Potassium ion (K+) channels are ubiquitous components and are widely distributed on the surface of the cell membrane in various tissues. There are many types of potassium ion channels (voltage-gated K+ channels, ATP-sensitive K+ channels, Ca2+-activated K+ channels, etc.), and each type of potassium ion channel has its own characteristic features concerning electrophysiology and molecular biology in each potassium ion channel. The potassium ion current across the plasma membrane is considered to have two main physiological functions, one for determining the membrane potential and the other regulating the electrical activity. Membrane hyperpolarization would reduce the excitability of the membrane by shifting the membrane potential away from the threshold for excitation and would inhibit, where it existed, calcium ion (Ca2+) influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by closing the Ca2+ channel. Outward potassium ion currents activated upon depolarization would counteract the depolarizing action of inward currents carried either by sodium ion (Na+) or Ca2+. Therefore, potassium ion channels show the physiological effects in each tissue via membrane potential mediated Ca2+ dynamics (for example, excitation-contraction coupling in muscle). Potassium ion channel activity is also essentially regulated by the intracellular signal transduction pathways, such as receptors (G proteins) second messenger molecules processes in the physiological condition. On the other hand, the modification of potassium ion channel activity would be expected to have a significant effect on the excitability of various cells. Therefore, augmentation of outward potassium ion currents may be useful to treat various diseases (asthma, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, arrhythmias, heart failure, epilepsy, etc.). Furthermore, potassium ion channels may be a target protein for the research and development of a therapeutic agent for various diseases concerning the lungs, heart, nerves, eyes, and pancreas. However, there are few books described in detail about potassium ion channels. This book will focus on the characteristics, function and regulation of several types of potassium ion channels, focusing on the role of these channels not only in terms of physical responses, but also in the aforementioned diseases.

This superb color atlas sets a new standard in neuroanatomy by presenting around 300 detailed thin-sectioned images of the human head, including the brain, with 0.1-mm intervals and a pixel size of 0.1 mm x 0.1 mm. A new reference system employed for this purpose is clearly explained, and structures are fully annotated in the horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes. Recent advances in 7T MRI and 7T TDI have considerably enhanced imaging of the human brain, thereby impacting on both neuroscience research and clinical practice. Moreover, the information gained from initiatives involving photography of thin slices of human cadavers, such as the Visible Human Projects, Visible Korean and Chinese Visible Human, has enriched knowledge of neuroanatomy and thereby facilitated the interpretation of such ultra-high-field resolution images. The exquisite images contained within this atlas will be invaluable in providing both researchers and clinicians with important new insights.

This book will motivate and engage health professionals to learn the essentials of anatomy and physiology through its visual approach and special pedagogy. The condensed content covers the basics without extensive detail. Core concepts are presented visually to enable them to gain a better understanding of the material. Process diagrams are integrated throughout the chapters to guide health professionals through the material.

Der "Lanz/Wachsmuth" ist ein Begriff - als opulent ausgestattete Darstellung der menschlichen Anatomie, als Brucke zwischen anatomischem Wissen und klinischem Handeln, als unerschopfliche Informationsquelle zu den subtilsten Details.

Mit der unveranderten Sonderausgabe, die 7 Bande aus den Jahren 1955 bis 1993 umfasst, wird der "Lanz/Wachsmuth" wieder einem breiten Interessentenkreis zuganglich gemacht.

Durch die Qualitat der Abbildungen, den Detailreichtum der Beschreibungen, den konsequenten klinischen Bezug, das ausfuhrliche Eingehen auf Verlaufsvarianten von Gefassen und Nerven und auf Normvarianten bleibt der "Lanz/Wachsmuth" auch im 21. Jahrhundert ein zeitlos aktuelles Werk."

Der "Lanz/Wachsmuth" ist ein Begriff - als opulent ausgestattete Darstellung der menschlichen Anatomie, als Brucke zwischen anatomischem Wissen und klinischem Handeln, als unerschopfliche Informationsquelle zu den subtilsten Details.

Mit der unveranderten Sonderausgabe, die 7 Bande aus den Jahren 1955 bis 1993 umfasst, wird der "Lanz/Wachsmuth" wieder einem breiten Interessentenkreis zuganglich gemacht.

Durch die Qualitat der Abbildungen, den Detailreichtum der Beschreibungen, den konsequenten klinischen Bezug, das ausfuhrliche Eingehen auf Verlaufsvarianten von Gefassen und Nerven und auf Normvarianten bleibt der "Lanz/Wachsmuth" auch im 21. Jahrhundert ein zeitlos aktuelles Werk."

Der "Lanz/Wachsmuth" ist ein Begriff - als opulent ausgestattete Darstellung der menschlichen Anatomie, als Brucke zwischen anatomischem Wissen und klinischem Handeln, als unerschopfliche Informationsquelle zu den subtilsten Details.

Mit der unveranderten Sonderausgabe, die 7 Bande aus den Jahren 1955 bis 1993 umfasst, wird der "Lanz/Wachsmuth" wieder einem breiten Interessentenkreis zuganglich gemacht.

Durch die Qualitat der Abbildungen, den Detailreichtum der Beschreibungen, den konsequenten klinischen Bezug, das ausfuhrliche Eingehen auf Verlaufsvarianten von Gefassen und Nerven und auf Normvarianten bleibt der "Lanz/Wachsmuth" auch im 21. Jahrhundert ein zeitlos aktuelles Werk."

A major component of many modern human anatomy programs is commemorating people who have donated their body for education and research. In addition, some institutions have also organized memorial places to honor the body donors. This book is an edited volume which explores the phenomena of commemorations and memorials in anatomy. It includes both descriptive papers focusing on the content of the ceremonies and theoretical papers contextualizing and examining these within the broader ethical, scientific, medical and educational frameworks. Building up on the idea of a community of practice, the main objective of the volume is to enhance the exchange of ideas and sharing of experiences. The concepts of 'commemoration' and 'memorial' in anatomy programs are presented as emerging. They are seen as phenomena that will continue to evolve and ramify within different cultural and educational contexts, and this volume is expected to facilitate these processes. Indeed, meager literature on the topic indicates potentially enormous practical value in sharing and combining practices from different cultural and teaching/research traditions.

This detailed volume focuses on population epigenetics, which is of increasing interest to policy makers searching for explanations for complex epidemiological observations and conceptual models on which to base interventions. With a concentration on DNA methylation, the emphasis is on the most commonly studied epigenetic phenomenon that is most amenable to further study. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Population Epigenetics: Methods and Protocols aims to aid population researchers in exploiting the latest insights into epigenetics to improve our understanding of the factors that influence human health and longevity.

Cyclic AMP was a major molecule of interest, which played an important role as second messenger, contributing to signal transduction in the regulation of cellular function by peptide hormones. Afterwards, calmodulin and protein kinase C were discovered as modulator proteins of intracellular calcium signaling in hormonal action. After that, manifold proteins and their related molecules were demonstrated to participate in novel signaling pathways related to various cytokines in different types of cells. The author of this book discovered a novel protein known as regucalcin, which suppresses manifold signaling pathways related to transcription activity. After subsequent studies, regucalcin has been established to play a pivotal role in maintaining cell homeostasis and protecting it from disorders in various types of cells and tissues. This book will provide information regarding regucalcin that plays a pivotal role in cell homeostasis and disorder. This book is composed of eighteen chapters. These chapters include the following content: the discovery of regucalcin (Chapter One); chemical property and structure of regucalcin (Chapter Two); the regucalcin gene and its translational regulation (Chapter Three); the role of regucalcin in intracellular calcium homeostasis (Chapter Four); the role of regucalcin in cell nuclear function (Chapter Five); the role of regucalcin in protein synthesis and proteolysis (Chapter Six); the suppressive role of regucalcin in cell proliferation (Chapter Seven); how regucalcin protects apoptotic cell death (Chapter Eight); the protective role of regucalcin in oxidative stress (Chapter Nine); the involvement of regucalcin in liver metabolic disorder (Chapter Ten); the role of regucalcin in kidney cell homeostasis: involvement in renal failure (Chapter Eleven); the role of regucalcin in heart calcium signaling: insight into cardiac disorder (Chapter Twelve); the role of regucalcin in brain calcium homeostasis: disorder with aging (Chapter Thirteen); the role of regucalcin in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis (Chapter Fourteen); the role of regucalcin in lipid metabolism and diabetes (Chapter Fifteen); the role of regucalcin as a suppressor protein in carcinogenesis (Chapter Sixteen); the clinical aspects of regucalcin as a biomarker for disease (Chapter Seventeen); and conclusive remarks (Chapter Eighteen). This book will provide information regarding regucalcin and its pivotal role in cell homeostasis and disorder.