This book concisely reviews our current understanding of hypoxia, molecular targeting, DNA repair, cancer stem cells, and tumor pathophysiology, while also discussing novel strategies for putting these findings into practice in daily clinical routine. Radiotherapy is an important part of modern multimodal cancer treatment, and the past several years have witnessed not only substantial improvements in radiation techniques and the use of new beam qualities, but also major strides in our understanding of molecular tumor biology and tumor radiation response. Against this backdrop, the book highlights recent efforts to identify reasonable and clinically applicable biomarkers using broad-spectrum tissue microarrays and high-throughput systems biology approaches like genomics and epigenomics. In particular, it describes in detail how such molecular information is now being exploited for diagnostic imaging and imaging throughout treatment using the example of positron emission tomography. By discussing all these issues in the context of modern radiation oncology, the book provides a broad, up-to-date overview of the molecular aspects of radiation oncology that will hopefully foster its further optimization.

In the post human-genome project era, cancer specific genomic maps are redesigning tumor taxonomy by evolving from histopathology to molecular pathology. The success of a cancer drug today is fundamentally based on the success in identifying target genes that control beneficial pathways. The overwhelming power of genomics and proteomics has enlightened researchers about the fact that the PI3K-mTOR pathway is the most commonly up-regulated signal transduction pathway in various cancers, either by virtue of its activation downstream of many cell surface growth factor receptors or by virtue of its collateral and compensatory circuitry with RAS-MAPK pathway. Oncogenic signaling in the majority of solid tumors is sustained via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Because of its prominent role in many cancer types, the PI3K-mTOR pathway has become a major therapeutic target. The volume includes two complementary parts which address the problem of etiology and disease progression and is intended to portray the very basic mechanisms of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway's involvement in various facets of the cancer, including stem cell renewal, cell metabolism, angiogenesis, genetic instability, and drug resistance. Significant progress has been made in recent years elucidating the molecular mechanism of cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and drug-resistance in relation to the PI3K-mTOR pathway and this volume provides an in-depth overview of recent developments made in this area.

This stimulating volume addresses vital questions about gene/environment interactions as they affect cell health from the prenatal period through later life. Beginning with a tour of epigenetic processes in the human body, the book assembles current theoretical and empirical developments across the discipline, among them transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, the effects of maternal nutrition on epigenetic change, and possible links between epigenetics and childhood obesity. Public health and policy aspects of the field are discussed in depth, with the understanding that much can be done to improve our epigenetic health as a species. And in this vein, contributors consider future possibilities, such as the reprogramming of genes to reverse cancer and other diseases. Included in the coverage: The role of environmental epigenetics in perinatal and neonatal development The epigenetic biomarker H2AX: from bench science to clinical trials What's the risk? Dental amalgam, mercury exposure, and human health risks throughout the lifespan Post-traumatic stress disorder: neurological, genetic, and epigenetic bases Children's exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and drugs: long-term outcomes Ethical implications of epigenetics Epigenetics, the Environment, and Children's Health Across Lifespans brings real-world knowledge and applications of this increasingly important field to public health practitioners, maternal and child health researchers, and environmental health experts.

This beautifully illustrated volume brings to life all the excitement and challenge of the study of human anatomy and physiology in one stunning resource! Characterised by its friendly and accessible writing style, each chapter of Anatomy & Physiology, Adapted International Edition, comes with a range of helpful learning features such as Study Hints, Chapter Outlines, Language of Science and Medicine lists, Case Studies, Chapter Summaries and Review- and Critical Thinking Questions. The volume also boasts over 1400 images together with the unique underlying themes entitled the 'Big Picture' and 'Cycle of Life', which serve to emphasize the importance of the interrelationship between systems of the body and how these systems are influenced, in turn, by development and aging. Alongside this emphasis on interdependence and change, comes a focus on homeostasis, which enables the reader to see how the healthy body is one that is carefully tuned and that disease can readily occur when internal balance is disrupted. Anatomy and Physiology, Adapted International Edition, has been fully updated to make full reference European healthcare systems, including drugs, relevant investigations and local treatment protocols. The also book comes with an extensive website facility and accompanying Brief Atlas of the Human Body and Quick Guide to the Language of Science and Medicine. Anatomy & Physiology, Adapted International Edition, will be ideal for students of nursing and allied health professions, biomedical and paramedical science, operating department practice, complementary therapy and massage therapy, as well as anyone studying BTEC (or equivalent) human biology. Please refer to the individual product pages for the duration of access to these products. Unique 'Clear View of the Human Body' allows the reader to build up a view of the body layer by layer Clear, conversational writing style helps demystify the complexities of human biology Content presented in digestible 'chunks' to aid reading and retention of facts Consistent unifying themes, such as the 'Big Picture' and 'Cycle of Life' features, help readers understand the interrelation of body systems and how they are influenced by age and development Accompanying Brief Atlas of the Human Body offers more than 100 full-colour transparencies and supplemental images that cover body parts, organs, cross sections, radiography images, and histology slides Quick Guide to the Language of Science and Medicine contains medical terminology and scientific terms, along with pronunciations, definitions, and word part breakdowns for terms highlighted in the text Numerous feature boxes such as Language of Science and Language of Medicine, Mechanisms of Disease, Health Matters, Diagnostic Study, FYI, and Sport and Fitness provide interesting and important side considerations to the main text More than 1,400 full-colour photographs and spectacular drawings illustrate the most current scientific knowledge and help bring difficult concepts to life Quick Check Questions within each chapter help reinforce learning by prompting readers to review what they just read Chapter outlines, chapter objectives and study tips begin each chapter Outline summaries, review questions, critical thinking questions, and case studies are included at the end of each chapter Study Hints found throughout the text give practical advice to students about mnemonics or other helpful means of understanding or recall Connect IT! features link to additional content online to facilitate wider study Helpful Glossary and Anatomical Directions Ideal for students who are new to the subject, or returning to study after a period of absence, and for anyone whose first language is not English

This volume provides the latest research on circulating tumor cells aimed for cancer researchers, scientists, and molecular oncologists. It presents the basic concepts behind circulating tumor cells (CTCs), metastatic biology, and potential applications as to how CTCs can be used in diagnostic biomarkers. CTCs are cells that have detached from the primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. Such cells may become "seeds" for the growth of additional tumors. The field of analysis surrounding cancer metastasis has been steadily growing, and CTCs provide effective biomarkers that can be examined in peripheral blood through a minimally invasive "liquid biopsy" procedure. CTCs offer several exciting applications, not only as markers of disease progression but also as biomarkers of monitoring response to therapy and companion diagnostics for novel anticancer drug development. In recent years there has been rapid growth and worldwide developments on CTCs, which span both the basic sciences and biomedical engineering fields.

PARP Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy provides a comprehensive overview of the role of PARP in cancer therapy. The volume covers the history of the discovery of PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) and its role in DNA repair. In addition, a description of discovery of the PARP family, and other DNA maintenance-associated PARPs will also be discussed. The volume also features a section on accessible chemistry behind the development of inhibitors. PARP inhibitors are a group of pharmacological inhibitors that are a particularly good target for cancer therapy. PARP plays a pivotal role in DNA repair and may contribute to the therapeutic resistance to DNA damaging agents used to treat cancer. Researchers have learned a tremendous amount about the biology of PARP and how tumour-specific defects in DNA repair can be exploited by PARPi. The "synthetic lethality" of PARPi is an exciting concept for cancer therapy and has led to a heightened activity in this area.

Get the best results from your HIIT workouts by understanding the muscle action needed to perfect each exercise. Explore the physiology of more than 90 essential HIIT exercises, to master each movement with confidence and control. Recent scientific research shows that HIIT is the most efficient form of exercise for raising fitness levels, increasing cardio-respiratory health, and losing weight. Science of HIIT reveals the facts, with annotated artworks that show the mechanics, the angles, the key muscle and joint actions working below the surface of each exercise, safe alignment, and much more. Look no further to achieve technical excellence in your practice and develop your own programme of varied workouts, to optimize the benefits of HIIT to body and mind.

Save money on these two essential Anatomy and Physiology books by buying them together! Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing Practice, Second Edition: Brings together text, video, full-colour illustrations, interactive activities, and more, to provide you with a comprehensive introduction to understanding the healthy functioning of the human body, and help you feel confident when learning anatomy and physiology for the first time. Key Features: Use your phone or tablet to scan QR codes throughout the book and instantly watch informative animations, mini-tutorials, and other useful videos. Introduces you to all the essential anatomy and physiology information in a carefully structured way, helping you to steadily build your knowledge and successfully apply it to nursing practice. All content is based around the person-centred nursing framework and a fictional family is used throughout to demonstrate how the biology applies to real people, helping you to apply the A&P knowledge directly to real-life nursing situations. The Nurse's Anatomy and Physiology Colouring Book, Second Edition: Colouring is the perfect alternative to hours of reading, it is fun, creative and a proven learning technique. Gain a deeper understanding by putting pencils to paper and improve your ability to retain knowledge and recall it in classes, exams or out in practice. Key features: Now packed with even more: the second edition introduces new figures to colour in, new activity types, and a range of additional topics. Intuitive design using an innovative two step approach: test your knowledge by labelling the diagrams then add colour to the illustrations. Packed with information but simple and easy to follow.

From breasts and orgasms to periods, pregnancies, and menopause―A Brief History of the Female Body is a fascinating science book explaining the mysteries of the female body through an evolutionary lens.

Let's face it: The female body is an enigma. For teenagers first experiencing their periods, the monthly arrival of mood swings and cramps can be agonizing and inconvenient. With pregnancy―perhaps the most miraculous of bodily events―comes countless potential complications, including high blood pressure, diabetes, premature birth, and postpartum depression. And menopause is equally mystifying. Why do females lose their fertility over time and experience the notorious side effects―like hot flashes, weight gain, and hair loss―while males maintain their fertility forever?

Evolutionary geneticist and educator Dr. Deena Emera has spent much of her career studying the evolution of female reproduction. A Brief History of the Female Body draws on her vast expertise as a biologist, her experience as a mother of four children, and her love of teaching to look far into our evolutionary past, illuminating how and, more importantly, why the female form has transformed over millions of years and its effects on women's health.

This image-rich book explores the practice as well as the theory of visual representation and presents us with the importance of designing appropriate images for communication to specific target audiences. This includes the appropriate choice of high-tech digital or low-tech analogue technologies in image-making for communication within the medical education, biological research and community health contexts. We hear from medical students about the value of using clay modelling in their understanding of anatomy, from educators and curriculum designers about visual affordances in medical education and from a community-driven project in South Africa about their innovative use of locally designed images and culture-specific narratives for communicating important health information to marginalised communities. A chapter explores the evolution of scientific visualisation and representation of big data to a variety of audiences, and another presents the innovative 3D construction of internal cellular structures from microscopic 2D slices. As we embrace blended learning in anatomy education, a timely chapter prompts us to think further about and contribute to the ongoing discourse around important ethical considerations in the use and sharing of digital images of body donors. This book will appeal to educators, medical illustrators, curriculum designers, post-graduate students, community health practitioners and biomedical researchers.

This chart shows normal hand and wrist anatomy, including bones, ligaments, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. It illustrates and describes common acute fractures, such as Colles', Barton's, Smith's, and radial fractures. It also shows and defines injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various finger maladies such as trigger finger, ganglion cyst, Dequarvien's tendonitis, and bursitis. Illustrations show movement of the wrist and fingers: flexion, extension, hyperextension, supination, pronation, and thumb opposition.

Clinically focused, consistently and clearly illustrated, and logically organized, Gray's Atlas of Anatomy, the companion resource to the popular Gray's Anatomy for Students, presents a vivid, visual depiction of anatomical structures. Stunning illustrations demonstrate the correlation of structures with clinical images and surface anatomy - essential for proper identification in the dissection lab and successful preparation for course exams. Build on your existing anatomy knowledge with structures presented from a superficial to deep orientation, representing a logical progression through the body. Identify the various anatomical structures of the body and better understand their relationships to each other with the visual guidance of nearly 1,000 exquisitely illustrated anatomical figures. Visualize the clinical correlation between anatomical structures and surface landmarks with surface anatomy photographs overlaid with anatomical drawings. Recognize anatomical structures as they present in practice through more than 270 clinical images - including laparoscopic, radiologic, surgical, ophthalmoscopic, otoscopic, and other clinical views - placed adjacent to anatomic artwork for side-by-side comparison. Gain a more complete understanding of the inguinal region in women through a brand-new, large-format illustration, as well as new imaging figures that reflect anatomy as viewed in the modern clinical setting. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices - as well as dissection videos and self-assessment questions and answers.

This book covers the basics of evoked spinal cord potentials (SCPs) with reference to studies in animals. Many illustrations help the reader grasp the neurophysiological and neuropharmacological background of spinal cord functions. Case studies offer insight into monitoring and diagnosing spinal cord dysfunctions and spinal cord diseases. The book is intended for students in clinical neurophysiology, neurosurgery, neurology, orthopedics and neuroanesthesia.

Bicycles have been a common device to enhance physical fitness level in gyms and training centers along with solid use in competitive sport. For that reason, biomechanics of cycling has grown as a research field with many publications addressing different perspective of the interaction between the cyclist and his bicycle. The most common end point of research on biomechanics of cycling is optimization of performance and reduction of injury risk. One goal of this book is to meet the growing need for a comprehensive presentation of contemporary knowledge on biomechanics of cycling which will positively influence the activity of cycling in a global fashion. In order to accomplish this purpose, ten chapters are presented with focus on varying methods for biomechanical analysis of cycling motion. The introduction section provides an overview of the main methods for assessment of cycling motion, including motion analysis, pedal force measurements, muscle activation, anthropometry and joint kinetics. These methods are discussed in depth in individual chapters followed by chapters on characteristics of bicycles and potential perspectives to improve their configuration in order to improve performance of cyclists and reduce their overuse injury risk. Moreover, a preliminary method to train technique in cyclists is shown. A final chapter provides authors perspective on the upcoming technology that should be effective in helping training of cyclists.   

The phylontogenic theory proposes an original understanding of nose, sinus and midface formation and development by looking back in evolution for the first traces of the olfactory organ and then tracing its successive phyletic transformations to become part of the respiratory apparatus and finally the central point of human facial anatomy. Von Baer's, Darwin's, Haeckel's, Garstang's, Gould's and Buss' explorations of parallels between phylogeny and ontogeny help to trace the nose and midface story. The paradigm of existing parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny proves useful both in seeking to understand the holoprosencephalic spectrum of facial malformations (which represent radically different pathways of facial development after the life's tape has been started to run again) and in formulating hypotheses on chordate to vertebrate evolution. The phylontogenic theory leads to new medical hypotheses on nose and sinus diseases and opens the field of evolution and development-based medicine.

Survey.- Cavum Nasi and Fossa Pterygopalatina.- Sinus Sphenoidalis and Fossa Pterygopalatina.- Tuba Auditiva (Eustachii).- Pyramis (Petrous Bone, Pars Petrosa Plus Pars Tympanica).- Clivus Area and Pars Condylaris.- Special Surgical Aspects Examples.

A new era for liver anatomy has dawned. With the development of multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) in the 1990s, precise volume-rendered 3-D images could be constructed, leading to new observations. Liver anatomy has since been reevaluated from the standpoint of portal segmentation and drainage veins and includes a reclassification of the liver. Better surgical results and fewer complications have supported the rationale for the new liver anatomy. Based on the work and spirit of Team Chiba from Chiba University, this publication is a testament to the collaboration, perseverance, and innovation in the field of liver anatomy. With high regard for the early pioneers in this field, Team Chiba can be credited with pioneering its own antiviral treatment, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, radiation therapy, and US-guided hepatic resections. It is the team's hope that the new liver anatomy will find acceptance worldwide and will contribute to the advancement of the health and welfare of mankind.

50 Flash Cards covering the basic systems and structures of the human body. Now available in a portable edition, this series of 50 flash cards explores the essential concepts of human anatomy. The 107x230mm flash cards are organised into 11 systems and colour coded for easy reference. The structures are beautifully illustrated in exceptional detail, with areas for self study notes on the back. Ideal for medical students on the go, or anyone who requires a lightweight compact series that can travel anywhere. Flash cards are printed on heavy card stock and UV coated for durability.