This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.

This volume seeks to understand how organisms and gene functions are influenced by environmental cues while accounting for variation that takes place within and among environmental populations and communities. Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG) guides readers through methods to analyse the diversity of different organism types (archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and microfauna), interactions between fungi and trees, and methods to identify and characterize functions and functional diversity of both pro- and eukaryotes. Written for the Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG) will serve as a primary research reference for researchers and research managers in environmental microbiology working in the expanding field of molecular ecology and environmental genomics.

The aim of this book is to improve pyrosequencing protocols as well as instrumentation for better clinical use by describing improvements and novel applications of pyrosequencing technology. Divided into five parts, the book's thirty chapters explore advances in pyrosequencing template preparation, pyrosequencing technology innovations, multiplex pyrosequencing based on barcodes, the miniaturization of pyrosequencing equipment, as well as various applications. As part of the Springer Protocols program, chapters contain the kind of detail and practical implementation advice to guarantee successful results in the lab. Comprehensive and thorough, Advances and Clinical Practice in Pyrosequencing serves as a valuable reference for researchers who are engaged in personalized medicine, disease control, and DNA diagnosis in numerous other fields.

The human body is truly an amazing thing. Capable of awe- inspiring feats of speed and agility, while being mind-blowing in complexity, our bodies are unmatched by any other species on Earth. In the Big Book of the Human Body, we explore our amazing anatomy in fine detail before delving into the intricacies of the complex processes, functions and systems that keep us going. For instance, did you know you really have 16 senses? We also explain the weirdest and most wonderful bodily phenomena, from blushing to hiccuping, cramps to jaundice. We will tour the human body from skull to metatarsal, using anatomical illustrations, amazing photography and authoritative explanations to teach you more. This book will help you understand the wonder that is the human body and in no time you will begin to see yourself in a whole new light.

This book covers the basics of evoked spinal cord potentials (SCPs) with reference to studies in animals. Many illustrations help the reader grasp the neurophysiological and neuropharmacological background of spinal cord functions. Case studies offer insight into monitoring and diagnosing spinal cord dysfunctions and spinal cord diseases. The book is intended for students in clinical neurophysiology, neurosurgery, neurology, orthopedics and neuroanesthesia.

The phylontogenic theory proposes an original understanding of nose, sinus and midface formation and development by looking back in evolution for the first traces of the olfactory organ and then tracing its successive phyletic transformations to become part of the respiratory apparatus and finally the central point of human facial anatomy. Von Baer's, Darwin's, Haeckel's, Garstang's, Gould's and Buss' explorations of parallels between phylogeny and ontogeny help to trace the nose and midface story. The paradigm of existing parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny proves useful both in seeking to understand the holoprosencephalic spectrum of facial malformations (which represent radically different pathways of facial development after the life's tape has been started to run again) and in formulating hypotheses on chordate to vertebrate evolution. The phylontogenic theory leads to new medical hypotheses on nose and sinus diseases and opens the field of evolution and development-based medicine.

Survey.- Cavum Nasi and Fossa Pterygopalatina.- Sinus Sphenoidalis and Fossa Pterygopalatina.- Tuba Auditiva (Eustachii).- Pyramis (Petrous Bone, Pars Petrosa Plus Pars Tympanica).- Clivus Area and Pars Condylaris.- Special Surgical Aspects Examples.

A new era for liver anatomy has dawned. With the development of multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) in the 1990s, precise volume-rendered 3-D images could be constructed, leading to new observations. Liver anatomy has since been reevaluated from the standpoint of portal segmentation and drainage veins and includes a reclassification of the liver. Better surgical results and fewer complications have supported the rationale for the new liver anatomy. Based on the work and spirit of Team Chiba from Chiba University, this publication is a testament to the collaboration, perseverance, and innovation in the field of liver anatomy. With high regard for the early pioneers in this field, Team Chiba can be credited with pioneering its own antiviral treatment, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, radiation therapy, and US-guided hepatic resections. It is the team's hope that the new liver anatomy will find acceptance worldwide and will contribute to the advancement of the health and welfare of mankind.

Bicycles have been a common device to enhance physical fitness level in gyms and training centers along with solid use in competitive sport. For that reason, biomechanics of cycling has grown as a research field with many publications addressing different perspective of the interaction between the cyclist and his bicycle. The most common end point of research on biomechanics of cycling is optimization of performance and reduction of injury risk. One goal of this book is to meet the growing need for a comprehensive presentation of contemporary knowledge on biomechanics of cycling which will positively influence the activity of cycling in a global fashion. In order to accomplish this purpose, ten chapters are presented with focus on varying methods for biomechanical analysis of cycling motion. The introduction section provides an overview of the main methods for assessment of cycling motion, including motion analysis, pedal force measurements, muscle activation, anthropometry and joint kinetics. These methods are discussed in depth in individual chapters followed by chapters on characteristics of bicycles and potential perspectives to improve their configuration in order to improve performance of cyclists and reduce their overuse injury risk. Moreover, a preliminary method to train technique in cyclists is shown. A final chapter provides authors perspective on the upcoming technology that should be effective in helping training of cyclists.   

BMA Book Awards - Winner of Basic and Clinical Sciences category! The perfect up-to-date imaging guide for a complete and 3-dimensional understanding of applied human anatomy Imaging is ever more integral to anatomy education and throughout modern medicine. Building on the success of previous editions, this fully revised sixth edition provides a superb foundation for understanding applied human anatomy, offering a complete view of the structures and relationships within the whole body, using the very latest imaging techniques. All relevant imaging modalities are included, from plain radiographs to more advanced imaging of ultrasound, CT, MRI, functional imaging and angiography. Coverage is further enhanced by a carefully selected range of BONUS electronic content, including clinical photos and cases, ultrasound videos, labelled radiograph 'slidelines', cross-sectional imaging stacks and test-yourself materials. Uniquely, key syllabus image sets are now highlighted throughout to aid efficient study, as well as the most common, clinically important anatomical variants that you should be aware of. This superb package is ideally suited to the needs of medical students, as well as radiologists, radiographers and surgeons in training. It will also prove invaluable to the range of other students and professionals who require a clear, accurate, view of anatomy in current practice. Fully revised legends and labels and new high-quality images-featuring the latest imaging techniques and modalities as seen in clinical practice Covers the full variety of relevant modern imaging-including cross-sectional views in CT and MRI, angiography, ultrasound, fetal anatomy, plain film anatomy, nuclear medicine imaging and more - with better resolution to ensure the clearest anatomical views Core syllabus image sets now highlighted throughout-to help you focus on the most essential areas to excel on your course and in examinations Unique summaries of the most common, clinically important anatomical variants for each body region-reflects the fact that around 20% of human bodies have at least one clinically significant variant New orientation drawings-to help you understand the different views and the 3D anatomy of 2D images, as well as the conventions between cross-sectional modalities Ideal as a stand-alone resource or in conjunction with Abrahams' and McMinn's Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy-where new links help put imaging in the context of the dissection room Now a more complete learning package than ever before, with superb BONUS electronic enhancements embedded within the accompanying eBook, including: Labelled image 'stacks'-that allow you to review cross-sectional imaging as if using an imaging workstation Labelled image 'slidelines'-showing features in a full range of body radiographs to enhance understanding of anatomy in this essential modality Self-test image 'slideshows' with multi-tier labelling-to aid learning and cater for beginner to more advanced experience levels Labelled ultrasound videos-bring images to life, reflecting this increasingly clinically practiced technique Questions and answers accompany each chapter-to test your understanding and aid exam preparation 34 pathology tutorials-based around nine key concepts and illustrated with hundreds of additional pathology images, to further develop your memory of anatomical structures and lead you through the essential relationships between normal and abnormal anatomy High-yield USMLE topics-clinical photos and cases for key topics, linked and highlighted in chapters

Lippincott (R) Connect Featured Title Purchase of the new print edition of this Lippincott (R) Connect title includes access to the digital version of the book, plus related materials such as videos and multiple-choice Q&A and self-assessments. Clinically focused, clearly written and vibrantly illustrated, this introductory text equips students with a working knowledge of the force-motion relationship within the musculoskeletal system and the use of biomechanical principles in the evaluation and treatment of musculoskeletal dysfunction in clinical settings. Content progresses logically, introducing the basic terminology and concepts of biomechanics and providing focused perspectives on the biomechanics of tissues and structures, the biomechanics of joints and applied biomechanics - with case studies throughout to integrate biomechanical knowledge into clinical training for patient care. This updated 5th Edition of Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System highlights the global relevance of musculoskeletal biomechanics and features new full-color images that demonstrate biomechanical movement with vivid detail. NEW! Two new chapters familiarize students with biomechanical approaches to the thoracic spine and rib cage, and typical postures (such as squatting) and their biomechanical impact upon indigenous people throughout the world. UPDATED! Revised content throughout acquaints students with the most up-to-date and clinically relevant perspectives. NEW! Full-color illustrations clarify structures and movements with engaging detail. Clinical case studies help students link biomechanical knowledge to practical applications. Lippincott (R) Connect features: Full access to the digital version of the book with the ability to highlight and take notes on key passages for a more personal, efficient study experience. Carefully curated resources, such as interactive diagrams, audio and video tutorials, and self-assessment, all designed to facilitate further comprehension. Lippincott (R) Connect also allows users to create Study Collections to further personalize the study experience. With Study Collections you can: Pool content from books across your entire library into self-created Study Collections based on discipline, procedure, organ, concept or other topics. Display related text passages, video clips and self-assessment questions from each book (if available) for efficient absorption of material. Annotate and highlight key content for easy access later. Navigate seamlessly between book chapters, sections, self-assessments, notes and highlights in a single view/page.

This book covers new techniques in protein NMR, from basic principles to state-of-the-art research. It covers a spectrum of topics ranging from a "toolbox" for how sequence-specific resonance assignments can be obtained using a suite of 2D and 3D NMR experiments and tips on how overlap problems can be overcome. Further topics include the novel applications of Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization methods (DNP), assessing protein structure, and aspects of solid-state NMR of macroscopically aligned membrane proteins. This book is an ideal resource for students and researchers in the fields of biochemistry, chemistry, and pharmacology and NMR physics. Comprehensive and intuitively structured, this book examines protein NMR and new novel applications that include the latest technological advances. This book also has the features of: * A selection of various applications and cutting-edge advances, such as novel applications of Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization methods (DNP) and a suite of 2D and 3D NMR experiments and tips on how overlap problems can be overcome * A pedagogical approach to the methodology * Engaging the reader and student with a clear, yet critical presentation of the applications

The essentials of medical terminology for the short, self-paced, or online course Medical Terminology Express + Medical Language Lab work together to create an immersive, multimedia experience for students and complete teaching materials for instructors that are perfect for a short course in the classroom or online. The text leads students to proficiency through proven word-building and competency-based techniques, while the online program, Medical Language Lab, tracks student progress until they've mastered the language of medicine. An access code inside new, printed texts unlocks the ebook and Medical Language Lab for students. Digital access can be purchased directly on FADavis.com. Instructors. Want to learn more? Request preview access to explore Medical Language Lab. See what students are saying online about the previous edition... Five Stars. "Just the book I needed for class with the Medical Language Lab online that I needed." - Josh, Online Reviewer Fantastic. " ...really easy to understand. I love the color coding, simple language, repetition, and regular practice questions. The online component of the book is also really helpful and well done, highly recommend using it." - Sam, Online Reviewer TextNow in its 3rd Edition, Medical Terminology Express adapts Barbara Gylys's proven word-building techniques for the short-course. Organized by body system, this text demonstrates the connection between anatomical structures and associated medial word roots. Medical Language Lab Online. Interactive. Progressive. Medical Language Lab guides students step by step from basic through advanced levels of proficiency to become confident medical language speakers. A wealth of audio case studies, progressive exercises, lecture videos, and a pronunciation guide and activities, plus an integrated e-book version of the text, offer multiple paths to learning success. This immersive, multimedia experience guides students and tracks their progress as they apply word-building concepts for practice and application.

This is by far the most exhaustive biography on Niels Stensen, anatomist, geologist and bishop, better known as "Nicolaus Steno". We learn about the scientist's family and background in Lutheran Denmark, of his teachers at home and abroad, of his studies and travels in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Bohemia and Germany, of his many pioneering achievements in anatomy and geology, of his encounters with Swammerdam, Malpighi and with members of the newly established Royal Society of London and the Accademia del Cimento in Florence, and with the philosopher Spinoza. It further treats Stensen's religious conversion. The book includes the full set of Steno's anatomical and geological scientific papers in original language. The editors thoroughly translated the original Latin text to English, and included numerous footnotes on the background of this bibliographic and scientific treasure from the 17th century.

This new volume provides a concise overview of the most basic and exciting chapters of comparative medicine with regards to physiology and function in healthy individuals. The book includes core concepts in anatomy and physiology in human and animal models, which are key to understanding comparative medicine and to making contributions to research in this area. While writing this book, the authors were in constant interdisciplinary dialogue. They aim to contribute to improvements in quality of life for human and animal patients.

The Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton provides a unique systematic description of all calcified components of the mouse. It includes about 200 high resolution, two and three dimensional m CT images of the exterior and interiors of all bones and joints. In addition, the spatial relationship of bones within complex skeletal units is also described. The images are accompanied by detailed explanatory text, thus highlighting special features and newly reported structures. The Atlas fulfils an emerging need for a comprehensive reference to assist both trained and in-training researchers.

The Understanding the Stomach chart presents an overview of a major component of the digestive system. The internal structure of the stomach and stomach lining are covered, as well as common disorders. Heavy cover stock with protective varnish for durability.

The year 1818 saw the publication of one of the most influential science-fiction stories of all time. Frankenstein: Or, Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley had a huge impact on gothic horror and science-fiction genres, and her creation has become part of our everyday culture, from cartoons to Hallowe'en costumes. Even the name 'Frankenstein' has become a by-word for evil scientists and dangerous experiments. How did a teenager with no formal education come up with the idea for an extraordinary novel such as Frankenstein?

Clues are dotted throughout Georgian science and popular culture. The years before the book's publication saw huge advances in our understanding of the natural sciences, in areas such as electricity and physiology, for example. Sensational science demonstrations caught the imagination of the general public, while the newspapers were full of lurid tales of murderers and resurrectionists.

Making the Monster explores the scientific background behind Mary Shelley's book. Is there any science fact behind the science fiction? And how might a real-life Victor Frankenstein have gone about creating his monster? From tales of volcanic eruptions, artificial life and chemical revolutions, to experimental surgery, 'monsters' and electrical experiments on human cadavers, Kathryn Harkup examines the science and scientists that influenced Shelley, and inspired her most famous creation.

This image-rich book explores the practice as well as the theory of visual representation and presents us with the importance of designing appropriate images for communication to specific target audiences. This includes the appropriate choice of high-tech digital or low-tech analogue technologies in image-making for communication within the medical education, biological research and community health contexts. We hear from medical students about the value of using clay modelling in their understanding of anatomy, from educators and curriculum designers about visual affordances in medical education and from a community-driven project in South Africa about their innovative use of locally designed images and culture-specific narratives for communicating important health information to marginalised communities. A chapter explores the evolution of scientific visualisation and representation of big data to a variety of audiences, and another presents the innovative 3D construction of internal cellular structures from microscopic 2D slices. As we embrace blended learning in anatomy education, a timely chapter prompts us to think further about and contribute to the ongoing discourse around important ethical considerations in the use and sharing of digital images of body donors. This book will appeal to educators, medical illustrators, curriculum designers, post-graduate students, community health practitioners and biomedical researchers.

Details on a Major New Discovery included in a New Afterword
Why do we look the way we do? Neil Shubin, the paleontologist and professor of anatomy who co-discovered "Tiktaalik," the "fish with hands," tells the story of our bodies as you've never heard it before. By examining fossils and DNA, he shows us that our hands actually resemble fish fins, our heads are organized like long-extinct jawless fish, and major parts of our genomes look and function like those of worms and bacteria." "Your Inner Fish makes us look at ourselves and our world in an illuminating new light. This is science writing at its finest--enlightening, accessible and told with irresistible enthusiasm.

Anatomy questions are asked in all parts of the FRCA examinations, and for many trainees it is a particularly daunting part of the exams. This important new book provides a comprehensive, exam-orientated clinical anatomy book for anaesthetists preparing for all parts of the FRCA. It covers all body regions, relating underlying anatomy to practical procedures and anatomical principles, spanning the breadth of the curriculum and comprising exam-style questions: a chapter of SAQ questions, one of OSCE stations, one of SOE questions and one of MCQs. The text is highly illustrated in full colour with ultrasound images, diagrams and photographs of cadaveric material and models. This is the first anatomy book specifically orientated for the FRCA exam, making it an essential resource for anaesthetists preparing for all parts of the FRCA examination.

Abrahams' and McMinn's Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, 8th Edition delivers the straightforward visual guidance you need to perform confidently in all examinations and understand spatial relationships required during your medical training, while also acquiring the practical anatomical knowledge needed for your future clinical career. Respected authority Prof. Peter Abrahams and his team of leading international anatomists and radiologists link a vast collection of clinical images to help you master all the essential correlations between the basic science of anatomy and its clinical practice. See what to look for and how to proceed thanks to an unsurpassed collection of labelled dissection photographs, supported by clear, explanatory diagrams and modern imaging Correlate anatomy to clinical practice with a wealth of MR, CT, DSA, radiographic, endoscopic, and operative images that demonstrate how structures are viewed today in the clinical setting Thoroughly revised and updated throughout, including: brand new dissections, to further improve clarity and consistency throughout the book in every region all new colour overlays added to selected dissections making it even easier to identify key nerves, arteries, veins and especially lymphatics fully revised neuroanatomy content reflects the latest understanding of functional neuroanatomy as seen with modern 3D and functional imaging updated and coloured and a unique lymphatics section Includes access to the complete, enhanced eBook - unlocking a huge, carefully-selected collection of BONUS CLINICAL material, integrated throughout on almost every page to enhance your study and help make those essential clinical / anatomical connections. This sets Abrahams' and McMinn's apart from any other atlases of human anatomy! 200+ 3D scans,- allowing you to view the body in a more dynamic way to aid your understanding of dynamic anatomy. Master the 500 clinical conditions every physician should know by reviewing the associated clinical topics - featuring over 2000 additional clinical photos, radiological images, and case presentations not found in the printed book. Learn from the culmination of over 45 years international clinical experience of Prof. Abrahams and over 100 of his colleagues worldwide who have contributed to this unique collection of clinical anatomy images.