In recent years, the techniques of electron microscopy have developed so widely and rapidly that they now cover the fields of research once the unique ll:panage of sister research techniques such as biochemistry, physiology, immunology, X-ray diffraction, etc. It is now possible to reach molecular and submolecular levels, making this technique indispensable in every type of research. Electron microscopy alone often provides enough information to solve given problems. In the field of the connective tissue matrix, knowledge of the molecular structure of collagen, pro teoglycans and elastin and their interaction has been to a large extent elucidated by electron microscopy. The field over which electron microscopy ranges in the investigation of the connective tissue matrix is so wide that the aim of this volume is to collect the main ultrastructural acquisitions disseminated in various journals and monographs in one book. The intent ofthis volume is to: (a) integrate different and new microscopic methods and review the results of such an integrative approach; (b) present a comprehensive ultrastructural account of selected aspects of the field; (c) point out gaps or controversial topics in our knowledge; (d) outline pertinent future research and expansion of the subject.

Many hormones, growth factors, and other large molecules bind to speci Jic receptors on the surface of eukaryotic cells and are rapidly taken into these cells. Current techniques of protein purification have made available sufficient amounts of these molecules so that detailed studies of their interaction with cells could be carried out. These studies have been performed on just a few types of cells, but it is clear that all types of cells carry out a_ similar internalization process. The realization that cells rapidly internalize hormones, growth factors, transport proteins, toxins, and viruses has led many investigators to address a similar series of questions: (1) What is the pathway by which macromolecules enter cells? (2) Do all macromolecules enter by the same pathway? (3) What is the function of internalization of large molecules? (4) What is the biochemical mechan ism of internalization? In this volume we have tried to provide answers to these and related questions. To do this we have asked scientists currently active in the field to contribute chapters in their special areas of interest. The selection of the material covered reflects in large part areas of active research. Because of space limitations some important areas have not been covered as fully as we would have liked in this volume, but will be covered in a future volume. Our aim has been to present a consistent view and, when disagreements exist, to point out the basis of such disagreements."

The annual meeting of the European Tissue Culture ., Society was held at the Castle of Zinkovy in Czechoslovakia from May 7-10,1969. Included as part of this meeting was a symposium on "Aging in Cell and Tissue Culture." This volume contains the papers presented at that symposium. The use of cell and tissue culture techniques to study the mechanism of aging is not new. For example, it has long been known that age-associated changes which occur in plasma can inhibit cell proliferation in vitro; also that the time lapse prior to cell migration from ex planted tissue fragments increases with increasing age. These are both examples of the expression in vitro of aging in vivo. More recently, attention has been focused on the occurrence of senescence in vitro. These investi gations have included studies of alterations in non dividing cell cultures, and to a somewhat greater extent, of age-related changes in the proliferative capacity of cells in vitro. For example, cells derived from human fetal lung retain many properties of normal cells including a stable normal diploid karyotype and these cultures have been shown to have a limited life-span in vitro. In addi tion, cultures derived from human adult lung show the same normal characteristics and appear to have a shorter life span than cells derived from fetal lung."

The study of life is the study of tier upon tier of interlocking homeostatic mechanisms, and the main theme of this book concerns that part of the system that ensures cellular and tissue homeostasis and thus maintains tissue mass, tissue structure and tissue function in the adult mammal. The functional existence of any adult tissue depends on the continuing control of the states of differentiation of its cells. Just as in an embryo, where cellular differentiation is initiated and controlled by the genetic responses of the cells to specific messenger molecules, so also throughout the whole of adult life does the genetic activity of the tissue cells continue to be regulated by similarly specific messenger molecules. The process of differentiation does not cease in the embryo but remains as the essential factor which ensures not only the function but also the continuing existence of the adult tissues. Thus the first problem considered here, the methods of control of cell production, cell function and cell death, is discussed in terms of the nature and mode of action of those messenger molecules which, from moment to moment, determine the states of differentiation of the tissue cells. Some of these messenger molecules are synthesized in adjacent tissues while others are synthesized within the responding tissues themselves.

Shelley Saunders This book offers a welcome diversity of topics covering the broader subjects of teeth and the study of teeth by anthropologists. There is an impressive array of coverage here including the history of anthropological study of the teeth, morphology and structure, pathology and epidemiology, the relationship between nutrition, human behavior and the dentition, age and sex estimation from teeth, and geographic and genetic variation. Most chapter authors have provided thorough reviews of their subjects along with examples of recent analytical work and recommendations for future research. North American researchers should particularly appreciate the access to an extensive European literature cited in the individual chapter bibliographies. Physical anthropologists with even a passing interest in dental research should greet the publication of this book with pleasure since it adds to a growing list of books on how the study of teeth can tell us so much about past human populations. In addition to the archaeological applications, there is the forensic objective of dental anthropology which the editors refer to in their introduction which is dealt with in this volume. The chapters dealing with methods of sex determination, age estimation of juveniles and age estimation of adults using the teeth are exhaustive and exacting and of critical importance to both "osteoarchaeologists" and forensic anthropologists. Authors Liversidge, Herdeg and Rosing provide very clear guidelines for the use of dental formation standards in juvenile age estimation, recommendations that are so obviously necessary at this time.

Innovative microscopic techniques, introduced during the last two decades, have contributed much to creating a new picture of the dynamic architecture of the cell, which can now be more exactly correlated with specific biochemical and physiopathological events. These developments have led to significant advances in our understanding of the physiomorphological and pathological aspects of the secretory mechanism, as well as the pharmacologic methods used to control, experimentally, the function of exocrine and endocrine glands. The integration of new ultrastructural methods such as freeze-fracture/etching, immunocytochemistry, scanning and high-voltage electron microscopy, cytoautoradiography, etc. , has proven to be of great value when applied to the study of endocrine cells and tissues. Because information on this topic has appeared in a variety of scientific and medical journals, this book: (1) reviews the results of an integrative approach presenting a comprehensive ultrastructural account of the main aspects of the field; (2) points out gaps or controversial topics in our knowledge; and (3) outlines pertinent directions for future research. The chapters, prepared by recognized authorities in the field, present traditional information on the topic in a concise manner and, with a valuable selection of original illustrations, show what the integration of new microscopic methods can contribute to the subject in terms of new concepts. This volume will be useful to cell biologists, anatomists, embryologists, histologists, pharmacologists, pathologists, and, of course, endocrinologists. It will also be of interest to students, practitioners of medicine, and to all others dealing with clinical research and diagnosis.

Advances in the development and application of electron microscopic techniques have occurred recently such that the electron microscope has evolved to become an essential tool in both basic and clinical research. Use of this instrument has contributed significantly to the formation of new perspectives and concepts concerning cell fine structure. These structural perspectives are now being integrated with specific functional, biochemical and pathophysiological events and processes of cells and tissues. Most recently, utilization of innovative electron microscopic techniques such as freeze-fracture, freeze etching, and scanning and high-voltage electron microscopy offers both the basic and clinical scientist potentially fundamental insights into many morphodynamic processes related to the activities of cells and tissues. Such an approach has been especially rewarding when applied to the dynamic events of gametogenesis and early embryonic development. The chapters comprising this book have been selected and edited with the aim of providing an up-to-date and comprehensive account of the most important aspects of vertebrate gamets and embryos as revealed by the integration of several different submicroscopic methods. The organization of the chapters is designed to indicate present gaps in our knowledge of the developmental and reproductive biology of gametes and the developing embryo and possible Iines of research which may lead to a lessening of these gaps."

Aging research on the human eyes crosses all areas of ophthalmology and also relies upon biological, morphological, physiological, and biochemical tools for its study. This book reviews all aspects of human eye aging. In addition to descriptions of age-related changes in almost all the structures of the human eyes, the authors also include interesting accounts of personal experiments and data. It provides an extensive panorama of what happens during aging in the eye.

"Lysosomes are now known tobe notjustacollectionofisolatedorganellesofin- terest only to the biochemist, but part ofa complex, dynamic, membranous sys- tem essential to the cell's economy." So wrote the late Dame Honor Fell and I in the preface to the first volume of Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology almost 30 years ago. We wentonto say thatresearchonthelysosomalsystematthetimewas in a state ofexplosive and chaotic growth. While the chaos has beenlargely reduced, the growthofresearch into the bi- ology ofthe lysosome remains considerable. Biologists worldwide are still fasci- nated by the diversity of activities and the interaction between the various membranous systems of the cell, both in biological and pathological situations. The present volume, edited by John Lloyd and Robert Mason, who have each made major contributions to research in this field, continues to systematize the growthofinformation in this importantarea. Taken together, the twelve chaptersofthis volume form an extensive update ofour knowledge of the biological and physiological role of the lysosomal sys- tem. The book will enhance our knowledge ofcell function and help in our un- derstanding ofthe factors that control cell metabolism in health and disease. John T. Dingle Hughes Hall Cambridge, England ix Preface Lysosomes are still orphan organelles. Even in the 1990s, it is not unknown for members of a scientific or medical audience to reveal, by a question following a lecture, thatthey confuse lysosome with lysozyme or liposome.Andthis ignorance has adeeperreasonthan mereconfusionoversimilar-sounding terms. Itarisesbe- cause Iysosomes exist on the periphery of cell function, rather than at its center.

The Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Examination and Practical Skills is a comprehensive pocket guide for medical, physician assistant, and nurse practitioner students. It is designed to help students transition from classroom to clinical internships, preceptorships, and clerkships. Providing clear and user-friendly guidance on all aspects of history taking, physical examination, common practical procedures, data interpretation and communication skills, it gives realistic advice on coping with and mastering common situations.
Each systems chapter follows a structured format covering applied anatomy, history, examination, and the presentation of common and important disorders. The procedures section includes approximately forty practical procedures that the final year medical student and senior nurse are expected to perform. The section on data interpretation covers the basics of chest x-rays, abdominal x-rays, ECGs, lung function tests and several other areas that the student is expected to carry out in their early years of training.

The new edition of this well-known hybrid anatomy core text and atlas superbly depicts and describes the human body, so you can identify anatomical structures with confidence and have a clear understanding of the core anatomy you need. Now fully revised and updated, it is the only textbook and atlas of gross anatomy that illustrates all structures using high-quality dissection photographs AND clearly labelled line drawings for each photograph. This is combined with concise yet thorough text to support and explain all key human anatomy and clearly relate it to clinical practice. The complete, downloadable eBook (via Student Consult), enhanced with interactive self-assessment material, completes this superb, comprehensive resource. It will be particularly relevant to medical and dental students, as well as candidates preparing for higher surgical specialties and radiology. It will also be an invaluable, accessible guide for students in other professions where anatomy is an important component of the course. New highlighting of expanded clinically relevant portions of the text and the Clinical Case Skills pages help readers quickly understand how to apply gross anatomical knowledge to clinical settings High quality, colored dissection photographs show structures most likely to be seen and tested in the lab - helps students recognize and interpret gross specimens accurately Interpretive line drawings next to every photograph clearly identify structures described in the adjacent text and consistent use of color-coding helps differentiate muscle, ligament, peritoneum etc. New photographs with the latest imaging techniques employed in current practice reveal anatomical structures clearly This book comes with the complete, downloadable eBook via STUDENT CONSULT - enhanced with new interactive self-assessment material to check understanding and aid exam preparation High quality, richly coloured dissection photographs show structures most likely to be seen and tested in the lab - helps you recognize and interpret gross specimens accurately Interpretive line drawings next to every photograph, with consistent colour-coding - helps you clearly identify structures and differentiate fat, muscle, ligament, etc. 'Clinical Skills' pages and new highlighting of the most clinically relevant text helps readers quickly understand how to apply knowledge of gross anatomy to the clinical setting New photographs reflect the latest imaging techniques as seen in current practice This book comes with the complete, downloadable eBook via STUDENT CONSULT- enhanced with new interactive self-assessment material to check understanding and aid exam preparation High quality, richly coloured dissection photographs show structures most likely to be seen and tested in the lab - helps you recognize and interpret gross specimens accurately Interpretive line drawings next to every photograph, with consistent colour-coding - helps you clearly identify structures and differentiate fat, muscle, ligament, etc. 'Clinical Skills' pages and new highlighting of the most clinically relevant text helps readers quickly understand how to apply knowledge of gross anatomy to the clinical setting New photographs reflect the latest imaging techniques as seen in current practice This book comes with the complete, downloadable eBook via STUDENT CONSULT - enhanced with new interactive self-assessment material to check understanding and aid exam preparation

Praised by "Nature" ("stunning"), the "London Times" ("remarkable"), and the "Guardian" ("mesmeric"), this lavishly illustrated book chronicles the remarkable history of anatomical illustration. Before the invention of photography, artists played an essential role in medical science, recording human anatomy in startlingly direct and often moving images. Over 400 years, beginning with Vesalius, they charted the main systems of the body, made precise studies of living organs, documented embryonic development, and described pathologies. "Human Anatomy" includes portfolios of the work of 19 great anatomical artists, with concise biographies, and culminates with the Visible Human Project, which uses digital tools to visualize the human body.
Praise for "Human Anatomy:
""From Leonardo da Vinci's exquisite pen-and-ink drawings of the human skeleton to the digital Visible Human Project in its three-dimensional glory, this fascinating book . . . documents more than 500 years of anatomical illustration in living color."
" -Scientific American "

Full multiplanar coverage of the spine, extremities, and joints! Renowned for its superb illustrations and highly practical information, the third volume of this classic reference reflects the very latest in state-of-the-art imaging technology. Together with Volumes 1 and 2, this compact and portable book provides a highly specialized navigational tool for clinicians seeking to master the ability to recognize anatomical structures and accurately interpret CT and MR images. Highlights of Volume 3: New CT and MR images of the highest quality Didactic organization using two-page units, with radiographs on one page and full-color illustrations on the next Concise, easy-to-read labeling on all figures Color-coded, schematic diagrams that indicate the level of each section Sectional enlargements for detailed classification of the anatomical structure Comprehensive, compact, and portable, this popular book is ideal for use in both the classroom and clinical setting.

Based on the authors' own tutorials and dissection sessions during basic surgical training, this invaluable guide to surgical anatomy, fully illustrated throughout with clear line diagrams drawn exclusively for this book, will provide the surgical trainee with an invaluable guide to this important part of surgical training. Each chapter begins with a topic list designed to help the reader plan and coordinate a programme of study. Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) have been included throughout, and are designed to illustrate the main points of each topic. Each question is accompanied by full model answers to help students acquire and consolidate their anatomical knowledge. This book will prove invaluable for both medical and dental students, and also for surgical trainees taking the MCQ component of postgraduate surgical examinations.

Serge Tixa presents in this highly popular book a method of palpatory anatomy called Manual Exploration of Surface Anatomy (MESA). MESA locates anatomical structures important to clinical examination allowing careful selection of the most appropriate manual therapy technique or manoeuvre. The new edition presents precisely and visually the various anatomical structures with the help of more than 130 colour illustrations and close to 900 black and white photographs. For every photograph showing an anatomical structure accessible to palpation, a model whose physique shows the structure clearly has been chosen. Each chapter has up to four subsections, treating the various aspects of each body region. These cover osteology, myology (musculotendinous structures), arthrology (joints and ligaments) and lastly nerves and blood vessels. Each photograph is carefully presented and accompanied by a section of text describing the method of approach to finding the structure concerned. Whenever necessary, reminders, essential for the proper use of the methods of approach (attachments, actions and innervations) are included. Clinical notes highlight the link between palpation and clinical diagnoses. Atlas of Surface Palpation: Anatomy of the Neck, Trunk, Upper and Lower Limbs is aimed at students and practitioners who need a method of applied anatomy in their practice. All new artwork programme enhances accessibility and learning Useful template approach aids ready understanding and allows the reader to go at his or her own speed Presents almost 600 photographs and line artworks to render the learning experience as easy as possible Contains over 160 pull out boxes to act as useful aide memoires Clinical Hints and Tips boxes indicate points of relevance for the clinic Methods of approach illustrated with many new photographs Anatomical drawings have been completely redesigned to improve clarity Clinical Notes boxes Glossary Inclusion of Dermatomes

A comprehensive collection of 50 anatomical charts of the human body. This hardcover portfolio provides a valuable anatomical resource offering a comprehensive look at human anatomy as well as describing many conditions, systems and diseases. The 50 plates are spiral bound, allowing plates to lay flat for easy examination and the vivid illustrations present each topic in a concise form. This portfolio has a place on the school library shelf, a physicians office or at home with the family's other information resources. LIST OF PLATES: skeletal system; understanding the hip and knee; understanding the shoulder and elbow; understanding the foot and ankle; understanding the hand and wrist; osteoarthritis; understanding the spine; male muscular system; female muscular system; rheumatoid arthritis; understanding osteoporosis; respiratory system; understanding asthma; COPD; the effects of smoking; understanding rhinitis; the common cold vs the flu; the heart; high blood pressure; effects of hypertension; understanding angina; understanding heart disease; understanding stroke; digestive system; understanding GERD; understanding IBS; diseases of the digestive system; the vascular system; understanding diabetes; understanding cholesterol; understanding DVT; the effects of alcohol; the brain; understanding CNS; the liver; understanding hepatitis; the kidney; the endocrine system; the eye; understanding glaucoma; the ear; middle ear infections; understanding the teeth; the lymphatic system; the nervous system; understanding skin; male reproductive system; understanding the prostate; female reproductive system; understanding menopause.

Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Volume 1: Locomotor System For over 45 years, the three-volume Color Atlas of Human Anatomy has provided readers with a compact review of the human body and its structures. It is ideal for studying, preparing for exams, and as a reference. The new, 8th edition of Volume 1: Locomotor System builds on a robust foundation of scientific knowledge, summarizing in its compactness both the topographic and systemic anatomy of the musculoskeletal system. Key highlights: Updated clinical notes provide important correlations between the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system and disease processes Proven concept of concise texts paired with more than 200 color plates of outstanding anatomical illustrations Overviews of anatomical terms and their Latin equivalents Volume 1: Locomotor System is accompanied by Volume 2: Internal Organs (ISBN 978-3-13-242448-7) and Volume 3: Nervous System and Sensory Organs (ISBN 978-3-13-242451-7).

The sixth edition of this classic work makes mastering a vast amount of information on internal organs much less daunting. It offers a vivid review of the human body and its structure, and it is an ideal study companion as well as an excellent basic reference text. These are some of the many user-friendly features of this book New color plates on embryology and histology More than 200 outstanding full-color illustrations and 130 clinical correlations Side-by-side images with explanatory text An overview of anatomical terms in each section Emphasizing clinical anatomy, this text integrates current information from a wide range of medical disciplines into discussions of the internal organs, including: Cross-sectional anatomy as a basis for working with modern imaging modalities Detailed explanations of organ topography and function Physiological and biochemical information included where appropriate An entire chapter devoted to pregnancy and human development Volume 2: Internal Organs and its companions Volume 1: Locomotor System and Volume 3: Nervous System and Sensory Organs comprise a must-have resource for students of medicine, dentistry, and all allied health fields.

Taking a novel, highly interactive approach, Functional Neuroanatomy emphasizes the conceptual and experimental foundations needed to both comprehend neuroanatomy and apply it to clinical problems. Coverage begins with an introduction to gross structures, histological architecture, and imaging modalities. From there, a systematic treatment of specific areas follows, with an emphasis on explaining their interrelationships. Concluding chapters elegantly tie together key concepts through a focus on system development and trauma. Also included are helpful appendices, including a glossary and an atlas of labeled gross structures and cross sections, and an introduction to clinical brain imaging. Rich in resources, this book relies on problems and exercises to engage the student, providing numerous dissections, radiological materials, histology of various neurological disorders, and clinical case studies. Numerous instructive images appear throughout the text, while a detailed discussion encompasses functional MRI, computed tomography (CT), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Clearly organized to provide a thorough understanding of the central nervous system and its function, this

"Here is a book which compiles the most accurate data on bone age in an extremely useful form, so that the practicing clinician, pediatrician, general practitioner, internist, or radiologist may find data quickly and accurately. . . . This book represents a tremendous amount of work, a study of over 1,000 individuals, with from two to twenty films each, in an effort to find an acceptable series of standards. . . . This book should be in te possession of all those who expect to interpret skeletal age from films or assess the patient from that clinical point of view."--Stanford Medical Bulletin
"To pediatrician, radiologist and all those responsible for the physical care of the child, this Atlas is essential. Text and illustration are of the highest standards, and the work will long remain the classic in the field."--The United States Quarterly Book Review

Written and edited by expert surgeons in collaboration with a world-renowned anatomist, this exquisitely illustrated reference consolidates surgical, anatomical and technical knowledge for the entire human body in a single volume. Part of the highly respected Gray's 'family,' this new resource brings to life the applied anatomical knowledge that is critically important in the operating room, with a high level of detail to ensure safe and effective surgical practice. Gray's Surgical Anatomy is unique in the field: effectively a textbook of regional anatomy, a dissection manual, and an atlas of operative procedures - making it an invaluable resource for surgeons and surgical trainees at all levels of experience, as well as students, radiologists, and anatomists. Brings you expert content written by surgeons for surgeons, with all anatomical detail quality assured by Lead Co-Editor and Gray's Anatomy Editor-in-Chief, Professor Susan Standring. Features superb colour photographs from the operating room, accompanied by detailed explanatory artwork and figures from the latest imaging modalities - plus summary tables, online videos (intra-operative and cadaveric), self-assessment questions, and case-based scenarios - making it an ideal reference and learning package for surgeons at all levels. Reflects contemporary practice with chapters logically organized by anatomical region, designed for relevance to surgeons across a wide range of subspecialties, practice types, and clinical settings - and aligned to the requirements of current trainee curricula. Maximizes day-to-day practical application with references to core surgical procedures throughout, as well as the 'Tips and Anatomical Hazards' from leading international surgeons. Demonstrates key anatomical features and relationships that are essential for safe surgical practice - using brand-new illustrations, supplemented by carefully selected contemporary artwork from the most recent edition of Gray's Anatomy and other leading publications. Integrates essential anatomy for robotic and minimal access approaches, including laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques. Features dedicated chapters describing anatomy of lumbar puncture, epidural anaesthesia, peripheral nerve blocks, echocardiographic anatomy of the heart, and endoscopic anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract - as well as a unique overview of human factors and minimizing error in the operating room, essential non-technical skills for improving patient outcomes and safety. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices - PLUS a wealth of BONUS content not found in the printed book.

What happens to your body after you have died? Fertilizer? Crash Test Dummy? Human Dumpling? Ballistics Practise? Life after death is not as simple as it looks. Mary Roach's Stiff lifts the lid off what happens to our bodies once we have died. Bold, original and with a delightful eye for detail, Roach tells us everything we wanted to know about this new frontier in medical science. Interweaving present-day explorations with a history of past attempts to study what it means to be human Stiff is a deliciously dark investigations for readers of popular science as well as fans of the macabre. 'Spry, common, sharp-witted survey brings a whole new meaning to the phrase "Life after death"' Sunday Times 'One of the funniest and most unusual books of the year' Entertainment Weekly 'Every chapter packed with more arresting details elegantly humourously expressed than one can hope for' Sunday Telegraph

Local-regional anesthesia and pain therapy represent two areas of common interest for all physicians. A thorough preparation in functional anatomy and general pharmacology, including familiarity with local anesthetics and analgesics, is considered fundamental background for further study or clinical application of such techniques. Knowledge of the mechanisms of action, efficacies and side effects of the relevant drugs is essential, as is appreciation of possible drug interactions to evaluate eventual toxic effects. Local-regional anesthesia and pain management are being increasing used in diverse medical specialties, including those requiring manual dexterity. In contemporary medicine correct evaluation of the medical outcome becomes essential, especially in relation to the cost-benefit balance, not only in terms of the resources consumed, also and more importantly for the quality of life of the patient.