This book sheds light on processes associated with the construction of cognitive maps, that is to say, with the construction of internal representations of very large spatial entities such as towns, cities, neighborhoods, landscapes, metropolitan areas, environments and the like. Because of their size, such entities can never be seen in their entirety, and consequently one constructs their internal representation by means of visual, as well as non-visual, modes of sensation and information - text, auditory, haptic and olfactory means for example - or by inference. Intersensory coordination and information transfer thus play a crucial role in the construction of cognitive maps. Because it involves a multiplicity of sensational and informational modes, the issue of cognitive maps does not fall into any single traditional cognitive field, but rather into, and often in between, several of them. Thus, although one is dealing here with processes associated with almost every aspect of our daily life, the subject has received relatively marginal scientific attention. The book is directed to researchers and students of cognitive mapping and environmental cognition. In particular it focuses on the cognitive processes by which one form of information, say haptic, is being transformed into another, say a visual image, and by which multiple forms of information participate in constructing cognitive maps.

Parenting isn’t easy. Showing up is. Your greatest impact begins right where you are. Now the bestselling authors of The Whole-Brain Child and No-Drama Discipline explain what this means over the course of childhood.

“There is parenting magic in this book.”—Michael Thompson, Ph.D., co-author of the New York Times bestselling classic Raising Cain

One of the very best scientific predictors for how any child turns out—in terms of happiness, academic success, leadership skills, and meaningful relationships—is whether at least one adult in their life has consistently shown up for them. In an age of scheduling demands and digital distractions, showing up for your child might sound like a tall order. But as bestselling authors Daniel Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson reassuringly explain, it doesn’t take a lot of time, energy, or money. Instead, showing up means offering a quality of presence. And it’s simple to provide once you understand the four building blocks of a child’s healthy development. Every child needs to feel what Siegel and Bryson call the Four S’s:

• Safe: We can’t always insulate a child from injury or avoid doing something that leads to hurt feelings. But when we give a child a sense of safe harbor, she will be able to take the needed risks for growth and change.
• Seen: Truly seeing a child means we pay attention to his emotions—both positive and negative—and strive to attune to what’s happening in his mind beneath his behavior.
• Soothed: Soothing isn’t about providing a life of ease; it’s about teaching your child how to cope when life gets hard, and showing him that you’ll be there with him along the way. A soothed child knows that he’ll never have to suffer alone.
• Secure: When a child knows she can count on you, time and again, to show up—when you reliably provide safety, focus on seeing her, and soothe her in times of need, she will trust in a feeling of secure attachment. And thrive!

Based on the latest brain and attachment research, The Power of Showing Up shares stories, scripts, simple strategies, illustrations, and tips for honoring the Four S’s effectively in all kinds of situations—when our kids are struggling or when they are enjoying success; when we are consoling, disciplining, or arguing with them; and even when we are apologizing for the times we don’t show up for them. Demonstrating that mistakes and missteps are repairable and that it’s never too late to mend broken trust, this book is a powerful guide to cultivating your child’s healthy emotional landscape.

This volume of Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, which is the second under our editorship and the sixteenth of the series, continues the tradi tion of including a broad range of timely topics on the study and treat ment of children and adolescents. Volume 16 includes contributions per taining to prevention, adolescents, families, cognitive processes, and methodology. The issue of prevention in child clinical psychology is no longer restricted to a few speculative sentences in the future directions part of a discussion section. Prevention research is actually being undertaken, as reflected in two contributions to the volume. Winett and Anderson pro vide a promising framework for the development, evaluation, and dis semination of programs aimed at the prevention of HIV among youth. Lorion, Myers, Bartels, and Dennis address some of the conceptual and methodological issues in preventive intervention research with children. Adolescent development and adjustment is an important area of study in clinical child psychology. Two contributors address key and somewhat related topics, social competence and depression in adoles cence. Inderbitzen critically reviews the assessment methods and meth odologies for social competence and peer relations in adolescence. Reynolds analyzes contemporary issues and perspectives pertaining to adolescent depression."

-This textbook offers an accessibly-written, practical, and amply illustrated introduction to the science of elementary math learning, written for pre-service and in-service K-5 teachers and educators with little background in cognitive development. -Balances Science and Classroom sections, synthesizing the latest developmental research, and offering ready-to-use practical classroom activities for individual, small-group, and classroom settings. -Written by an author team drawing from decades of experience in cognitive research on mathematics learning, clinical psychology, classroom experience, and working with both teachers and children.

New chapter 10 'Going Forward' which offers career advice on entry level positions Each question now comes with a 'Quick Take' which would be an easy to read lay-person answer to the question, and then a more in-depth 'Technically Speaking' answer that is more challenging Accessible writing style

This book analyzes and suggests an expansion of Llorens? developmental theory of occupational therapy, applying these concepts in a final schematic model for use by occupational therapists, occupational scientists, and others involved in occupational tasks, relationships, and activities. The book then uses the International Classification of Functioning in a context of health promotion and disease prevention to relate the expanded theory to psychosocial, cognitive, and sensorimotor correlates in preterm infants and their families in the neonatal intensive care unit and after discharge to the home environment. Last, it provides an NICU infant case illustration on the Developmental Analysis, Evaluation, and Intervention Schedule.

The major theme of this book focuses upon expanding the psychological, neurophysiological, and sociological aspects of Llorens? developmental theory for a person-occupation-environment based practice and research. The book will then correlate these concepts with current terminology from the World Health Organization, and specialized knowledge and skills in the neonatal intensive care unit.

This book was published as a special issue of Occupational Therapy in Mental Health.

A hands-on user's guide that takes readers step-by-step on a 21-day journey to discover what it means to be truly present and aware in our daily lives. In today's increasingly fast-paced world it can be difficult to find moments to catch your breath, regain inner balance, and just ... be. This simple yet profound guide shows readers how to strengthen their minds by learning to focus attention, open awareness, and develop a positive state of mind - the three pillars of mindfulness practice that research shows lead to greater physical and mental well-being. Packed with guided meditation instructions, practical exercises, and everyday tools and techniques, Becoming Aware offers a simple program to enhance our inner sense of clarity and even our interpersonal well-being.

What is Thinking? - Trying to Define an Equally Fascinating and Elusive Phenomenon Human thinking is probably the most complex phenomenon that evolution has come up with until now. There exists a broad spectrum of definitions, from subs- ing almost all processes of cognition to limiting it to language-based, sometimes even only to formalizable reasoning processes. We work with a "medium sized" definition according to which thinking encompasses all operations by which cog- tive agents link mental content in order to gain new insights or perspectives. Mental content is, thus, a prerequisite for and the substrate on which thinking operations are executed. The largely unconscious acts of perceptual object stabilization, ca- gorization, emotional evaluation - and retrieving all the above from memory inscriptions - are the processes by which mental content is generated, and are, therefore, seen as prerequisites for thinking operations. In terms of a differentia specifica, the notion of "thinking" is seen as narrower than the notion of "cognition" and as wider than the notion of "reasoning". Thinking is, thus, seen as a subset of cognition processes; and reasoning processes are seen as a subset of thinking. Besides reasoning, the notion of thinking includes also nonexplicit, intuitive, and associative processes of linking mental content. According to this definition, thinking is not dependant on language, i. e. also many animals and certainly all mammals show early forms of thinking.

Music and the Aging Brain describes brain functioning in aging and addresses the power of music to protect the brain from loss of function and how to cope with the ravages of brain diseases that accompany aging. By studying the power of music in aging through the lens of neuroscience, behavioral, and clinical science, the book explains brain organization and function. Written for those researching the brain and aging, the book provides solid examples of research fundamentals, including rigorous standards for sample selection, control groups, description of intervention activities, measures of health outcomes, statistical methods, and logically stated conclusions.

This book provides a snapshot of the field of language acquisition at the beginning of the 21st Century. It represents the multiplicity of approaches that characterize the field and provides a review of current topics and debates, as well as addressing some of the connections between sub-fields and possible future directions for research.

Positive psychology-the study and promotion of character strengths, positive emotion, optimism, and resilience-has gained considerable momentum and support over the last 20 years. More recently, neuropsychology has begun to embrace related perspectives. In the first edition of Positive Neuropsychology, an extensive collection of perspectives from national leaders in neuropsychology clarified the importance of promoting cognitive health through various means. The present edition expands on the first edition, with four new chapters and updates of all previous chapters. Topics include the importance of physical, social, and intellectual engagement across the lifespan; nutrition and brain health; novel technologies used to maintain brain health and functional independence; compensating for and preventing cognitive limitations; and strategies to promote brain health in clinical and other settings. Chapters reveal not only the benefits of understanding cognitive health and optimal outcomes across the lifespan, but also emerging avenues for practitioners to expand their work into non-traditional settings. Bringing new dimensions to the neuroscience, wellness, and positive psychology literatures, Positive Neuropsychology will interest a wide range of academics and clinicians, including neuropsychologists, clinical and health psychologists, geriatricians, primary care physicians, cognitive neuroscientists, and other healthcare professionals.

A precious resource for anybody interested in contemporary thinking on happiness, "Philosophy and Happiness" encompasses a variety of philosophical traditions and draws from empirical work in psychology and economics to answer some of the oldest, and most pressing, questions about what contributes to individual well-being and life satisfaction.

A study of the concepts, theories, models and social consequences of creativity. It contains articles written by well-known scientists and philosophers. It is not primarily a textbook, but can be used for both undergraduate as well as graduate seminars. It brings together the views of scientists from rather different disciplines on a very important topic - creativity.

Researching Creativity in Second Language Acquisition explains the links between creativity and second language learning and how to propel the research of creativity as an individual difference in second language acquisition forward at multiple levels. It features an array of sample research questions and methods for student and professional researchers, ranging from simple projects that can be executed from start to finish in 15 weeks all the way to multi-year project guidelines for more advanced scholars with additional time and resources. It also features in-class and out-of-class activity suggestions that will reinforce concepts in fun and creative ways. Using this book as a guide will save researchers time and effort in designing and executing their next projects as well as save instructors time in class planning. This book will be an invaluable resource to students and researchers of SLA, applied linguistics, TESOL, and psychology.

* Features/Benefits o The first book to comprehensively and systematically review corpus analytic research methods to understand/examine second language acquisition (L2 use, processing, development, and pedagogy). o Discusses recent empirical studies that employ these techniques to apply corpus linguistic methods across diverse areas of SLA and theoretical orientations, and highlights the contributions that corpus methods have made to the studies' results. o Discusses how new and emerging corpus linguistic methods can be fruitfully used in future SLA research. * Demand/Audience o The field of Second Language Acquisition has had a marked increase in studies on and interest in corpus- and usage-based approaches. This book serves that audience in both courses and personal research use with a comprehensive, up-to-date, how-to volume on corpus-based research methodology. o A unique resource for students and researchers of SLA and applied linguistics, corpus linguistics, second language pedagogy, bi- and multilingualism, and language teaching. * Competition o No real competition. Extant books in this area fail to cover corpus linguistics methods for SLA comprehensively as this book does; they either report findings from a specific research study or focus on a single theoretical perspective/particular area of SLA. o Many of the books in this area are edited volumes, which lack the unified authoritative voice of a single author that this book will have.

Advances in Entrepreneurial Finance brings together contributions from researchers from the fields of entrepreneurship, behavioral finance, psychology, and neuroscience to shed new light on the dynamics of decision making and risk taking by entrepreneurs and venture capitalists (VCs). Every new venture requires access to capital at competitive interest rates, and much has been written on general entrepreneurship by management scholars and financial contracting by financial economists using traditional finance theory with all its highly restrictive assumptions regarding decision makers' cognitive capabilities and behavior. But recent developments in behavioral finance can now be applied to understand how entrepreneurs and VCs perceive risk and uncertainty and how they decide and act accordingly. Showcasing the latest research, this volume demonstrates that findings from the behavioral and neuroscience arenas can and do explain decision making by entrepreneurs and venture investors in the real world. Consequently, such findings have practical implications not only for entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, and their advisors, but also all government agencies and NGOs that want to support product and technological innovation, capital formation, job creation, and economic development.

CT afferents are receptors in mammalian hairy skin that fire action potentials when the skin is touched lightly which makes them particularly important in affective touch. Traditionally neuroscientific research has focused on more discriminative and haptic properties of touch that are mediated by large myelinated afferents and the coding properties and functional organization of unmyelinated CT afferents have been studied much less. The proposed volume will draw together existing knowledge in this nascent field. Separate sections will address (1) how we can measure affective touch, (2) CT structure and physiology, (3) CT processing, (4) the contribution of CTs to sexual behavior, (5) clinical relevance, (6) commercial relevance, and (7) future research considerations.

Now in its fifth edition, this accessible and comprehensive text highlights the most important theoretical, conceptual and methodological issues in cognitive neuroscience. Written by two experienced researchers who excel at teaching, the consistent narrative ensures that concepts are linked across chapters, and the careful selection of topics enables readers to grasp the big picture without getting distracted by details. Clinical applications such as developmental disorders, brain injuries and dementias are highlighted. In addition, the analogies and examples, opening case studies, and 'In Focus' boxes both engage and demonstrate the relevance of the material to real-world concerns. Revised for even greater clarity, the fifth edition features new and updated artwork, 'Key Questions' to review concepts, and 'Thought Questions' which develop the critical thinking skills needed to evaluate future developments in this fast-moving field. An expanded set of online resources is also available.

Provides a comprehensive overview of research on Emotion and Cognition for each cognitive function alongside coverage of ow emotion-cognition relations are modulated by individual differences, aging, and psychopathology. Will appeal to anyone interested in the role of emotions, including students and researchers from the cognitive and affective sciences, such as psychology, linguistics, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, computer science, psychiatry, and neuropsychology. Features student-friendly figures and pedagogy, alongside a wealth of up-to-date references throughout.

Since its development thirty-five years ago, the practice of cognitive therapy has been extended well beyond the treatment of depression. It is now effectively used with substance abuse, marital conflict, sexual dysfunction, panic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, paranoid delusional disorders, and a variety of other affective, anxiety, and personality disorders. Each chapter in this volume presents state-of-the-art treatment by one of the field's leading practitioners, demonstrating interventions in rich clinical detail for the therapist interested in why the method works and how to apply it. We also see how other theoretical orientations are integrated into the cognitive framework. "One cannot help but be impressed with the ability of these clinicians to adapt the cognitive therapy model to the needs of individual patients," comments the founder of the model, Aaron Beck, who called Robert Leahy's earlier book, Cognitive Therapy: Basic Principles and Applications, "a treasure trove for clinicians, scholars, and researchers."

This thought-provoking monograph makes a multidisciplinary case for bilingualism as a possible enhancer of executive function, particularly cognitive control. Its central focus is the cognitive operations of the bilingual brain in processing two languages and whether they afford the brain a greater edge on neuroplasticity-in short, a cognitive advantage. Major issues and controversies in the debate are analyzed from cognitive neuroscience, psycholinguistic, and integrative perspectives, with attention paid to commonly and rarely studied domains at work in bilingual processing. The author also pinpoints future areas for improved research such as recognizing the diversity of bilingualism, not simply in languages spoken but also in social context, as seen among immigrants and refugees. Included in the coverage: The evolution of bilingualism. What goes on in a bilingual mind? The core cognitive mechanisms. Cognitive advantage of bilingualism and its criticisms. Neuroscience of bilingualism. Bilingualism, context, and control. Attention, vision, and control in bilinguals. With its cogent takes on ongoing questions and emerging issues, Bilingualism and Cognitive Control is of immediate interest to bilingual researchers and practitioners interested in understanding the behavioral aspects and neurobiology of bilingualism and the dynamic character of the bilingual/multilingual/second language learner's mind, as well as the growing number of advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in the psychology/psycholinguistics of bilingualism, bilingual cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience.

* The debate about the effects of bilingualism on executive control is one of the most controversial and contentious issues in the field of bilingualism, so the topic is timely. * Includes coverage of the methodologies used in this area of investigation. * Offers a critical review of the research literature to balance the record about bilingual advantage.

This book brings together the study of self-reflective fiction and the contemporary 4E theories of cognition in order to challenge existing cognitive-theoretical models and approaches to literary phenomena. Polvinen presents reflective attention on artifice as an integral part of engagement with fictional narratives, rather than as an external viewpoint that would obscure immersive experiences. The detailed analyses included are both of traditionally metafictional texts by John Barth, A.S. Byatt, Dave Eggers, and Ali Smith, as well as of speculative fictions by Ted Chiang, China Mieville, Christopher Priest, and Catherynne M. Valente. Each of the chapters focuses on a specific issue of fictional cognition: on metaphorical representation, spatiality, temporality, and fictionality. As a whole, the book argues that by combining a literary and theoretically complex view of artifice with the enactive paradigm of perception and imagination, practitioners of cognitive literary studies can further sharpen their own conceptual and terminological apparatus and continue to generate fruitful hermeneutic circulation around the study of the imagination in both the sciences and the humanities. This book will appeal to students and scholars interested in cognitive approaches to literary studies, speculative fiction, metafiction, and narrative studies.

Over the last 25 years, cognitive load theory has become one of the world's leading theories of instructional design. It is heavily researched by many educational and psychological researchers and is familiar to most practicing instructional designers, especially designers using computer and related technologies.

The theory can be divided into two aspects that closely inter-relate and influence each other: human cognitive architecture and the instructional designs and prescriptions that flow from that architecture. The cognitive architecture is based on biological evolution. The resulting description of human cognitive architecture is novel and accordingly, the instructional designs that flow from the architecture also are novel. All instructional procedures are routinely tested using randomized, controlled experiments.

Roughly 1/3 of the book will be devoted to cognitive architecture and its evolutionary base with 2/3 devoted to the instructional implications that follow, including technology-based instruction. Researchers, teachers and instructional designers need the book because of the explosion of interest in cognitive load theory over the last few years. The theory is represented in countless journal articles but a detailed, modern overview presenting the theory and its implications in one location is not available.