Knowledge is the basic output of the defense technology establishment in the United States; it is what enables the development of weapon systems. From this premise, this volume explores the process of knowledge production in defense technology from the beginnings of the Cold War to the present time. Produced through the process of research and development (R&D), technical knowledge for defense is an economic commodity. It is "fundable" in the sense of having future value. Like other commodities in the futures market, it is purchased before it is produced. But unlike those other commodities, this knowledge is typically produced through the joint efforts of the customer and the vendor.
This study highlights two polar aspects of knowledge production: technology development and technology transfer. It centers on the present, shifting concept of defense conversion that is redefining defense technology policy. The book also includes cited documents pertaining to the transactions that engage customers and vendors in the process of knowledge production. The documents constitute a literature of needs and claims, and they reveal two chief properties: problem formulation and tactical positioning. Apart from the substantive yield of these particular documents, the strategy of evidence in this volume has broad implications for further study, suggesting a means of analyzing knowledge production in other large social systems.

This book looks at the field of fine arts, design and culture as an alternative source of inspiration for ways to work. It is a book about a better future for brand marketing and business leadership, thanks to the dreams and the visions of artists, designers and other creative industry leaders.

Environmental Marketing: Strategies, Practice, Theory, and Research is a timely resource for the 1990s. It examines a broad range of issues that affect environmental behavior while providing materials and guidance to marketing decisionmakers. It will guide your organization toward a decidedly "green" marketing movement, toward marketing concepts and tools that not only serve your organization's objectives but preserve and protect the environment as well.Environmental Marketing clearly defines the potential roles of organizations, consumers, and governments and examines how these groups impact environmental factors through the marketing process. The book helps you understand alternative perspectives to green marketing issues and, in turn, enables you to make clearer, more conscious decisions toward improving your environmental marketing performance.This resourceful text begins by defining the concept of environmental or "green" marketing and how the idea of a healthy planet and successful marketing strategies can co-exist. It discusses the consumer's behavior toward environmental products and how marketers can effectively educate them, the guidelines involved in doing so, and the consequences of failing to do so. The marketer's position on environmental changes in industry is examined along with alternatives for striking a balance between marketing objectives and environmental concerns. Finally, the book discusses the global response to environmental marketing and where multi-national organizations belong within this balance.Environmental Marketing is a book for all managers involved in decisions impacting the environment. It is also of great interest to public policymakers and academicswho wish for quick insight into environmental marketing issues.

Is marketing in crisis? Some commentators have contended that marketing principles no longer appear relevant to the 'real world' of marketing managers. The foremost figures in the field are marketing's most outspoken critics rather than disseminators of the marketing message. Indeed, a number of noted academic authorities have announced nothing less than 'the end of marketing'. While such apocalyptic sentiments are very much in keeping with our degraded, postmodern, pre-millennial times, the present volume of essays examines the extent to which the end of marketing is nigh. The authors explore the present state of marketing scholarship and put forward a variety of visions of marketing for the twenty-first century. Ranging from narratology to feminism, these prophesies are always enlightening, often provocative and occasionally outrageous. Marketing Apocalypse is required reading for anyone interested in the future of marketing.

Learn how to create an authentic and consistent brand strategy by focusing on the values of your company. This book breaks this process into three steps focused on brand identity, setting intentions and implementing the resulting strategy. To consistently appeal to consumers, a brand needs to implement a strong strategy that delivers a memorable experience. There are two other essential stages of this process, and the companies who skip over these risk seeming out of touch and inauthentic. In Brand Strategy in Three Steps, branding coach Jay Mandel takes readers through an innovative and efficient three-step approach to brand strategy centered on identity, intention and implementation. Brand Strategy in Three Steps highlights the importance of communicating value to consumers through meaningful interactions. Jay Mandel walks readers through the best branding strategies for new companies and established ones looking to revamp their approach, providing thoughtful exercises to help readers map a living brand document. The book helps readers through the three essential steps of brand strategy: identifying their core values as a company, determining how this relates to the product or service and tying these together when rolling out the strategy. Readers will gain the practical insight necessary to launch a successful, purposeful brand strategy and go-to-market plan.

African nations are seeking ways to build strong institutions that are development-oriented and people-centred. Extant literature has reported the negative consequences of ineffective government communications with the public. In response, this book - the first of a two-volume edited work - focuses on marketing communication themes related to branding, public relations, trade fairs and exhibitions, and public sector communications. Public sector marketing communication plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between society and the government. Building a relationship with the public through appropriate communication tools and platforms is sacrosanct to restoring public sector image and trust. The book supports this effort by sharing conceptual and theoretical research towards the marketisation of Africa's public sector as it strives to become an effective partner with the public it serves. Together with the second volume, which focuses on traditional and digital perspectives, this collection fills an existing information gap that is evident in Africa's public sector.

Building Brand Identity

Brand identity is the special blend of positioning and personality that gives a product or service its unique character in the mind of the consumer. It has never been easy to establish and maintain a strong identity, and now, with the fracturing of conventional media, mounting consumer distrust, and an unprecedented proliferation of new brands, it's more difficult than ever.

Written by a successful branding and marketing communications expert, Building Brand Identity provides managers with proven, practical steps for overcoming obstacles and developing a comprehensive strategy for winning the "brand wars."

Drawing on his work with Bank of America, Hunt-Wesson, DHL Worldwide Express, South-western Bell Yellow Pages, and other high-profile clients, Lynn Upshaw equips you with cutting-edge techniques for building and managing a formidable brand identity in today's cluttered and confusing global marketplace, including how to:

• Perform customer analysis and zero in on your markets using the latest individual-oriented targeting strategies
• Identify brand assets and leverage them to build a stronger, more enduring brand identity
• Position your product or service using a versatile new approach that is clearly superior to traditional thinking and product positioning
• Create an irresistible strategic brand personality that will differentiate and elevate your brand above the competition
• Capitalize on the exciting new branding possibilities provided by state-of-the-art communications platforms, including interactive marketing
• And much more

Throughout Building Brand Identity, Upshaw helps bring abstract concepts to life with literally hundreds of timely, real-world examples taken from a wide range of industries. Especially helpful are five in-depth case histories in which he carefully reconstructs the steps taken by marketplace winners Disney, Nike, Southwestern Bell, Procter & Gamble, and Saturn to turn their brands into household names. And he explains why Burger King is only now beginning to give McDonald's a serious run for its money.

Building Brand Identity supplies you with all the knowledge and tools you need to build and maintain a successful brand identity in even the most hostile marketplace. This is a book that belongs in the survival kit of every marketing manager, product manager, advertising executive, and public relations professional, as well as on the desk of every CEO.

Advance praise for Building Brand Identity . . .

"Lynn Upshaw has created a masterpiece for stewards of the great consumer brands of our time. Not since Procter & Gamble first created the brand management system in 1947 with Tide detergent has there been such a seminal contribution to consumer marketing. Building Brand Identity is a consummate roadmap for both the marketing practitioner and the academic. This is a must read for any marketing professional who hopes to create or sustain a vibrant and healthy brand in today's cluttered and competitive marketplace. This is one of those rare books which will make a real difference. Pass it by at your own peril." —Peter Sealey Former Senior Vice President, Global Marketing, the Coca-Cola Company Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley

"Lynn Upshaw's book is a rare business book that is both highly readable and informative. Chock full of examples, he provides practical guidelines to those who would build brand identities that will work in the marketplace." —David Aaker Author, Managing Brand Equity and Developing Business Strategies

"Many years ago, during the World's Fair held in New York City, one of the exhibitors handed out a button that read, 'I have seen the future.' After reading Lynn Upshaw's amazing new book, I dusted off my old button. If you're in business—and plan to stay in business—you really don't have a choice. You must read this book." —Jerry Della Femina

"The writing is superb . . . enormously engaging. I am particularly smitten by the breadth of examples. . . . Extremely practical, immediately useful on the job."—Charles Schewe Coauthor of The Portable MBA in Marketing

"Lynn Upshaw has written a thorough, realistic, and well-documented volume that affirms the lasting power of advertising and offers practical advice every marketing manager and advertising executive should take to heart. Building Brand Identity's greatest value is its constant stress on understanding and addressing the attitudes, desires, and aspirations of the consumer. Upshaw's many, vivid examples demonstrate, time and again, that the consumer's need—rather than the marketer's intuition—is the key to successful advertising in today's challenging marketplace."—Herbert M. Baum Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Quaker State Corporation, and former President Campbell Soup Company, North and South America

"There is likely no concern greater in the 1990s than the establishment, development, and care of brands. Upshaw's approach is clear, concise, filled with examples and, above all, geared to the new, information-rich marketplace in which brands exist. It's a must for any marketer or marketing organization."—Don E. Schultz Professor of Integrated Marketing Communications Medill School of Journalism, Northwestern University

The physical environment--its preservation, protection, and conservation--has become an urgent agenda for international marketers. Many marketing professionals have acknowledged that, in order to succeed, it is crucial that they integrate environmental considerations into their marketing strategies. Green Marketing in a Unified Europe gives marketing professionals insight into the opportunities available to competitively position themselves in the green environment, providing some companies with a much-needed strategic boost.Addressing the issue of green marketing at empirical and conceptual levels, contributors to Green Marketing in a Unified Europe give readers examples of how green marketing can be effectively integrated into international marketing. Chapters reveal green marketing's repercussions on the corporate world, on governments and governmental agencies, and on societies. Marketing professionals learn the specifics of: European green marketing strategies the practice of sustainable development in Europe eco-friendly companies and their practices consumer green environmentalism European public policy and the green environmentThese chapters represent a compilation of current research on green marketing and the European and/or international communities. This information provides marketing professionals and government policymakers with a good research base for developing effective green marketing policies, rules, and regulations in their own countries and companies. Readers learn of opportunities for businesses to competitively position themselves through an environment-friendly philosophy or through a stronger pro-environment stance.Marketing professionals, academics interested in public policy and green/environmental marketing, multinational companies, and practitioners hoping to jump on the "green" bandwagon will find Green Marketing in a Unified Europe an invaluable guide to learning how sustainable development affects policy-making in the European Union. They can then see how green marketing consequently impacts upon their own practices in Europe and in other regions with green marketing policies.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of digital trends, innovations, and strategies in fashion retailing. As consumers adopt new technologies and ways of shopping, fashion brands are constantly looking for ways to innovate and achieve digital transformation. Combining theory with practice, the authors take a deep dive into the impact of digital technologies on fashion brands communication and social media strategies; on consumer behaviour and customer participation strategies; and on entrepreneurship and e-tailing strategies. The book covers topics such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), fashion recommender systems, virtual fitting rooms, customer models, gamification, online shopping, mobile-shopping, videogames, digital media and virtual worlds. The book also explores the concepts of cocreation, storytelling and interactivity in real-life crowdfunding campaigns and in the digital world. Bringing a cutting-edge insight into the state of the fashion business, this book will help scholars and practitioners in fashion retailing, discover how to digitalise and gamify products, services, experiences and open new enterprising avenues through innovative strategies, leadership and management.

The CIM Marketing Dictionary the 5th edition of the best-selling Dictionary of Marketing now contains over 3,000 terms. This greatly expanded dictionary spans the complete range of present-day marketing and associated terminology. Marketers will also find over 400 new entries covering the latest jargon they need to know in IT. In compiling this selection, the editor has drawn on his own extensive experience and sought the views of all the leading trade and professional associations. The CIM Marketing Dictionary will prove invaluable to all marketing professionals including marketing managers and directors, sales, marketing communications managers, specialists involved in purchasing, export and many other fields. Students of this subject will also find this book an essential reference point.

In today's business world, competence is no longer enough in an employee--competent employees are merely a starting point. Internal Marketing: Your Company's Next Stage of Growth details how you can improve employee effectiveness--and therefore business--by marketing your firm to employees so they can more effectively serve outside customers and consumers. Employees need to be knowledgeable about their firm and confident in it and its products and services in order to perform their duties in an optimal manner. From this book, you will gain a thorough knowledge and understanding of the concept of internal marketing, how it can be implemented, and the benefits that will result.

This book focuses on the issues and challenges posed by COVID-19, proposing ways to deal with the supposed 'new normal' which the pandemic has introduced in the functioning of business, society, and environment. Among the issues discussed are employee well-being and mental health, impact of changes in education sector, marketing, selling and distribution of goods, change in business model for SME, impact on travel and personal grooming sector, consumer preferences, performance impact of intellectual capital, performance of banks-pre merger, and so on. Focus is on presenting strong research results backed by statistical analysis using different tools. There are managerial solutions to the problems being faced by businesses and firms. The presentations would throw great insights on how businesses have coped during pandemic times in a developing economy like India.

Building brands through integrated marketing is an approach being used by all top-level marketing strategists. The result of a series of papers presented at the eleventh annual Advertising and Consumer Psychology Conference held in Chicago, this volume brings together researchers and professionals whose efforts focus on integrating the various persuasive tools of marketing. It goes beyond case studies of the use of integrated marketing to look at how integrated communication actually works on achieving optimal effects on the various audiences for products.

Marketing to Seniors enveils a number of unique aspects of the senior market, including the introduction of the "extended senior customer" to account for the involvement of others in senior purchasing decisions. These include family, friends, advisors and health care professionals, for example.

Creating Organizational Advantage presents a critical appraisal of fashions and fads in management theory. It exposes the strategic weaknesses of change programmes such as Total Quality Management and Business Process Re-Engineering and explains why so many companies fail to become 'market-led' or 'customer-focused'.

An examination of global competitive forces and the internationalization pressures faced by companies provides insight into key strategic challenges as we approach the 21st century.
Creating Organizational Advantage analyses: how globalization is forcing organizations to address their 'strategic sloppiness', why companies seek 'panacea' solutions to basic business problems, the strategic dimensions of organizational change programmes, the role of joint ventures and strategic alliances in compensating for shortfalls in core competencies.
These key themes are integrated within a framework which proposes balanced solutions for organizational survival and strategic prosperity.
Many of the ideas for the book came from the author's research consultancy and executive development experience with international organizations, including:
Bass Taverns, British Steel, BT, Burmah Castrol, Cadbury Schweppes, CAMAS, Coopers & Lybrand, Coral, ECC, GPT, Grace Dearborn, Hitachi, Kodak, KPMG, Lucas Aerospace, Northern Telecom, Philips, Raychem, Reed Elsevier, Rolls-Royce plc, Shell Chemicals, Siemens-Nixdorf.
Winner of the 1995 MCA Management Prize
Presents critical appraisal of fashions and fads in management theory

Total Quality in Marketing integrates the two areas of marketing and quality management and demonstrates how they are mutually compatible and complementary. Its primary focus is to assist managers in applying total quality principles to the overall marketing management process-preparing for a more highly competitive marketplace. Practical guidelines and processes are offered on how quality initiatives impact planning, organization, implementation, and quality control.

This unique and valuable book presents a systems approach to quality-how to operationalize in the context of both the management and marketing cycles. It demonstrates how to establish effective team-based practices as well as describes the pitfalls of quality programs that are introduced as stand-alone programs without any linkage to overall strategy.
This useful new book serves as a teaching tool and comprehensive reference source for integrating total quality. Case studies, exercises and chapter profiles also provide excellent support materials.

Growers, packers, processors, and distributors of apples who wish to survive into the twenty-first century need to understand that they are now operating in an interconnected world market. The World Apple Market explains in lay terms the economics of the changes taking place in each phase of the apple business and assists firms in weighing decisions on organization, adoption of new technology, distribution systems and other crucial areas, allowing them to adjust operations and refocus their activities for the future.Readers will find the best available data on current industry operations and practices in this book, which is helpful to both established firms and new operators in reviewing their practices. Author A. Desmond O?Rourke describes evolving world apple supply and demand, changing distribution systems, and governmental and other societal pressure to which the industry must respond. Throughout, the book focuses on the economic forces which affect firm and industry profitability and evenmore specifically, it focuses on how to maintain cost efficiency while maintaining the quality of a perishable product.The World Apple Market explains the economics of practical decisionmaking at every level of the apple industry. This is crucial information for managers of operations that grow, pack, process, and market apples. As changes in market demand, distribution systems, and government regulation continue to alter the environment for decisionmaking, this book assists all involved in the apple market from researchers and extension agents, to industry associations, suppliers, and apple promoters, to government planners, students planning to enter the apple industry, and investors weighing thefeasibility of participating in the industry at any level.

Environmental Marketing: Strategies, Practice, Theory, and Research is a timely resource for the 1990s. It examines a broad range of issues that affect environmental behavior while providing materials and guidance to marketing decisionmakers. It will guide your organization toward a decidedly "green" marketing movement, toward marketing concepts and tools that not only serve your organization's objectives but preserve and protect the environment as well.Environmental Marketing clearly defines the potential roles of organizations, consumers, and governments and examines how these groups impact environmental factors through the marketing process. The book helps you understand alternative perspectives to green marketing issues and, in turn, enables you to make clearer, more conscious decisions toward improving your environmental marketing performance.This resourceful text begins by defining the concept of environmental or "green" marketing and how the idea of a healthy planet and successful marketing strategies can co-exist. It discusses the consumer's behavior toward environmental products and how marketers can effectively educate them, the guidelines involved in doing so, and the consequences of failing to do so. The marketer's position on environmental changes in industry is examined along with alternatives for striking a balance between marketing objectives and environmental concerns. Finally, the book discusses the global response to environmental marketing and where multi-national organizations belong within this balance.Environmental Marketing is a book for all managers involved in decisions impacting the environment. It is also of great interest to public policymakers and academicswho wish for quick insight into environmental marketing issues.

"The basic economic resource - 'the means of production', to use the economist's term - is no longer capital, nor natural resources, nor 'labour'. it is an will be knowledge." With penetrating insight Peter Drucker describes the changes that are affecting politics, business and society itself. It is vital that we are aware of and understand these changes in order to benefit from the opportunities that the future has to offer.

In recent years, "clean label" has become a trendy term in the food industry, spurring innovations in food product development. While the concept of "clean label" is relatively new, without any legal definition, it has a high market appearance and industrial relevance. Consumer demands are leading food and beverage manufacturers toward removing synthetic additives (e.g., emulsifiers) and incorporating natural ingredients. Indeed, many big food companies have committed to eliminating artificial food additives from their products altogether. However, the substitution of chemical preservatives for natural ingredients without compromising food safety, convenience, and sensory quality is a challenge for food technologists. The Age of Clean Label Foods offers a guide to this approach with a thorough exploration of "clean label" ingredients in foods and the development of these food products. All aspects of clean label foods are covered in this essential reference, including recent developments in "clean label ingredients," technologies for producing or enhancing the functionality of ingredients, the interaction of ingredients with emerging food processing technologies, legislative frameworks, and consumer attitudes. Particular emphasis is given to trendy topics in the clean label industry, such as products with reduced-fat or reduced salt content, modified starches, natural emulsifiers, antioxidants, flavorings and antimicrobials, and fermented foods, as well as active and intelligent packaging for clean label foods. Through this text, the authors hope to promote a better understanding from which food technologists and food microbiologists can operate in the "clean-label" arena, taking into consideration all the key aspects of food quality, sensory characteristics, and food safety.

In consumer and social psychology, salience has been generally treated as an attribute of a stimulus, which allows it to stand out and be noticed. Researchers, however, have only vaguely articulated the theoretical underpinnings of this term, thus impeding a thorough understanding of the perceptual processes behind its use in complex marketing communications. This book presents a theoretical approach for enhancing consumer processing and memory of marketing communication. Using schema theory and an information processing approach, the model introduced here - briefly referred to as the In-salience hypothesis emphasizes the nature of prominence which is intrinsic to any salience construct reviewed in literature. This model is part of wider Dichotic theory of salience, according to which a stimulus is salient either when it is incongruent in a certain context to a perceiver's schema, or when it is congruent in a certain context to a perceiver's goal. According to the four propositions of the model, in-salient stimuli are better recalled, affect both attention and interpretation, and are moderated by the degree of perceivers' comprehension (i.e., activation, accessibility, and availability of schemata), and involvement (i.e., personal relevance of the stimuli). Results of two empirical studies on print advertisements show that in-salient ad messages have the strongest impact in triggering ad processing which, in turn, leads to consumer awareness. The reading of this book is therefore recommended not only to academic scholars, but also to marketers especially planning ad campaigns and launches of new products.

GENERATE MORE LEADS AND HIGHER SALES--WITHOUT COLD CALLING!

Salespeople everywhere are learning the hard way that cold calling just doesn't work anymore. Yet, millions of salespeople are stuck in the past, using twentieth-century sales techniques to try to lure twenty-first-century customers. But today's consumers have no patience for the sales pitch--that is, if they even answer the phone at all.

There has to be an easier way to find more and better prospects--and there is. Today's most successful salespeople are using modern technology to bring prospects to them, rather than fishing for prospects over the phone. In Never Cold Call Again, Frank Rumbauskas shows you how to move your sales program into the Information Age using modern marketing tools like e-mail, Web sites, and blogs. Based on interviews with top performers, proven marketing tactics, and his own sales experience, Rumbauskas shows you how to make more money in sales without the high-pressure tactics and closing speeches everyone is sick of. This cutting-edge guide will bring your sales methods into the future, without the cold call. Plus, you'll learn how to: Craft a unique message and get it out to the masses Use e-mail to land prospects you wouldn't get over the phone Use direct mail techniques that still work Build a Web site and drive traffic to it Maintain ongoing contact with prospects Use newsletters to get the word out Write a blog to attract qualified prospects automatically Get free publicity from the media Think like an independent consultant, not a sales rep Develop and deliver a powerful sales proposal

Cold calling isn't just ineffective; it's outdated. Never Cold Call Again will show you how to tapinto the power of modern marketing to increase your prospects and boost your sales--without even picking up the phone!

Have you ever wondered what specific strategies the world's highest-paid Internet entrepreneurs are using to get rich? Are you tired of working forty hours per week at a job you dislike and not getting paid what you're worth? Would you like to learn how to package the knowledge already in your head and put it into high-earning digital products (ebooks, online courses, coaching programs, software, etc.)? Wouldn't it be great to make a bigger impact in the world by helping others and doing what you love? If you answered yes to any of these questions, read Matthew Loop's Social Media Made Me Rich. This tactical blueprint shares the common denominators of the wealthiest movers and shakers online. You'll learn: - How to profit big from Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, Pinterest, Amazon, and Google. - The biggest (and dumbest) mistakes to avoid when using high-leverage social platforms. - A million-dollar plan so you can start from scratch and monetize who you are along with what you know. - The most sought after scripts that grow your brand, influence, and bottom line fast. - How to become the celebrity expert in your industry. - The secret to attracting greater numbers of clients and sales without spending money. Social Media Made Me Rich is a comprehensive resource that helps you achieve prosperity and abundance on your terms, even if you're starting from zero.