This beautiful trigger point educational tool includes two charts: Trigger Points: Torso and Trigger Points: Extremities . Each chart illustrates and labels the muscles affected by trigger points, and shows trigger point locations with primary and secondary pain sensitive zones. Each chart includes a legend that explains how to identify particular trigger points and their pain zones. This edition has updated images and improved content organization to maximize visual impact. The torso chart shows trigger points of the upper torso and shoulder, posterior deep and anterior-posterior pain referral guide. The extremities chart shows upper extremity, lower extremity, and head and neck trigger points. Made in USA Available in the following versions: 20" x 26" heavy weight paper laminated with grommets at top corners / set of 2 charts ISBN 9780781773072 20" x 26" heavy weight paper / set of 2 charts ISBN 9780781773065

Just because A&P is complicated, doesn't mean learning it has to be. Anthony's Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology, 21st Edition uses reader-friendly writing, visually engaging content, and a wide range of teaching and learning support to ensure classroom success. Focusing on the unifying themes of structure and function and homeostasis, author Kevin Patton uses a very conversational and easy-to-follow narrative to guide you through difficult A&P material. The new edition of this two-semester text has been updated to ensure you have a better understanding of how the entire body works together. In addition, you can connect with the textbook through a number of free electronic resources, including , an electronic coloring book, 3D animations, and more! Conversational writing style at a 11.7 reading level (the lowest available for 2-semester A&P books) makes text engaging and easy to understand. Updated Genetics chapter includes important advancements in that field. Updated content on osmosis revised to make it more simple and accurate. More than 1,400 full-color photographs and drawings illustrate the most current scientific knowledge and bring difficult concepts to life. Includes a unique color key to show color scheme that is used consistently throughout the book (for example, bones are off white, enzymes are lime green, nucleus is purple). UNIQUE! Consistent unifying themes, such as the Big Picture and Cycle of Life sections in each chapter, help you comprehend the interrelation of body systems and how the structure and function of these change in relation to age and development. Numerous feature boxes including: Language of Science and Language of Medicine, Mechanisms of Disease, Health Matters, Diagnostic Study, FYI, Sport and Fitness, and Career Choices provide interesting and important sidebars to the main content. Quick Check Questions reinforce learning by prompting you to review what you've just read. Chapter outlines, chapter objectives and study tips begin each chapter. NEW! Integrative Unit Closers ties together content with integrative critical thinking questions. NEW! Additional and updated Connect It! boxes (renamed from A&P Connect) provide relevant "bonus" information for you to explore. NEW! All-new animations in the text and on Evolve companion site help you understand the reasoning and knowledge behind each answer and assist with recalling correct answers.

The studies presented in this monograph concentrate on the glycoconjugate characterisation of the mouse and human GALT and on the overlying follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), in order to identify their cell-specific carbohydrate residues.

The alternation between urine retention and discharge several times daily from a nappy to the cessation ofall vital functions only becomes the subject baby's first wet of greater attention if the harmony of the structure and function of the bladder is disturbed. Functional disturbances of the lower urinary tract are not only of great socio-economic importance, but are also a considerable personal burden for the patient. Hence urinary incontinence is rightly classified as a severelydisabling illness (Hauri 1985). Opinions still differ regarding the morphological basis ofurinary continence.The Terminologia Anatomica (1998) defines a musculus sphincter urethrae internus (in- ternal urethral sphincter) and a musculus sphincter urethrae externus (external ure- thral sphincter),which in the older nomenclature were known as musculus sphincter vesicae and musculussphincterurethrae,respectively.The internal urethral sphincter isascribed apurelyinvoluntaryandthe externalurethralsphincterapurelyvoluntary innervation. The significance of the musculature of the pelvic floor for maintaining urinarycontinence has notyetbeen ascertained. Duringnumerous urologicaloperations (forinstancetransurethralresectionofthe prostate and bladder neck incisions), the only involuntarily innervated sphincter at the collum vesicae,the internalurethralsphincter,is partiallyorcompletelydestroyed (Fig. 27C,D).All the patients remain continent as long as the externalurethral sphinc- ter remains intact.Howcan apurelyvoluntarilyinnervated sphincterlikethe external urethral sphincter ensureconstant continence in such cases? Improving the continence rate after radical surgery is a key topic of urological research. The incontinence rate after radical prostatectomy is still between 8.1% (third-degree incontinence) and41.4% (first- to second-degree incontinence; Rudyet al. 1984; Igel et a1.1987; Schroderand Ouden 1992).

For courses in anatomy & physiology for health professions. An engaging journey through the human form Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: An Interactive Journey is a hands-?on, visually rich study companion guiding allied health and nursing students through human body systems and clinical applications. With a conversational tone, relatable analogies, and light humor, the authors provide an enjoyable read reinforcing lasting connections. The 4th edition presents the latest research and clinical applications in abnormal human A&P, plus new visual aids and practice opportunities. A student workbook, available separately, offers interactive exam prep resources, including concept maps and crossword puzzles. Also available with MyLab Health Professions MyLab (TM) is the teaching and learning platform that empowers you to reach every student. By combining trusted author content with digital tools and a flexible platform, MyLab personalizes the learning experience and improves results for each student. Developed for allied health students and instructors, MyLab Health Professions supports students' mastery and application of the skills they'll need for a successful career in health care. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyLab does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyLab, ask your instructor to confirm the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyLab, search for: 0135188865 / 9780135188866 Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: An Interactive Journey Plus MyLab Health Professions with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package, 4/e Package consists of: 0134876814 / 9780134876818 Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: An Interactive Journey, 4/e 0134880226 / 9780134880228 MyLab Health Professions with Pearson eText -- Access Card -- for Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions, 4/e

Preparatory work for this monograph started in 1988 and 1989. The motive was provided by certain incongruities in the illustra- tion of descensus testis for the chapter "Entwicklung der Genital- organe" in the book Humanembryologie. The evoked discussion was reason enough for our own re- search on the phenomenon and uncertainties of testicular des- cent in human. The basis ofthese investigations was the collection of human embryos founded by Prof. Hinrichsen in 1970 at the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ruhr-University Bo- chum. The preparation of the material used in this paper has been done with the help of many staff members of our department to whom we feel obliged. We are especially indebted to Prof. Hin- richsen who prepared the foetuses and took the first steps of this project. We wish also to acknowledge Dr. Heinz Jiirgen Jacob for careful fixation and microdissection of specimens intended for scanning electron microscopy. Weare also grateful to Mrs. Vera Mannheim for her involvement and her sensitivity in making scanning electron micrographs, and Mrs. Antje Jaeger for provid- ing an expert and skilful photographic technique especially in the setting up of micrographs. Our thanks are also due to Mrs. Marion Kohn for skilful technical assistance and to all those technical assistants who worked in our department during the past 25 years and who were engaged in providing the serial sec- tions. The English text has been thoroughly revised by Prof. Dr.

The objective of the present work is to review the existing literature on joint incongruity, cellular mechano-transduction, and computer simulations of mechano-adaptive bone remodelling, and to quantitatively assess the effect of incongruity on load transmission and subchondral mineralisation. Idealised computer models of incongruous joints and a specific anatomically based model of the humero-ulnar joint articulation were analysed with the finite element method, and the results directly compared with experimental and morphological data.

What is the function of the mammillary body? Which information is passed through the cuneate fasciculus or the internal arcuate fibers? Which hormones are produced by the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus? Which nerves and vessels run through the jugular foramen? Which parts of the body are innervated by the accessory nerve? Which cortical regions are affected by a dysfunction of the central sulcus artery?These are frequently asked questions to which a short and precise answer is seldom found in textbooks or other scientific works. These questions - and more - are now answered in the long-awaited Dictionary of Human Neuroanatomy. It will be a useful companion for everyone looking for precise and functional definitions of terms in the field of neuroanatomy, and is absolutely essential for those studying neuroanatomy, and for quick reference.

5 Function of Splenic Compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5. 1 Splenic White Pulp Compartments during Primary T Cell-Dependent Antibody Responses against Protein Antigens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5. 1. 1 Priming of CD4+ Helper T Cells by Dendritic Cells in the PALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5. 1. 1. 1 5. 1. 2 Interaction of Primed CD4+ T Cells with Antigen-Specific B Cells in the PALS and Formation of Extrafollicular Foci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5. 1. 2. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5. 1. 3 Formation of Germinal Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5. 1. 3. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5. 1. 4 Localisation of Memory B Cells in the Marginal Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5. 1. 4. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 5. 2 Function of the Marginal Zone during Primary Antibody Responses against T Cell-Independent Type 2 Antigens . . . . . . . . 57 5. 2. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Function of the Red Pulp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5. 3 5. 3. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 5. 4 Role of the Spleen in CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cell Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 5. 4. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 The Spleen, Natural Killer Cells 5. 5 and Gamma/Delta T Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5. 5. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 6 Recirculation of Lymphocytes Through the Spleen . . 65 6. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 7 The Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in the Development of Splenic Compartments . . . . . . 69 7. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 8 Unsolved Problems of Human Splenic Structure and Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 VI 8. 1 Arterial Blood Supply to the Splenic Follicles and to the Perifollicular Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 . . . . 8. 1. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 8.

This highly regarded text is one of the most comprehensive reference works available on the topographical, functional and radiographic anatomy of the lumbosacral spine. Fully updated in this sixth edition, Clinical and Radiological Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine walks the reader through the structure, function and common disorders of the lumbar spine. It covers the basic anatomy of lumbar components, how the spine changes with age, clinical problems, and imaging. Internationally renowned author Nikolai Bogduk's thorough referencing and clear text bridge the gap between science and clinical presentation to provide practical, validated and clinically relevant information that will be invaluable for students and clinicians alike. Clearly written and accessible - brings the science to life Thoroughly and comprehensively referenced - can be used as a starting point for research High quality illustrations to support understanding Highly relevant to undergraduate and postgraduate courses in physiotherapy, pain medicine, chiropractic, and rehabilitation medicine New understanding of the causes and pathology of back pain Additional references reflect current literature New, colour illustrations of nerves Expanded radiographic anatomy chapter

Providing the ocular anatomy and physiology content needed for a thorough comprehension of this complex field, Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual System, 4th Edition, offers a solid foundation for recognizing and understanding specific clinical situations and how they relate to anatomic structure. This concise, well-referenced resource covers the clinical anatomy of the eye, its adnexa and visual pathways, and histologic information-the information you need for success in coursework, certification exams, and clinical practice. Features vivid, full-color illustrations that help you visualize the clinical anatomy of the eye along with the cellular physiology behind diseases and disorders of the visual system. Emphasizes clinical application throughout, helping you better understand the processes that occur in disease and dysfunction. Clinical Comment sections offer a unique focus on clinical situations, conditions, diseases, and treatments. Contains new OCT, OCTA, MRI, and CT images that demonstrate clinical views of ocular anatomy. OCT technology is incorporated to describe the retinal layers, newly described anatomical components of the vitreous, corneal and anterior chamber angle anatomy, and the choroidal and retinal vasculature. Covers current topics such as genes essential in eye development, scleral and choroidal changes occurring with myopia progression, limbal stem cells, age-related macular degeneration and VEGF therapies, and microinvasive glaucoma surgical procedures. Includes updated concepts and terminology: Edinger Westfall preganglionic cells, sensory innervation to the cornea, knees of Wilbrand, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, and more. Provides expert coverage by a practicing optometrist, giving you a practical framework for recognizing and understanding clinical situations, problems, and treatments. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

}This eloquent book takes us on a spell-binding journey into the workings of our bodies in health and disease. Dr. Charles A. Pasternak captivates us with his vivid and even poetic explanations of what keeps us healthy and vital, and what tears away at our health. He possesses the gift for rendering complex topics clear and lyrical, as in the ways our molecules interact with one another to decide the fate of our heart, brain, and lungs---whether we live or die.Why does disease rear its ugly head? Why does cancer take hold in some of us and pass by others? What roles do nutrition and stress play in determining our chances for a long, fulfilling life? Can we hold our eventual demise at bay by trying novel drugs and therapies? Dr. Pasternak also explores to what extent the illnesses we sufferand even our level of intelligenceare dependent on the genes we inherit from our parents, or the food we eat, or even the environment we inhabit. The story of our bodies is a true saga that has never before been so engrossingly told. }

Since the 1980s, ankle arthroplasty has been considered a dubious treatment for painful and degenerated joints. Many of the concerns that existed previously have been solved today. Prosthetic replacement of other joints also took a long time before reaching their present successful status. This is the first book to deal with ankle arthroplasty. International experts have given their opinion on (i) the kinematics of the ankle; (ii) the basics of replacing the ankle joint; and (iii) the current status of several modern ankle-prosthesis designs. A better understanding of the ankle kinematics, alignment techniques and biological stabilisation and the results of newer designs have changed the former attitude worldwide. The content of this book bears evidence for this change in opinion.

Over 400 short videos highlight the steps in a full-body human dissection in the gross anatomy lab. Each step is narrated and key structures labeled. Text of the audio is included for each video so that the narration can be appreciated without audio as well. In addition, key structures are defined and linked to a library of illustrations from the Atlas of Human Anatomy by world-renowned physician-artist Frank H. Netter, MD. The illustrations can be viewed in Test-Yourself mode to quiz your knowledge of structure names. This Retail Access Card contains a pincode that can be used to access the enhanced eBook on www.StudentConsult.com The eBook is viewable on desktop, laptop, and on phones and devices (via the Inkling app).

Investigations on anatomical specimens have demonstrated that the subchondral mineralization does indeed show regular distribution patterns from which conclusions about the mechanical situation within an individual joint may be drawn. Since radiographical densitometry and histological methods are only available for determining the adaptive reaction of the bone to the mechanical situation in a joint after death, the information obtained applies only to an end situation and tells us nothing about the development of the changes with time. Furthermore, investigations carried out on human specimens by radiographical densitometry mostly apply to samples of a particular age, since such specimens can be acquired only from departments of pathology, forensic medicine or anatomy.

This chart shows anterior view of normal knee anatomy (patella removed), as well as oblique and posterior views. It illustrates traumatic knee injuries, meniscus, types of meniscus tears, and symptoms of damaged menisci. Various sports-related ligament injuries are also shown. "Three dimensions let you feel texture and form. Three-dimensional images, bold titles, and clear, easy-to-read labels make it easy and fun to learn about the body. The durable, lightweight, non-toxic, recyclable plastic will last indefinitely. The chart has a hole at the top for easy wall hanging, and will also stand up on an easel.

Glomerular flltration represents one of the basic mechanisms in the function of an organism. Our understanding of this process is still quite fragmentary. Regulation of blood flow and pressure, together with regulation of the ultraflltration coefficient (which is an attribute of the flltration barrier), are the two fundamental mechanisms accounting for maintenance and adaptability of glomerular flltration. Regulation of glomerular blood flow is generally considered to result from an interplay between afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles, and much progress has been made recently in understanding this interplay (Navar et al. 1996). The present study provides a detailed structural description of the glomerular vascular pole of rat. The results of this study appear to be relevant for several open questions of glomerular function. First, the interaction between afferent and efferent arterioles in regulating glomerular blood is generally understood to occur between the preglomerular and the postglomerular portions of these vessels. As shown in the present study, the structural elaborations of these arterioles and the spatial relationships between them within the glomerular hilum strongly suggest an interplay also at this site. Moreover, the current understanding of glomerular blood flow regulation by tuning the interplay between afferent and efferent arterioles is exclusively based on signals whose regulatory loops are established in follow-up events outside the glomerulus (tubuloglomerular balance, tubuloglomerular feedback).

For courses in Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professions. Understanding The Human Form Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals: An Interactive Journey is a hands-on study companion that guides nursing and allied health students through the systems of the human body. The volume employs a conversational tone and light humor to stimulate learning, rather than a mass memorization of facts. The enhanced Third Edition is a visually appealing guide to the human body attractive to today's students of all learning styles. The Study Success Companion, found in the back of the volume, is a support cushion of study skills and stress management tips to guide students through this interactive learning process. Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals provides gripping insight into the fascinating systems of the human body, enforcing the long-term retention students need to thrive as health professionals. Also Available with MyHealthProfessionsLab (TM) This title is also available with MyHealthProfessionsLab-an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them better absorb course material and understand difficult concepts. NOTE: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyHealthProfessionsLab does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyHealthProfessionsLab search for ISBN-10: 0134162285/ISBN-13: 9780134162287. That package includes ISBN-10: 0133851117/ISBN-13: 9780133851113 and ISBN-10: 0133857646 /ISBN-13: 9780133857641. MyHealthProfessionsLab should only be purchased when required by an instructor.

In the last few years, considerable attention has been paid to the presence of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGF-BPs) in the brain and peripheral neuronal tissue. IGFs are synthesized within the CNS, are bound to specific IGF-BPs and act on specific receptors. They represent a new class of growth factors and messengers in the brain and the periphery. Written by a group of outstanding experts in the field, the book provides an invaluable forum where important aspects of the production, regulation, biological actions, pathophysiological involvement, therapeutic applications for IGFs in many neurologic and neuromuscular disorders are addressed and critically evaluated.

1. 1 Scientific Aims In recent years, there has been a definite trend away from the casuistic scientific thinking which has dominated the scientific world, at least in the field of medicobi ological research. Now, in the last decade of this century, scientists are returning to a conceptual way of thinking that characterized the beginning of this century, namely organismal thinking. The holistic concept is not a new one; it was rekindled by a small group of scientists who, in the previous two decades, have begun to warn against too great an emphasis being placed on a molecular casuistic approach as the final pursuit to science (see Duncker 1983). These thinkers were perhaps instrumental in helping to turn the tide, to instruct and encourage fellow researchers to extend their findings from the molecular and to the organismal (see Duncker 1983, 1992a, b; Duncker and Kreite 1987). Having observed the ceca of many different animals for many years and having described their morphology at different levels of study -from the macroscopic to the electron microscopy level - the need to compare and observe these morphological entities in a quantitiative way became increasingly imminent. Quantitative methodol ogy in morphology requires the use of morphometry, which in the most general terms can be described as the measurement of the forms of animals. As defined by Reith and Meyhew (1988), it is quantitative morphology, i. e., the measurement of structures by any method, including stereology."

This book provides a highly accessible introduction to anatomy and physiology. Written for students studying the subject for the first time, it covers the human body from the atomic and cellular levels through to all the major systems and includes chapters on blood, immunity and homeostasis. Logically presented, the chapters build on each other and are designed to develop the reader's knowledge and understanding of the human body. By the end of each chapter, the reader will understand and be able to explain how the structures and systems described are organised and contribute to the maintenance of health. Describing how illness and disease undermine the body's ability to maintain homeostasis, this text helps readers to predict and account for the consequences when this occurs. Complete with self-test questions, full colour illustrations and a comprehensive glossary, this book is an essential read for all nursing and healthcare students in both further and higher education.

This book provides a highly accessible introduction to anatomy and physiology. Written for students studying the subject for the first time, it covers the human body from the atomic and cellular levels through to all the major systems and includes chapters on blood, immunity and homeostasis. Logically presented, the chapters build on each other and are designed to develop the reader's knowledge and understanding of the human body. By the end of each chapter, the reader will understand and be able to explain how the structures and systems described are organised and contribute to the maintenance of health. Describing how illness and disease undermine the body's ability to maintain homeostasis, this text helps readers to predict and account for the consequences when this occurs. Complete with self-test questions, full colour illustrations and a comprehensive glossary, this book is an essential read for all nursing and healthcare students in both further and higher education.

300 full-color cards on 14 human-body systems, with images on one side and label text on the other so that students can test themselves easily. There is nothing else that compares in quality, # of cards and price

Seeking Symmetry: Finding patterns in human health offers a guide through the overwhelming mass of data generated by contemporary science. Starved for the knowledge that would best help us stay healthy, we are simultaneously glutted with an overload of information about the human body. Amidst ubiquitous talk that patient-centred care and lifestyle changes are the keys to personal health, self-neglect and medical overtreatment nevertheless prevail. The body is rich with symmetries, many of them unknown to us who live in these bodies. Symmetry-seeking reveals certain patterns for understanding the information we have about the body, patterns whose roots lie in embryonic development and in evolution. The book's exploration will guide readers through the parts of their own bodies and introduce tangible, visible examples of symmetry, not only right and left but up and down, male and female, inside and out, as well as symmetries between humans and other species.It presents the symmetries of the body's internal structures that, despite their complexity, are nevertheless simple to understand when viewed with an eye for pattern.Through both words and images, this book will illustrate the most foundational of the principles, structures, and processes that decide how bodies function.A core purpose of the book is to present this knowledge through a lens that makes the information meaningful, by modelling the habit of symmetry-seeking.

The knowledge of the mammalian central nervous pared by Ms. Anne Dunn. I am truly grateful for system has increased dramatically during the last their contributions. decade, which has provided a major impetus for A caveat is in order for the first 5 figures in preparing the second edition of The Human Brain Chapter 10, which represent cross-sections through and Spinal Cord. For the medical profession this has different levels of the brainstem. Considering the been a revolutionary time, since modem imaging rapidly expanding reliance on in vivo imaging by the methods have provided unparalleled opportunities clinicians, figures 10-1 to 10-5 are presented with for anatomical and functional studies of the human the posterior parts of the brainstem facing down body in vivo. It is now essential for the clinician to wards, since this is the way the brainstem images have an intimate knowledge of anatomy including appear in axial MRls routinely used by neuro the functional-anatomical systems in the brain radiologists (see Chapter 5). This somewhat un and spinal cord. The new edition of this textbook conventional approach, suggested by Dr. Duane reflects this progress in the sense that almost all of Haines, is directly relevant for the transfer of basic the chapters have been rewritten and several new science information to clinical practice. All other figures have been included.