This book highlights current efforts and research into achieving campus sustainability. The book start with Introduction followed by two chapters discusses best governance and practices in enhancing campus sustainability, while subsequent chapters elaborate on green building and bioenergy. In addition, the book discusses several initiatives regarding campus waste management including sewage recycling potential.

This book provides up-to-date information on the application of nano-sized materials in energy devices. A brief overview on the properties of nano-sized materials introduces the readers to the basics of the application of such materials in energy devices. Among the energy devices covered include third generation solar cells, fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. The book places emphasis on the optical, electrical, morphological, surface, and spectroscopic properties of the materials. It contains both experimental as well as theoretical aspects for different types of nano-sized materials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, thin film, etc.

It is estimated that a large fraction of natural gas reserves are found in locations from where transport is not economical. If these isolated natural gas reserves could be converted to synthetic fuels, they would generate around 250 billion barrels of synthetic oil-a quantity equal to one-third of the Middle East's proven oil reserves. Small-Scale Gas to Liquid Fuel Synthesis explores next-generation technologies geared toward overcoming the significant cost and technical barriers prohibiting the extensive use of conventional gas to liquid (GTL) processes for the exploitation of small and/or isolated natural gas reservoirs. The book highlights key research activities in the framework of two large European projects-Innovative Catalytic Technologies & Materials for Next Gas to Liquid Processes (NEXT-GTL) and Oxidative Coupling of Methane followed by Oligomerization to Liquids (OCMOL)-examining novel technical developments that reduce the costs associated with air fractioning and syngas production. Featuring contributions from internationally respected experts, Small-Scale Gas to Liquid Fuel Synthesis discusses innovative GTL technologies based on recent advances in catalytic membrane systems, reaction engineering, and process design. The book provides academic and industrial researchers with a concise presentation of the current state of the art of low-cost, energy-efficient GTL technologies for small-scale applications.

The construction process, right through from planning and design to use and demolition, has a major impact on society. Traditionally, concern has been focused on its environmental impact and the quest for sustainability, but this has now extended into the wider remit of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Essentially, this means that businesses must act (voluntarily) in a socially ethical manner by developing a policy that encompasses the core principles enshrined by CSR.

A unique presentation on a topic of emerging importance, Corporate Social Responsibility in the Construction Industry is essential reading for all built environment undergraduate and post-graduate courses, as well as CEOs and senior managers within construction businesses who may be about to embark on developing a CSR strategy.

Wax Deposition: Experimental Characterizations, Theoretical Modeling, and Field Practices covers the entire spectrum of knowledge on wax deposition. The book delivers a detailed description of the thermodynamic and transport theories for wax deposition modeling as well as a comprehensive review of laboratory testing for the establishment of appropriate field control strategies. Offering valuable insight from academic research and the flow assurance industry, this balanced text: Discusses the background of wax deposition, including the cause of the phenomenon, the magnitude of the problem, and its impact on petroleum production Introduces laboratory techniques and theoretical models to measure and predict key parameters of wax precipitation, such as the wax appearance temperature and the wax precipitation curve Explains how to conduct and interpret laboratory experiments to benchmark different wax deposition models, to better understand wax deposition behaviors, and to predict wax deposit growth for the field Presents various models for wax deposition, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each and evaluating the differences between the assumptions used Provides numerous examples of how field management strategies for wax deposition can be established based on laboratory testing and modeling work Wax Deposition: Experimental Characterizations, Theoretical Modeling, and Field aids flow assurance engineers in identifying the severity and controlling the problem of wax deposition. The book also shows students and researchers how fundamental principles of thermodynamics, heat, and mass transfer can be applied to solve a problem common to the petroleum industry.

As the global nature of pollution becomes increasingly obvious, successful hazardous waste treatment programs must take a total environmental control approach that encompasses all areas of pollution control. With its focus on new developments in innovative and alternative environmental technology, design criteria, effluent standards, managerial decision methodology, and regional and global environmental conservation, Advance in Hazardous Industrial Waste Treatment provides the widest possible coverage drawn from the full spectrum of experts in the field

The volume covers environmental pollution sources, waste characteristics, control technologies, management strategies, facility innovations, process alternatives, costs, case histories, and effluent standards in industry. It delineates methods, technologies, and the regional and global effects of important pollution control practices. Chapters highlight innovative and alternative technologies, design criteria, managerial decision making, and regional and global environmental conservation specific to industrial hazardous wastes. They feature examples of major industrial hazardous pollutants that have significant effects on the environment, as well as extensive bibliographies for each industrial waste treatment practice that point to sources of further information.

Since the field of industrial hazardous waste treatment is very broad, no one can claim to be an expert in all industries. Therefore, editors Wang, Shammas, and Hung draw on collective contributions that reflect the depth and breadth of the field, making the resulting handbook the best available reference on chemical and environmental engineering for industrial hazardous waste treatment. They provide technical and economical information on the development of the most feasible total environmental control programs that can benefit industries and local municipalities.

"Circuits for Emerging Technologies Beyond CMOS"

New exciting opportunities are abounding in the field of body area networks, wireless communications, data networking, and optical imaging. In response to these developments, top-notch international experts in industry and academia present Circuits at the Nanoscale: "Communications, Imaging, and Sensing. "This volume, unique in both its scope and its focus, addresses the state-of-the-art in integrated circuit design in the context of emerging systems.

A must for anyone serious about circuit design for future technologies, this book discusses emerging materials that can take system performance beyond standard CMOS. These include Silicon on Insulator (SOI), Silicon Germanium (SiGe), and Indium Phosphide (InP). Three-dimensional CMOS integration and co-integration with Microelectromechanical (MEMS) technology and radiation sensors are described as well. Topics in the book are divided into comprehensive sections on emerging design techniques, mixed-signal CMOS circuits, circuits for communications, and circuits for imaging and sensing.

Dr. Krzysztof Iniewski is a director at CMOS Emerging Technologies, Inc., a consulting company in Vancouver, British Columbia. His current research interests are in VLSI ciruits for medical applications. He has published over 100 research papers in international journals and conferences, and he holds 18 international patents granted in the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Japan. In this volume, he has assembled the contributions of over 60 world-reknown experts who are at the top of their field in the world of circuit design, advancing the bank of knowledge for all who work in this excitingand burgeoning area.

Global economic growth, recently fuelled by Asia's emerging economies, has greatly accelerated the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and boosted demand for scarce natural resources, including energy, food and mineral raw materials. These developments are pushing the planet close to its ecological boundaries. Transforming the world economy towards sustainability, while ensuring decent levels of resource use for all global citizens, is the greatest challenge of our time. This book explores how innovation systems need to be adapted to successfully confront these challenges. The first chapter introduces the concept of sustainability-oriented innovation systems which highlights the systematic differences between systems that have developed along current resource-intensive technological trajectories and those that address the impending environmental mega-problems. The subsequent articles present case studies of sustainability-oriented innovations in a number of policy areas, including energy efficiency, electric mobility and generation of renewable energy, in China and India. These case studies confirm the specificities of innovation systems geared towards a green techno-economic paradigm. This book was originally published as a special issue of Innovation and Development.

"From Methane to Hydrogen-Making the Switch to a Cleaner Fuel Source"

The world's overdependence on fossil fuels has created environmental problems, such as air pollution and global warming, as well as political and economic unrest. With water as its only by-product and its availability in all parts of the world, hydrogen promises to be the next great fuel source.

"All of the Key Aspects of Hydrogen Fuel"

Hydrogen Fuel: Production, Transport, and Storage describes various aspects of hydrogen fuel, including production from both renewable and nonrenewable sources, purification, storage, transport, safety, codes, and carbon dioxide sequestration. The book examines the unique properties and uses of the hydrogen molecule, its ability to be produced from numerous energy sources, and its separation and purification. It explains how to transport hydrogen using pipelines and tankers and how to store it using compressed tanks, metal hydrides, carbon adsorbents, and chemical hydrides. The expert contributors also discuss codes and standards, monitoring techniques, and safety designs.

"The Path to a Cleaner World and Energy Independence"

Focusing on a clean, economical alternative to nonrenewable energy, this volume provides the latest information on the hydrogen fuel economy.

Instrumentation, Measurements, and Experiments in Fluids, Second Edition is primarily focused on essentials required for experimentation in fluids, explaining basic principles, and addressing the tools and methods needed for advanced experimentation. It also provides insight into the vital topics and issues associated with the devices and instruments used for fluid mechanics and gas dynamics experiments. The second edition adds exercise problems with answers, along with PIV systems of flow visualization, water flow channel for flow visualization, and pictures with Schlieren and shadowgraph-from which possible quantitative information can be extracted. Ancillary materials include detailed solutions manual and lecture slides for the instructors.

The contribution of buildings to climate change is widely acknowledged. This book investigates how building regulatory systems are addressing the current and future effects of climate change, and how these systems can be improved. After presenting a comprehensive overview of how the current building regulatory system developed, some of the inadequacies are identified. The largest part of the book examines the potential for innovative policy solutions to address the real world problem of mitigating and adapting buildings to climate change. This publication contributes significantly to our understanding of the complexities of long-term energy efficiency in buildings. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Building Research & Information journal.

* Build more roads and congestion goes up, not down; improve engine efficiency and people drive more, increasing (as opposed to decreasing)emissions - these are examples of Jevons' Paradox, and clearly illustrate its importance in modern debates around resource use* From an international team of researchers, this is the first book to tackle the issues head-on - with special focus on the case of oil usage* Will be an essential addition to any economics, energy or resource management departmental bookshelf 'Jevons' Paradox', which was first expressed in 1865 by William Stanley Jevons in relation to use of coal, states that an increase in efficiency in using a resource leads to increased use of that resource rather than to a reduction. This has subsequently been proved to apply not just to fossil fuels, but other resource use scenarios. For example, doubling the efficiency of food production per hectare over the last 50 years (due to the Green Revolution) did not solve the problem of hunger. The increase in efficiency increased production and worsened hunger because of the resulting increase in population. The implications of this in today's world are substantial. Many scientists and policy makers argue that future technological innovations will reduce consumption of resources; Jevons' Paradox explains why this may be a false hope.This is the first book to provide a historical overview of Jevons' Paradox, provide evidence for its existence and apply it to complex systems. Written and edited by world experts in the fields of economics, technology and the environment, it explains the myth of efficiency and explores its implications for resource usage (particularly oil). It is a must read forpolicy makers, natural resource managers, academics and students concerned with the effects of efficiency on resource use.

As the world accelerates towards a renewable energy transition, the demand for critical raw materials (CRMs) for energy generation, conversion, and storage technologies is seeing a drastic increase. Such materials are not only subject to limited supply and extreme price volatility but can also represent serious burdens to the environment, to human health, and also to socio-political systems. Taking an interdisciplinary perspective, this book provides a novel perspective on the discussion about material dependencies of energy technologies. It examines CRMs use in fuel cells, an emerging energy conversion technology, and discusses governance strategies for early-stage fuel cell development to predict and avoid potential issues. This will be an invaluable resource for researchers in energy studies, engineering, sociology and political science as well as those with a general interest in this field looking for an accessible overview.

The 2016 International Conference on Energy Science and Applied Technology (ESAT 2016) held on June 25-26 in Wuhan, China aimed to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, and academicians, as well as industrial professionals, to present their research results and development activities in energy science and engineering and its applied technology. The themes presented in Energy Science and Applied Technology ESAT 2016 are: Technologies in Geology, Mining, Oil and Gas; Renewable Energy, Bio-Energy and Cell Technologies; Energy Transfer and Conversion, Materials and Chemical Technologies; Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development; Electrical and Electronic Technology, Power System Engineering; Mechanical, Manufacturing, Process Engineering; Control and Automation; Communications and Applied Information Technologies; Applied and Computational Mathematics; Methods and Algorithms Optimization; Network Technology and Application; System Test, Diagnosis, Detection and Monitoring; Recognition, Video and Image Processing.

Taking the case of the Norwegian petroleum industry as its vantage point, the book discusses the question of industrial transformations in resource-based industries. The book presents new, empirically-based analyses of the development of the petroleum industry, with an emphasis on three ongoing transformation processes: Technological upgrading and innovation in upstream petroleum. Globalisation of the petroleum industry and suppliers' experiences of entering foreign markets. Diversification into and out of petroleum - and the potential for new growth paths after oil. Drawing together a range of key thinkers in this field, this volume addresses the ways in which the petroleum industry and its supply industry has changed since the turn of the millennium. It provides recommendations for the development of resource economies in general and petroleum economies in particular. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy policy and economics, natural resource management, innovation studies and the politics of the oil and gas sector.

Direct Natural Gas Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals comprehensively discusses all major aspects of natural gas conversion and introduces a broad spectrum of recent technological developments. Specifically, the book describes heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, microwave-assisted conversion, non-thermal plasma conversion, electrochemical conversion, and novel chemical looping conversion approaches. Provides an excellent benchmark resource for the industry and academics Appeals to experienced researchers as well as newcomers to the field, despite the variety of contributing authors and the complexity of the material covered Includes all aspects of direct natural gas conversion: fundamental chemistry, different routes of conversion, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, reaction engineering, novel conversion concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development Discusses new developments in natural gas conversion and future challenges and opportunities This book is as an excellent resource for advanced students, technology developers, and researchers in chemical engineering, industrial chemistry, and others interested in the conversion of natural gas.

Construction teams are usually very complex and temporal groupings of actors that rely on interdisciplinary interaction for the realization of project goals. The costs of delay and inefficiency associated with poor coordination and communication is a constant factor, and it is well recognized that the development and maintenance of effective communication within teams is crucial to successful project outcomes. However, published data regarding the manner in which individuals interact within the temporary project team is scarce. Managers and researchers have little other than anecdotal evidence on which to develop effective tools and methods to facilitate communication and hence improve the performance of the project team.
Christopher Gorse and Stephen Emmitt provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on interpersonal communication and deliver a critical review of various research methods previously used in and outside the construction management field. This leads to a focus on Bales' interaction process analysis (IPA), a tool used successfully in many fields to collect interaction data. Bales' IPA is used here to investigate the link between successful projects and the effectiveness of communication by categorizing task-based and socio-emotional communication acts in a series of site-based construction progress meetings. This data is then compared with specific project performance criteria to see how communication affected project performance. The findings indicate that participants in the construction process exhibit regular patterns of interaction and, most significantly, that there are different patterns of interaction associated with successful and unsuccessful projects.Consequently a number of practical suggestions are put forward to assist all actors involved in construction projects. This insightful publication will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the fields of building design and construction management.

How will humanity continue to meet its energy needs without destroying the conditions necessary to sustain human life on earth? The search for an answer to this question depends as much on the past as on the present; and as much on the physical sciences as on the social sciences. This book offers a truly trans-disciplinary and trans-cultural look at the problem of energy production and consumption in modern times. Discussing issues of history, politics, science, risk, lifestyle and representation, contributors demonstrate that experiences through time can provide insights into the kinds of solutions that have succeeded, as well as reasons why other solutions have failed. They also show what different countries and cultures might learn from each other, emphasizing how discoveries in one discipline have inspired new approaches in another discipline. Among many other important conclusions, the book suggests that energy transitions do not occur simply because of the exhaustion of old energy sources, and any solutions to the incipient energy crisis of the 21st century will depend on people's perceptions of science, environment and risk, informed and shaped in turn by the media.

Project management is widely used in the construction industry and is central to planning and controlling time, costs and resources. This book enables readers to perform more effectively, to understand project planning and control procedures and to gain an insight into the associated skills. Numerous case examples from diverse industries and exercises support and illustrate important concepts. The result is a new perspective for project managers: planning can be shown to be a systems synthesis or an inverse problem, which provides a way to reach a satisfactory solution, avoiding the time-consuming or impractical search for the optimal solution.

As the construction industry changes the need for the effective incorporation of environmental considerations has become widely accepted. It is now being enforced effectively in many countries. Large numbers of construction managers can find value in adopting quantitative approach to environmental management, and this book outlines an integrative methodology for applying knowledge-based dynamic environmental impact assessment in construction.
Four quantitative methods are presented for the application of the techniques at different construction stages, fitting within a comprehensive framework of dynamic Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). These are a method to quantitatively evaluate and reduce pollution and hazards levels, a method to evaluate the environmental-consciousness of proposed construction plans and select the best one, a method to reduce on-site construction wastes through an incentive reward programme, and a method to promote C&D waste exchange in the local construction industry. Finally, the implementation of the integrative analytical approach is illustrated using an experimental case study.
Contractors should be able to conduct effective, efficient and economical environmental management and achieve their targets in line with governmental laws and regulations, the ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS), or environmental management standards within their enterprises. Most environmental management tools used at present are qualitative, but potential requirements are quantitative, so this book fills the need.

This comprehensive handbook is recognized as the definitive stand-alone energy manager's desk reference, used by tens of thousands of professionals throughout the energy management industry. This new ninth edition includes new chapters on energy management controls systems, compressed air systems, renewable energy, and carbon reduction. There are major updates to chapters on energy auditing, lighting systems, boilers and fired systems, steam and condensate systems, green buildings waste heat recovery, indoor air quality, utility rates, natural gas purchasing, commissioning, financing and performance contracting and much more with numerous new and updated illustrations, charts, calculation procedures and other helpful working aids.

Communication within project-based environments presents special challenges. Many of the problems that develop in construction projects are a result of both the temporary and inter-disciplinary nature of project teams. Each player having a different employer complicates the situation further. problems, featuring a number of examples related to the construction industry. Several non-typical perspectives on the process of communication are introduced, to encourage the reader to think about communication in a new way. 'Thinking with diagrams', for example, is useful for those such as architects who work primarily with visual communication media. This can be contrasted with the 'visual perception' approach, which emphasises the rational and scientific aspects of human biology. The combination of different perspectives highlights the diversity of communication problems facing those working within project-based environments.

Proceedings of a European seminar organized by the CEC, Directorate-General for Energy and the Instituto para la Diversificacion y Ahorro de la Energia Eua (IDEA) with the cooperation of Gomez Pardo Foundation's Energy Commission, Madrid, Spain, 10-11 October 1989.

Expanding a port, deepening a navigation channel or creating new land for development, introduces changes to our physical, social, economic and political environment. Changes may result from events during the construction process, or relate to the nature of the completed structure. Changes can be positive or negative, short-term or long-term, and may affect the immediate vicinity of the project or a larger geographical area. Predicting and assessing all possible effects of a planned dredging activity in a scientifically-sound and reliable manner is essential, so that appropriate control measures can be taken to avoid or mitigate unwelcome impacts. This book provides guidance for a complete holistic environmental evaluation procedure and for the design and implementation of environmental control measures. The book is of particular interest to engineers, government agencies and port authorities, as well as civil engineering consultants and contractors involved in planning and designing dredging, maritime infrastructure and fluvial projects.

Managing the consumption and conservation of energy in buildings is the concern of both building managers and occupants, and this use accounts for about half of UK energy consumption. The need to manage this has been given new emphasis by the introduction of the Climate Change Levy in April 2002. Energy Management and Operating Costs in Buildings introduces students and energy managers to the principles of managing and conserving energy consumption in buildings people use for work or leisure. Energy consumption is considered for the provision of space heating, hot water, supply ventilation and air conditioning. The author introduces the use of standard performance indicators and energy consumption yardsticks, and discusses the use and application of degree days. This new edition includes two new chapters on Current Regulations and Environmental Impact of building services. It closely follows recent bench marking published by CIBSE and the Defra energy efficiency Best Practice Programme, and covers three quarters of Unit 18 in the new HND in building services engineering.