This book constitutes the proceedings of the XVI Multidisciplinary International Congress on Science and Technology (CIT 2021), held in Quito, Ecuador, on 14-18 June 2021, proudly organized by Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE in collaboration with GDEON. CIT is an international event with a multidisciplinary approach that promotes the dissemination of advances in Science and Technology research through the presentation of keynote conferences. In CIT, theoretical, technical, or application works that are research products are presented to discuss and debate ideas, experiences, and challenges. Presenting high-quality, peer-reviewed papers, the book discusses the following topics: * Electrical and Electronic* Energy and Mechanics

The book examines the problems in the fields of power systems functioning, optimization of operating modes of electric power facilities and their control systems, information and measuring systems and metrological support in the electric power industry, ensuring the functioning of the electric power system in the conditions of a competitive market of the electric power. The book is devoted to modern problems ensuring operational reliability and safety of objects integrated power system of Ukraine in the areas such as distribution systems automation, forecasting and optimization of energy processes with solar power plants, hydropower plants and other plants, and development solutions for smart monitoring systems for DERs. The presented research results in the book allow to increase the reliability and efficiency of operation of energy facilities and ensure the stability of power systems, the introduction of effective methods and tools for forecasting electricity supply and optimize power systems taking into constraints in modern of electricity markets. The book consists of 14 chapters. The book is for researchers, engineers, as well as lecturers and postgraduates of higher education institutions dealing with problems of operation, control, diagnosis and monitoring of integrated power system, power equipment, and other.

This book provides an investigative approach to how machine learning is helping to maintain and secure smart cities, including principal uses such as smart monitoring, privacy, reliability, and public protection. The authors cover important areas and issues around implementation roadblocks, ideas, and opportunities in smart city development. The authors also include new algorithms, architectures and platforms that can accelerate the growth of smart city concepts and applications. Moreover, this book provides details on specific applications and case studies related to smart city infrastructures, big data management, and prediction techniques using machine learning.

This open access handbook is distinguished by its emphasis on international energy, rather than domestic energy policies or international geopolitic aspects. Addressing key topics such as energy production and distribution, renewables and corporate energy structures, alongside global energy trends, regional case studies and emerging areas such as the digitalization of energy and energy transition, this handbook provides a major new contribution to the field of international energy economics. Written by academics, practitioners and policy-makers, this handbook is a valuable and timely addition to the literature on international energy economics. This book was published open access with the support of Eni.

This textbook provides a solid introduction to the theoretical and empirical aspects of environmental economics, and their links to environmental policy. It advocates drawing on the economist's toolbox as a powerful means of finding solutions to environmental problems by addressing the conflict between the societal costs of pollution on the one hand, and the financial costs of emissions reduction on the other. The book presents the main economic theory approaches to handling environmental problems and assessing the monetary value of environmental quality; the most relevant environmental policy instruments and challenges involved in their effective real-world application; and both national and global environmental problems addressed by environmental negotiations and agreements. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable basis of information for students, and for policymakers pursuing effective environmental policies.

Piston Engine-Based Power Plants presents Breeze's most up-to-date discussion and clear and concise analysis of this resource, aimed at those working and researching in the area. Various engine types including Diesel and Stirling are discussed, with consideration of economic factors and important planning considerations, such as the size and speed of the plant. Breeze also evaluates the emissions which piston engines can create and considers ways of planning for and controlling those.

Oxy-fuel Combustion: Fundamentals, Theory and Practice provides a comprehensive review of various aspects of oxy-fuel combustion technology, including its concept, fundamental theory, pilot practice, large-scale feasibility studies and related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant. Oxy-fuel combustion, as the most practical large-scale carbon capture power generation technology, has attracted significant attention in the past two decades. As significant progress has been achieved in worldwide demonstration and the oxy-combustion concept confirmed by Schwartze Pump, CUIDEN, Callide, Ponferrada and Yingcheng projects in the past five years, this book provides a timely addition for discussion and study.

In general, the concept of Energy refers to 'the potential for causing changes'. Production and consumption of energy resources in very important to the global economy. All economic activity requires energy resources. Whether to manufacture goods, provide transportation, run computers and other machines or to grow food, to feed workers, or even to harvest new fuel. Organisations need to manage and optimise their energy usage well and in the process make sure that the environment is not impacted negatively. Waste management recycling of resources, renewable sources of energy, non-toxic wastes, etc are rising concerns for business houses. These concerns have become part and parcel of business management, either due to legal pressures or to attain efficiency and remain competitive. The energy business is on steroids. One needs a whole new vocabulary even to discuss it. The market is experiencing 'convergence'. Utility companies are 'energy providers' and they provide 'energy solutions'. The end of the regulated, vertically organised and monopolised energy environment kicked off a megawatt transition-and technology is a key player in the outcome. From fuel cells to 'smart' appliances, energy technology raises high expectations and attracts high rollers, who look for high payoffs. But, as always, there are high science, engineering and technology challenges to meet before you get the brass ring. This book discusses energy, its different sources, energy management for optimum utilisation, environmental issues and cases regarding the same.

Understand the interaction between ocean waves and oscillating systems with this useful new edition. With a focus on linear analysis of low-amplitude waves, you are provided with a thorough understanding of wave interactions, presented to be easily accessible to non-specialist readers. Topics covered include the background mathematics of oscillations, gravity waves on water, the dynamics of wave-body interactions, and the absorption of wave energy by oscillating bodies and oscillating water columns. Featuring new content throughout, including three new chapters on oscillating-body wave energy converters, oscillating water columns and other types of wave energy converters, and wave energy converter arrays, this book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and engineers who are new to the subject of wave energy conversion, as well as those with more experience.

Microalgae-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts: From Feedstock Cultivation to End Products compiles contributions from authors from different areas and backgrounds who explore the cultivation and utilization of microalgae biomass for sustainable fuels and chemicals. With a strong focus in emerging industrial and large scale applications, the book summarizes the new achievements in recent years in this field by critically evaluating developments in the field of algal biotechnology, whilst taking into account sustainability issues and techno-economic parameters. It includes information on microalgae cultivation, harvesting, and conversion processes for the production of liquid and gaseous biofuels, such as biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel and biohydrogen. Microalgae biorefinery and biotechnology applications, including for pharmaceuticals, its use as food and feed, and value added bioproducts are also covered. This book's comprehensive scope makes it an ideal reference for both early stage and consolidated researchers, engineers and graduate students in the algal field, especially in energy, chemical and environmental engineering, biotechnology, biology and agriculture.

Current changes to the energy market, as well as an ambition to achieve decarbonation and highly energy efficient systems, will lead to a fundamental change in the way in which energy systems are designed and managed. In particular, the growth of renewable and renewed energy will introduce a level of design and management complexity with a greater need for efficient energy storage. Beginning with the earliest methodologies (pinch), this book explores the methodology and tools necessary for the design of flexible energy efficient systems. In addition to studying the related literature, the author details original developments where exergy consumption is introduced as an objective function to minimize in mathematical programming models for both continuous and batch processes. Most of these developments were made in the Center for Energy Efficiency of Systems at Mines ParisTech and reported in PhD dissertations and published articles. The whole methodology is implemented in the open source CERES platform.

Current wastewater treatment technologies are not sustainable simply due to their high operational costs and process inefficiency. Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment is intended for professionals who are searching for an innovative method to improve the efficiencies of wastewater treatment processes by exploiting the potential of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) technology. The book is broadly divided into four sections. It begins with an overview of the "state of the art" bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) as well as the fundamentals of MFC technology and its potential to enhance wastewater treatment efficiencies and reduce electricity generation cost. In section two, discusses the integration, installation, and optimization of MFC into conventional wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge process, lagoons, constructed wetlands, and membrane bioreactors. Section three outlines integrations of MFCs into other wastewater processes. The final section provides explorative studies of MFC integrated systems for large scale wastewater treatment and the challenges which are inherent in the upscaling process.

The A-to-Z reference resource for nuclear energy information

A significant milestone in the history of nuclear technology, "Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia: Science, Technology, and Applications" is a comprehensive and authoritative reference guide written by a committee of the world's leading energy experts.

The encyclopedia is packed with cutting-edge information about where nuclear energy science and technology came from, where they are today, and what the future may hold for this vital technology. Filled with figures, graphs, diagrams, formulas, and photographs, which accompany the short, easily digestible entries, the book is an accessible reference work for anyone with an interest in nuclear energy, and includes coverage of safety and environmental issues that are particularly topical in light of the Fukushima Daiichi incident.

A definitive work on all aspects of the world's energy supply, the "Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia" brings together decades of knowledge about energy sources and technologies ranging from coal and oil, to biofuels and wind, and ultimately nuclear power.

The Role of Public Participation in Energy Transitions provides a conceptual and empirical approach to stakeholder and citizen involvement in the ongoing energy transition conversation, focusing on projects surrounding energy conversion and efficiency, reducing energy demand, and using new forms of renewable energy sources. Sections review and contrast different approaches to citizen involvement, discuss the challenges of inclusive participation in complex energy policymaking, and provide conceptual foundations for the empirical case studies that constitute the second part of the book. The book is a valuable resource for academics in the field of energy planning and policymaking, as well as practitioners in energy governance, energy and urban planners and participation specialists.

This open access book makes a case for a socially inclusive energy transition and illustrates how engineering and public policy professionals can contribute to shaping an inclusive energy transition, building on a socio-technical systems engineering approach. Accomplishing a net-zero greenhouse gas emissions economy in 2050 is a daunting challenge. This book explores the challenges of the energy transition from the perspectives of technological innovation, public policy, social values and ethics. It elaborates on two particular gaps in the design of public policy interventions focused on decarbonization of the energy system and discusses how both could be remedied. First, the siloed organization of public administration fails to account for the many interdependencies between the energy sector, the mobility system, digital infrastructure and the built environment. Cross-sector coordination of policies and policy instruments is needed to avoid potentially adverse effects upon society and the economy, which may hamper the energy transition rather than accelerate it. Second, energy and climate policies pay insufficient attention to the social values at stake in the energy transition. In addressing these gaps, this book intends to inspire decision makers engaged in the energy transition to embrace the transition as an opportunity to bring a more inclusive society into being.

This contributed volume contains the results of the research program "Agreement for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles", developed in the framework of the Energy Technology Network of the International Energy Agency. The topical focus lies on technology options for the system optimization of hybrid and electric vehicle components and drive train configurations which enhance the energy efficiency of the vehicle. The approach to the topic is genuinely interdisciplinary, covering insights from fields. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and industry experts in the field of automotive engineering, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.

Fuel Flexible Energy Generation: Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Fuels provides updated information on flexible fuel energy generation, the process by which one or more fuels can be combusted in the same boiler or turbine to generate power. By adapting or building boilers and turbines to accept multiple fuel sources, they can be co-fired with biomass and waste derived fuels, allowing a reduction in carbon output, thus providing cleaner energy. Fuel flexibility is becoming more important in a world of diminishing fossil fuel stocks. Many countries are investing in the development of more efficient fuel flexible boilers and turbines, and their use is becoming more prevalent in industry as well. This book provides comprehensive coverage of flexible fuel energy generation across all potential fuel types, and was written by a selection of experts in the field who discuss the types of fuels which can be used in fuel flexible energy generation, from solid fuels to biomass fuels, the preparation of fuels to be used in fuel flexible operations, that includes their handling and transport, and combustion and conversion technologies with chapters ranging from large-scale coal gasification to technology options and plant design issues.

This volume is the eleventh in a series which documents the technical papers of the mine ventilation symposium, which was initiated in 1982 by the Underground Ventilation Committee of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. In more recent years, the event has expanded to include all of North America and is known as the US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium. The US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium 2006 designated 'Coal Mine Methane Capture and Utilization' and 'Diesel Issues for Underground and Surface Mines' as topics of special interest. Numerous papers discussed these two topics, and there were presentations on mine dusts, mine fires, ventilation in large-opening mines, and numerous other ventilation topics. The symposium was supplemented by short courses on state-of-the-art in diesel emissions technology, computer analysis of ventilation circuits, personal dust monitoring, and methane capture technology. In addition, field trips to mines, research facilities, and methane gathering sites were offered to participants of the symposium. The book is of special interest to practitioners, educators, and researchers in the field of ventilation of mines, tunnels, and other underground facilities. Includes a CD-ROM of the proceedings.

This book presents both the fundamentals concepts and latest achievements of a field that is growing in importance since it represents a possible solution for global energy problems. It focuses on an atomic-level understanding of heterogeneous catalysis involved in important energy conversion processes. It presents a concise picture for the entire area of heterogeneous catalysis with vision at the atomic- and nano- scales, from synthesis, ex-situ and in-situ characterization, catalytic activity and selectivity, to mechanistic understanding based on experimental exploration and theoretical simulation. The book: * Addresses heterogeneous catalysis, one of the crucial technologies employed within the chemical and energy industries * Presents the recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of nanocatalysts as well as a mechanistic understanding of catalysis at atomic level for important processes of energy conversion * Provides a foundation for the potential design of revolutionarily new technical catalysts and thus the further development of efficient technologies for the global energy economy * Includes both theoretical studies and experimental exploration * Is useful as both a textbook for graduate and undergraduate students and a reference book for scientists and engineers in chemistry, materials science, and chemical engineering

The Regulation and Policy of Latin American Energy Transitions examines the ongoing revolution within the energy landscape of Latin America. This book includes real-world examples from across the continent to demonstrate the current landscape of energy policy in Latin America. It focuses on distributed energy resources, including distributed generation, energy efficiency and microgrids, but also addresses the role of less common energy sources, such as geothermal and biogas, as well as discusses the changing role of energy actors, where consumers become prosumers or prosumagers, and utilities become service providers. The legal frameworks that are still hampering the transformation of the energy landscape are explored, together with an analysis of the economic, planning-related and social aspects of energy transitions, which can help address the issue of how inequalities are affecting and being affected by energy transitions. The book is suitable for policy makers, lawyers, economists and social science professionals working with energy policy, as well as researchers and industry professionals in the field. It is an ideal source for anyone involved in energy policy and regulation across Latin America.

A plant life management (PLiM) programme is an effective tool that allows an operator to manage ageing effects in structures, systems and components (SSCs) for long term operation of nuclear power plants. Such a programme helps facilitate decisions concerning when and how to repair, replace or modify SSCs in an economically optimized way, while assuring that the highest levels of safety are maintained. This publication is the proceedings of the fourth in a series of international conferences convened by the IAEA on nuclear power plant life management. The conference provided a forum for information exchange on national and international policies, as well as on regulatory practices, and for the demonstration of strategies, including their application in ageing management and PLiM programmes for operating and new nuclear power plants. The proceedings include the opening address, presentations of the keynote speakers, summaries of the individual technical sessions, and conclusions and recommendations of the chairperson of the conference.

This book highlights progress towards the capture, storage, and utilization of energy through the development of advanced materials and systems based on abundant elements, materials, and commodities. Energy is critical to human sustainability and a global-scale deployment of renewable energy systems will be required. Hence, the chapters integrate the fundamental aspects that enable the technical advancements in detail, along with an emphasis on the need for highly sustainable materials to enable real impact for humankind: To determine innovation of energy capture and storage through characterizations of materials in areas of electrical generation and electrical storage systems; To demonstrate better performance, economic and environmental advantages than the current state of the art; To define new chemistries and materials for innovations in energy density design through lower operational temperatures, improve safety, expanding operational voltage, battery durability lifetimes, and reduce system costs. Advances critical technical and commercial objectives for novel high energy density materials; Evaluates operational material models for optimizing energy capture that are integrated by configurations as a system; Illustrates utilization of material life cycle assessment for high energy outputs generators for sustainable materials.

This book describes a series of research topics investigated during the 6 years from 2010 through 2015 in the project "Advanced Materials Development and Integration of Novel Structured Metallic and Inorganic Materials". Every section of the book is aimed at understanding the most advanced research by describing details starting with the fundamentals as often as possible. Because both fundamental and cutting-edge topics are contained in this book, it provides a great deal of useful information for chemists as well as for materials scientists and engineers who wish to consider future prospects and innovations. The contents of Novel Structured Metallic and Inorganic Materials are unique in materials science and technology. The project was carried out through the cooperation of research groups in the following six institutes in Japan: the Institute for Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University; the Materials and Structures Laboratory (MSL), Tokyo Institute of Technology; the Joining and Welding Research Institute (JWRI), Osaka University; the Eco-Topia Science Institute (EST), Nagoya University; the Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; and the Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), Waseda University. Major objectives of the project included creation of advanced metallic and inorganic materials with a novel structure, as well as development of materials-joining technologies for development of cutting-edge applications as environmental and energy materials, biomedical materials, and electronic materials for contributing to the creation of a safer and more secure society.

This Safety Report provides guidance on the safe use of radiation for imaging and treatment in veterinary medicine with the objective of ensuring the safety and radiation protection of workers and members of the public. The publication addresses occupational exposure and public exposure in the use of radiation in veterinary medicine and safety issues that should be considered in order to be compliant with the International Basic Safety Standards (IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3). Consideration is given to the topics of source security and emergency response that might arise with the use of radioactive material in veterinary medicine. Although primarily intended for regulators and workers in veterinary medicine, the publication will also be relevant for professional bodies, ethics committees, and suppliers of equipment and software.