applications.

The book follows a unified approach to present the basic principles of rocket propulsion in concise and lucid form. This textbook comprises of ten chapters ranging from brief introduction and elements of rocket propulsion, aerothermodynamics to solid, liquid and hybrid propellant rocket engines with chapter on electrical propulsion. Worked out examples are also provided at the end of chapter for understanding uncertainty analysis. This book is designed and developed as an introductory text on the fundamental aspects of rocket propulsion for both undergraduate and graduate students. It is also aimed towards practicing engineers in the field of space engineering. This comprehensive guide also provides adequate problems for audience to understand intricate aspects of rocket propulsion enabling them to design and develop rocket engines for peaceful purposes.

Die Aluminiumdruckgussbranche sieht sich einem sehr hohen Kostendruck durch hohe Energieintensitat der Produktion sowie steigende Energie- und Rohstoffpreise ausgesetzt. In dem Verbundforschungsprojekt ProGRess wurden gezielt Losungen erarbeitet, um unternehmensubergreifend den Energie- und Ressourcenverbrauch signifikant zu senken. Die in der Praxis erprobten Losungen werden anhand von Fallbeispielen in der Wertschopfungskette vorgestellt. Die Auswirkungen der vorgeschlagenen Massnahmen in der Praxis konnen in einem ganzheitlichen Bewertungsansatz fur Produktionsprozessketten verglichen werden

Das Buch stellt spezielle Kenntnisse und Daten aus der Praxis zu Turboverdichtern in Flugtriebwerken zusammen. Damit enthalt es das notwendige Wissen fur die praktische technische Entwicklung, Auslegung und Konstruktion. Der Autor erlautert die Entwicklung der Auslegungs- und Betriebsparameter, die gegenseitigen Abhangigkeiten und die geeigneten Kombinationen der Auslegungsparameter. Grundlage dafur sind umfassende Daten aus der industriellen Entwicklung. Alle Arten von Verdichterkomponenten und Verdichterbauweisen werden berucksichtigt."

Focusing on topics of interest to the practicing engineer, this book codifies the many relevant books, papers, and reports written on this hybrid subject into a single, coherent reference. It looks at each topic from a somewhat narrow perspective to see how that topic affects modeling in industrial combustion. Thorough and clearly representing the techniques and issues confronted in industry, Computational Fluid Dynamics in Industrial Combustion will help bring readers quickly up to date on current methods and gain the ability to set up and solve the various types of problems they will encounter.

Combustion Emissions: Formation, Reaction, and Removal of Trace Metals in Combustion Products presents the latest scientific knowledge on combustion, with a particular focus on the behavior of elements in this high temperature method of energy generation. The book describes methods of control and establishes a solid base of understanding for future research. Encyclopedic in style and consistent in format, each chapter systematically presents a complete analysis of the combustion behavior of each element and guides the reader in resolving specific problems. This includes source levels in fuels and fuel usage, emission and pollutant release into the environment and environmental effects, and more. Societal impacts and environmental concerns are considered throughout, highlighting sustainability aspects across a diverse range of applications, such as within power plants, automobiles and propulsion.