The role of the energy manager has evolved significantly as the task of cutting greenhouse gas emissions from buildings has become increasingly important. Managers are now technical experts, negotiators, construction project managers, procurement specialists, efficiency advocates and often provide energy services to others. This comprehensive book covers how to: * conduct an energy audit * plan a monitoring and verification strategy * make any energy-saving campaign successful * evaluate and make the financial case for energy-saving measures * make use of free energy for lighting and managing heat loss and gain. It also contains special chapters on: * ventilation, heating and cooling * demand management through automated systems * lighting * most requirements of industrial facilities * regulatory requirements in Britain, Europe and the United States * the use of smart meters and monitoring * how to achieve zero energy buildings * the use of renewable energy. For all professional energy, building and facilities managers, energy consultants, students, trainees and academics. It takes the reader from basic concepts to the latest advanced thinking, with principles applicable anywhere in the world and in any climate.

This book brings together diverse contributions exploring the integration of gender equality in current national energy policies and international energy frameworks across the Global South and North. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, this collection contributes to building a body of independent empirical evidence about the impacts of the energy transition on socio-economic outcomes, with a focus on gender differentiated choices of energy forms. The book includes short reflections in each chapter allowing the reader to explore the content from an alternative perspective. The common thread enabling the book to actively contribute to engendering the energy transition is its approach to the topic from a primarily 'gender' driven perspective. The book draws many useful lessons from practice and shares gender mainstreaming tools for use across the Global South and the North. Such an approach brings novel insights from theoretical, methodological and practical perspectives, which further promotes cross-disciplinary learning and will be of interest to researchers and practitioners from across the Energy and Gender disciplines.

The ambition of most countries across the world is to develop a low-carbon economy, evidenced by the fact that the vast majority of countries have signed the Paris COP21 agreement. This book contends that this global societal transition to a low-carbon economy must be just. As such, it will be an invaluable and accessible reference for scholars from all research disciplines who aim in their research to see a fairer, more equitable and inclusive world where sustainability is at the fore and climate targets are achieved.This is the first in-depth and original analysis to explore the central importance of law in achieving a just transition to a low-carbon economy. In addition, it advances the JUST framework, a unique framework for assessing the just transition. This important research and theoretical tool provides a practical perspective as it ensures the geographical space and timelines of development are factored into analysis. The research also provides analysis on the just transition movement around the world and the influence of international institutions. Through several case studies on Just Transition Commissions and Critical Mineral Development, the book details and demonstrates key elements of justice, including distributive, procedural, restorative, recognition, and cosmopolitan justice. It is clear from the analysis that while these are vast areas for analysis, if applied in practice, they all centrally contribute to ensuring society will advance in achieving a just transition to a low-carbon economy.

This book is a direct outgrowth of classes that the authors gave over a period of three decades to a university audience taking a Mineral Beneficiation course as a major that included coal processing and utilization. It is designed to be used as a student's (or layman's) first introduction to coal processing and utilization, motivating the concepts before illustrating them by means of concrete situations. As such, this book gives an integrated overview of coal processing and utilization along with clean coal technology, presenting all the basic principles, theory and practice in a systematic way. Every topic covered is dealt with in a self-explanatory manner so that any new reader may find this book interesting and easy to understand. The book makes available the hard core of fundamentals of coal processing and utilization in a form which is general enough to meet the needs of many and yet is unburdened by excess baggage best discussed in research journals. The salient feature is that all the technical terminology used in this book has been sufficiently explained in order to allow the reader to understand the concepts effectively without needing to consult additional literature. Problems are introduced not so much to be solved as to be tackled. Some of them are included to lay the ground work for the subsequent theory and will help the readers in teaching, research and operating plants. Overall, this book will be of interest to professionals and engineers in the fields of energy, mining, mineral, metallurgical and geological engineering, as well as to engineering geologists and earth sciences professionals.

Energy Efficiency in the Urban Environment is a study of energy crisis, urbanisation, and climate change, as well as a discussion of how to combat these global challenges. With a special focus on Egypt, this book addresses the macroscale of urbanism from the perspective of city dwellers' quality of life, and explores the microscale of buildings and the perspective of ensuring indoor air quality within the boundaries of energy efficiency. Offering an integrated view of energy systems and urban planning supported by extensive data, references, and case studies, this text: Examines the energy efficiency performance of cities following sustainable urbanism principles Investigates how informal areas in developing countries achieve sustainable development Presents energy-efficient urban planning as a tool for improving city energy performance Proposes the development of a common procedure for obtaining an energy performance certificate Calculates the energy performance of buildings, accounting for heating/cooling systems and other variables Energy Efficiency in the Urban Environment demonstrates the importance of implementing an energy performance directive to aid energy savings in large buildings and set regulations for energy-efficient designs based on standard calculation methods. This book provides engineers working with sustainable energy systems, urban planners needing information on energy systems and optimisation, and professors and students of engineering, environmental science, and urban planning with a valuable reference on energy sustainability.

A reduction in the energy demand of buildings can make a major contribution to achieving national and international carbon reduction goals, in addition to addressing the interlinked issues of sustainable development, fuel poverty and fuel security. Despite improvements in thermal efficiency, the energy demand of buildings stubbornly remains unchanged, or is only declining slowly, due to the challenges posed by growing populations, the expectations of larger, more comfortable and better equipped living spaces, and an expanding commercial sector. Building Futures offers an interdisciplinary approach to explore this lack of progress, combining technical and social insights into the challenges of designing, constructing and operating new low energy buildings, as well as improving the existing, inefficient, building stock. The twin roles of energy efficiency, which is predominantly concerned with technological solutions, and energy conservation which involves changing peoples' behaviour, are both explored. The book includes a broad geographical range and scale of case studies from the UK, Europe and further afield, including Passivhaus in Germany and the UK, Dongtan Eco City in China and retrofit houses in Denmark. This book is a valuable resource for students and academics of environmental science and energy-based subjects as well as construction and building management professionals.

Energy Efficiency (EE) has been recognized since the early 1970s as the most relevant mechanism to optimize the way we meet our energy needs. The rationale behind this book is to present where the Canadian EE sector stands today to all Canadian stakeholders and those interested around the world. The Canada Energy Efficiency Outlook aims to outline the different environments that support EE development in our highly diversified provinces and territories, as well as at the national level, and consequently allow the reader to better understand the complexities involved. More globally, this book serves as an important reference for all interested parties on how Canada has variably innovated and developed mechanisms to achieve the goal of making this country more energy efficient.

A compilation of decades of knowledge spanning the author's career as a mechanical engineer specializing in heat transfer and thermodynamics in the solar and aerospace industries, this book is instantly practicable. Topics include definitions of energy terms, relationship of the sun and earth, sunlight on the earth, heat transfer, solar collectors, absorbed solar energy, solar domestic hot water systems, solar photovoltaic systems, solar space heating, solar power towers, Stirling engine solar power systems, passive solar energy, and greenhouse solar collector. Appendices cover Carnot and Stirling Efficiency, mathematical techniques for solving heat transfer problems, and case studies. The book includes an Excel(r)-based companion CD of computations for the reader to readily put the information in the book to practical use.

Das Buch behandelt die physikalischen und physiologischen Grundlagen der Technischen Akustik, Probleme der Maschinen- und Raumakustik sowie die akustische Messtechnik. Breiten Raum nehmen Fragen der Schallentstehung, der Luft- und Korperschallausbreitung sowie der Larmminderung ein, wie sie etwa im Schienen- und Strassenverkehr auftreten. Die Beitrage sind gegenuber der Vorauflage grundlich uberarbeitet und erweitert worden. Das Buch schildert damit nicht nur den aktuellen Stand der Technischen Akustik, sondern ist auch Hilfe und Anleitung fur Ingenieure zur Bewaltigung akustischer Probleme und Aufgabenfelder. "

Informed by the authors' extensive experience in helping organizations improve the performance of their management systems, Inside Energy: Developing and Managing an ISO 50001 Energy Management System covers how to apply each of the many requirements of the standard in a systematic and comprehensive manner. It discusses how converting an existing sub-optimal energy system into a state-of-the-art high quality one produces a demonstrably high return on investment. The book explores how to achieve energy performance targets and qualify for ISO 50001 registration. It helps you manage the skills, knowledge, and experience of the many experts who will participate in your organization's Energy Management System (EnMS) policy, planning, and implementation. This book provides practical information for understanding and developing an ISO 50000 Energy Management System (EnMS), including clear and concise explanations of the standards and requirements. Building from chapter to chapter, it supplies comprehensive direction for developing, implementing, and managing an EnMS. The text also explains the relationship between ISO 9000 and 14000, and offers guidance for integrating EnMS concepts with existing organizational policies, processes, and procedures. It also offers additional guidance on methods available to management and energy teams when implementing the ISO 50001 requirements. The book takes readers through the steps that can transform existing energy management systems to far more effective ones that significantly reduce the costs of energy in the business' bottom line. It includes perspectives on multinational and national energy and environment policies that will likely affect the cost of energy purchased in the world's markets. Using the information found in this book, you can save your organization money by increasing energy efficiency and/or reducing and more effectively managing energy generation or usage. You can also reduce generation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promote improved public relations by demonstrating that the organization is taking measurable and tangible efforts (ISO 50001) to manage energy.

Less than fifty years have elapsed since the first flight of a power-driven aircraft. On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers made their now historic flights in an aircraft which they had designed and built themselves; at the fourth attempt on that day a distance of 852 feet was covered during a flight which lasted 59 seconds 1. Unparalleled technical advances followed those first hesitant steps, with the result that aviation has developed into a factor influencing practically every field of society I. The complex mechanism of modem commercial aviation can only function through the combined efforts of countless people. The inspiration of aircraft constructors, the insight and perse verance of air pioneers and the conscientious work of the ground personnel all play their part. Among those who share in this joint task, however, the aircraft commander occupies a special place. He finds himself at the head of a small but comparatively isolated community, which may come under different jurisdictions within a short space of time. From a purely academic aspect he is therefore an interesting figure. Moreover, it may also be useful to examine his legal status for more practical reasons. After all, the aircraft commander holds a key position in aviation, as the safety, economy and regularity of the flight often depend on his skill and judgment.

Dual-Fuel Diesel Engines offers a detailed discussion of different types of dual-fuel diesel engines, the gaseous fuels they can use, and their operational practices. Reflecting cutting-edge advancements in this rapidly expanding field, this timely book: Explains the benefits and challenges associated with internal combustion, compression ignition, gas-fueled, and premixed dual-fuel engines Explores methane and natural gas as engine fuels, as well as liquefied petroleum gases, hydrogen, and other alternative fuels Examines safety considerations, combustion of fuel gases, and the conversion of diesel engines to dual-fuel operation Addresses dual-fuel engine combustion, performance, knock, exhaust emissions, operational features, and management Describes dual-fuel engine operation on alternative fuels and the predictive modeling of dual-fuel engine performance Dual-Fuel Diesel Engines covers a variety of engine sizes and areas of application, with an emphasis on the transportation sector. The book provides a state-of-the-art reference for engineering students, practicing engineers, and scientists alike.

Gegenstand dieses Buches sind mehrphasige Asynchron- und Synchronmaschi- nen, die iiber Stromrichter mit Spannungen und Stromen vedinderlicher Frequenz gespeist werden. Diese Technik, deren Zweck es ist, drehzahlstellbare Antriebe mit kommutatorlosen Maschinen auszufiihren, reicht mit ihren Anfangen in die dreiBiger Jahre zuriick; sie hat aber entscheidende Impulse erst durch die neuere Entwicklung der Technologie der Halbleiterventile fiir groBe Leistungen etwa Anfang der sechziger Jahre erfahren, die sprachlich im Ersatz der "Stromrichter- technik" durch die "Leistungselektronik" zum Ausdruck kommt. Obwohl die Gleichstrommaschine yom Umsatz her das Gebiet der drehzahlstellbaren Antriebe heute noch klar dominiert, wachst die Bedeutung der kommutatorlosen Antriebe von Jahr zu Jahr. Mit dieser Entwicklung geht auch eine fortschreitende Verwischung der Grenzen zwischen der Starkstromtechnik und der Schwachstromtechnik im friiheren Sinne einher, stehen doch bei der Planung eines Stromrichterantriebes mindestens drei Fachgebiete Pate: der Elektromaschinenbau, die Stromrichtertechnik bzw. Lei- stungselektronik und die Regelungstechnik. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Buches liegt klar bei den elektrischen Maschinen; deren Darstellung ist aber auf Schaffung moglichst vieler Querverbindungen z den genannten Nachbargebieten ausgerichtet. 1m Vordergrund steht deshalb nicht Bau und Konstruktion der Maschinen, sondern die Theorie ihres Betriebsverhaltens im Zusammenspiel mit Stromrichtern. Die Darstellung wendet sich in erster Linie an Studenten und jiingere Absolventen Technischer Universitaten und Hoherer Technischer Lehranstalten. Den Erklarungen grundlegender Zusammenhange wird deshalb moglichst breiter Raum gewidmet, Vorkenntnisse iiber die Wirkungs- weise von elektrischen Maschinen und Stromrichtern werden vorausgesetzt.

Wertvolles Referenzwerk: Umfassend behandelt es die relevanten Aspekte der Technischen Verbrennung von den reaktionstechnischen Grundlagen bis hin zur Schadstoffbildung. Verstandlich stellt es sowohl ein- wie mehrdimensionale Modelle turbulenter Stromungen dar, wie sie in CFD-Programmen zur Anwendung kommen. Fur Ingenieure sowie Wissenschaftler in der Forschung. Studenten finden einen reichen Fundus fur Theorie und praktische Umsetzung. "

This book discusses how civil society, public debate and freedom of speech affect the management of natural resources. Drawing on the work of Robert Dahl, Jurgen Habermas and Robert Putnam, the book introduces the concept of public brainpower. Good governance of natural resources requires fertile public debate - to conceive new institutions, to provide checks and balances on existing institutions and to ensure their continuous dynamic evolution as the needs of society change. The book explores the strengths and weaknesses of these ideas through case studies of 18 oil and gas-producing countries: Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Canada, Colombia, Egypt, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Libya, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, the UK and Venezuela. The concluding chapter presents 10 tenets on how states can maximize their public brainpower, as well as a ranking of how well 33 resource-rich countries have succeeded in doing so. Four of the chapters - 'Introduction', 'Norway', 'Kazakhstan' and 'Russia' - are available under a CC BY 4.0 Open Access license at link.springer.com.

Direct Natural Gas Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals comprehensively discusses all major aspects of natural gas conversion and introduces a broad spectrum of recent technological developments. Specifically, the book describes heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, microwave-assisted conversion, non-thermal plasma conversion, electrochemical conversion, and novel chemical looping conversion approaches. Provides an excellent benchmark resource for the industry and academics Appeals to experienced researchers as well as newcomers to the field, despite the variety of contributing authors and the complexity of the material covered Includes all aspects of direct natural gas conversion: fundamental chemistry, different routes of conversion, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, reaction engineering, novel conversion concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development Discusses new developments in natural gas conversion and future challenges and opportunities This book is as an excellent resource for advanced students, technology developers, and researchers in chemical engineering, industrial chemistry, and others interested in the conversion of natural gas.

Alternative Fuel Vehicles gives full coverage of all associated qualifications and awards in the emerging field of alternative fuels. It is an essential introduction to the ever-growing demand for vehicles that operate using non-conventional fuels. This first book on AFVs endorsed by the IMI begins with an overview of the subject, ideal for beginners, before outlining what is meant by alternative fuels, why they are necessary, and why climate change and associated legislation are key drivers. Details of how alternative fuels are made, the supply infrastructure, and how these vehicles work are all included. A chapter on fuel cells introduces learners to the use of hydrogen, and one on engines and engine management includes coverage of combustion as an aid to understanding why changing the type of engine fuel is complex. Some basic engine technology is included to help readers new to the subject. Real-life case studies and examples are used to illustrate different technologies in current use, and to speculate on new developments. This book is an ideal companion to any unit of study on alternative fuel, but will also be of interest to working technicians and keen amateurs.

Von einem erfahrenen Praktiker geschrieben, liefert der Band sowohl das theoretische als auch das praktische Wissen fur die Planung und Ausfuhrung von Rohrleitungen und Versorgungsrohrnetzen fur Hochdruckdampf, Heisswasser, Druckluft und Kuhlwasser. Der Autor leitet die stromungstechnischen und konstruktiven Grundlagen sowie alle fur den Rohrleitungs- und den Apparatebau erforderlichen Berechnungsverfahren her und demonstriert ihre Anwendung in vollstandig durchgerechneten Beispielen. Das Buch enthalt Tabellen mit Stoffwerten sowie Arbeitsdiagramme."

Ist die Energieversorgung in Europa allein auf der Basis von Sonnen- und Windenergie moglich? Der Autor zeigt aufgrund aktueller Berechnungen auf, dass dies mit Unterstutzung von Speicherkraftwerken eine reale Option ist. Er ermittelt den Kapazitatsbedarf fur Speicherkraftwerke zum Ausgleich zwischen einer wetterabhangigen Stromgewinnung und dem Verbrauch und stellt neue Typen von Pumpspeicherkraftwerken vor, die die Speicherlucke schliessen konnten. Er pladiert auch fur eine gesamtwirtschaftliche Optimierung von Windkraftanlagen durch eine Erhohung ihres Benutzungsgrads. Als weiteren entscheidenden Faktor fuhrt er die geschickte Abstimmung aller Parameter ins Feld, um eine sichere, bedarfsgerechte Stromversorgung zu gewahrleisten."

Energy is at the top of the list of environmental problems facing industrial society, and is arguably the one that has been handled least successfully, in part because politicians and the public do not understand the physical technologies, while the engineers and industrialists do not understand the societal forces in which they operate. In this book, Allan Mazur, an engineer and a sociologist, explains energy technologies for nontechnical readers and analyses the sociology of energy. The book gives an overview of energy policy in industrialised countries including analysis of climate change, the development of electricity, forms of renewable energy and public perception of the issues. Energy is a key component to environment policy and to the workings of industrial society. This novel approach to energy technology and policy makes the book an invaluable inter-disciplinary resource for students across a range of subjects, from environmental and engineering policy, to energy technology, public administration, and environmental sociology and economics.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Finite Difference Methods in Heat Transfer, Second Edition focuses on finite difference methods and their application to the solution of heat transfer problems. Such methods are based on the discretization of governing equations, initial and boundary conditions, which then replace a continuous partial differential problem by a system of algebraic equations. Finite difference methods are a versatile tool for scientists and for engineers. This updated book serves university students taking graduate-level coursework in heat transfer, as well as being an important reference for researchers and engineering. Features Provides a self-contained approach in finite difference methods for students and professionals Covers the use of finite difference methods in convective, conductive, and radiative heat transfer Presents numerical solution techniques to elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic problems Includes hybrid analytical-numerical approaches

This volume contains articles from leading analysts and researchers on sustainable transportation, who provide critical reflections on how automobile-related climate policies have evolved up to now in Europe and around the world, in view of the widely recognized need to substantially curb global emissions of greenhouse gases in the coming decades. Authors describe the policies which have been most effective, outline their economic and social implications, present success stories while critically reviewing less successful examples, and suggest strategies to decarbonize passenger transportation on a global scale.

Die Kraft-Warme-Kopplung (KWK) ist zu einem Eckpfeiler der Energie- und Klimapolitik in Deutschland und Europa geworden. Das Buch tragt dieser Entwicklung Rechnung und ermoglicht Lesern einen schnellen Einstieg in die KWK-Nutzung in Industriebetrieben, Gebaudekomplexen und Energieversorgungsunternehmen mit allen erforderlichen Angaben, um Anlagen in technischer, wirtschaftlicher und okologischer Hinsicht beurteilen zu konnen. Beispiele und Arbeitshilfen zur Anlagenauslegung, wirtschaftlichen Bewertung und Aufstellung von Emissionsbilanzen."

Given the shortcomings of the Paris Agreement, Anja Zenker examines the potential of free trade benefits as an incentive mechanism for an effective and stable climate change cooperation of states. She addresses the question of how the specific policy design affects the success of the agreement, market and trade outcomes, as well as the compatibility with multilateral WTO obligations.