Aimed at both beginners and experienced researchers unfamiliar with the technique, this book provides a concise and easy-to-understand guide to using immunohistochemistry. It identifies the proper place and purpose of each component of immunohistochemistry, emphasizes the components that are of critical importance, and explains the logistics of experimental approaches. Understanding the principles of immunohistochemistry allows for the identification and localization of protein targets and is of crucial use in the following experiments: * producing transgenic animals * studying the effects of drug treatments * electrophysiological studies * animal surgery * isolating and differentiating stem cells * super-resolution microscopy Immunohistochemistry for the Non-Expert is aimed at a wide audience, including molecular biologists, pharmacologists, immunologists, chemists, cell biologists, physiologists, and researchers involved with animal anatomy studies.

This volume brings together recent developments in quasispecies theory extended to variable environments and practical applications in elucidating viral dynamics and treatment designs. In particular, the existence of an error threshold in rugged fitness landscapes has opened the way to a new antiviral strategy termed lethal mutagenesis, which is now under intensive theoretical, experimental and clinical investigation. As such the book explains how an understanding of quasispecies dynamics within infected organisms has increased our knowledge of viral disease events. From a clinical perspective, population dynamics highlights important problems for viral disease control, such as the selection of drug-resistant mutants that often accompanies treatment failures, and suggests means of increasing the effectiveness of antiviral treatments. The book is intended for students and scientists interested in basic and applied aspects of biophysics, chemistry, biology, evolution and medical virology.

This volume focuses on the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in contexts ranging from human cancers to cardiovascular disease and ageing. The role of lncRNAs in X-inactivation and those lncRNAs derived from pseudogenes, past retroelements integrated within the human genome, as well as the role these pseudogene-derived lncRNAs play in cancer development are discussed in detail. Further, the book examines the function of lncRNAs in diseases such as diabetes, in smooth muscle formation, and in the modulation of nuclear receptors, as well as in connection with perspectives on the development of personalized therapeutics. It offers an appealing and insightful resource for scientists and clinicians alike.

This volume expands on statistical analysis of genomic data by discussing cross-cutting groundwork material, public data repositories, common applications, and representative tools for operating on genomic data. Statistical Genomics: Methods and Protocols is divided into four sections. The first section discusses overview material and resources that can be applied across topics mentioned throughout the book. The second section covers prominent public repositories for genomic data. The third section presents several different biological applications of statistical genomics, and the fourth section highlights software tools that can be used to facilitate ad-hoc analysis and data integration. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, step-by-step, readily reproducible analysis protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Through and practical, Statistical Genomics: Methods and Protocols, explores a range of both applications and tools and is ideal for anyone interested in the statistical analysis of genomic data.

Advances in the development and application of electron microscopic techniques have occurred recently such that the electron microscope has evolved to become an essential tool in both basic and clinical research. Use of this instrument has contributed significantly to the formation of new perspectives and concepts concerning cell fine structure. These structural perspectives are now being integrated with specific functional, biochemical and pathophysiological events and processes of cells and tissues. Most recently, utilization of innovative electron microscopic techniques such as freeze-fracture, freeze etching, and scanning and high-voltage electron microscopy offers both the basic and clinical scientist potentially fundamental insights into many morphodynamic processes related to the activities of cells and tissues. Such an approach has been especially rewarding when applied to the dynamic events of gametogenesis and early embryonic development. The chapters comprising this book have been selected and edited with the aim of providing an up-to-date and comprehensive account of the most important aspects of vertebrate gamets and embryos as revealed by the integration of several different submicroscopic methods. The organization of the chapters is designed to indicate present gaps in our knowledge of the developmental and reproductive biology of gametes and the developing embryo and possible Iines of research which may lead to a lessening of these gaps."

This stimulating volume addresses vital questions about gene/environment interactions as they affect cell health from the prenatal period through later life. Beginning with a tour of epigenetic processes in the human body, the book assembles current theoretical and empirical developments across the discipline, among them transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, the effects of maternal nutrition on epigenetic change, and possible links between epigenetics and childhood obesity. Public health and policy aspects of the field are discussed in depth, with the understanding that much can be done to improve our epigenetic health as a species. And in this vein, contributors consider future possibilities, such as the reprogramming of genes to reverse cancer and other diseases. Included in the coverage: The role of environmental epigenetics in perinatal and neonatal development The epigenetic biomarker H2AX: from bench science to clinical trials What's the risk? Dental amalgam, mercury exposure, and human health risks throughout the lifespan Post-traumatic stress disorder: neurological, genetic, and epigenetic bases Children's exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and drugs: long-term outcomes Ethical implications of epigenetics Epigenetics, the Environment, and Children's Health Across Lifespans brings real-world knowledge and applications of this increasingly important field to public health practitioners, maternal and child health researchers, and environmental health experts.

This volume provides the latest research on circulating tumor cells aimed for cancer researchers, scientists, and molecular oncologists. It presents the basic concepts behind circulating tumor cells (CTCs), metastatic biology, and potential applications as to how CTCs can be used in diagnostic biomarkers. CTCs are cells that have detached from the primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. Such cells may become "seeds" for the growth of additional tumors. The field of analysis surrounding cancer metastasis has been steadily growing, and CTCs provide effective biomarkers that can be examined in peripheral blood through a minimally invasive "liquid biopsy" procedure. CTCs offer several exciting applications, not only as markers of disease progression but also as biomarkers of monitoring response to therapy and companion diagnostics for novel anticancer drug development. In recent years there has been rapid growth and worldwide developments on CTCs, which span both the basic sciences and biomedical engineering fields.

This, the second of two volumes on personalized medicine in lung cancer, touches upon the recent progress in targeted drug development based on genomics; emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets such as EMT, cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment; current personalized clinical management and radiation therapy for lung cancers; and the promise of epigenetics and next-generation sequencing for the advancements towards personalized therapy of lung cancer patients. With chapters on state-of-the-art therapies and technologies written by leading experts working to develop novel companion diagnosis tools for the personalized treatment of lung cancer patients, this volume brings readers up-to-date by presenting the current knowledge on the efforts to make personalized management of lung cancer patients a reality.

This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.

The aim of this book is to improve pyrosequencing protocols as well as instrumentation for better clinical use by describing improvements and novel applications of pyrosequencing technology. Divided into five parts, the book's thirty chapters explore advances in pyrosequencing template preparation, pyrosequencing technology innovations, multiplex pyrosequencing based on barcodes, the miniaturization of pyrosequencing equipment, as well as various applications. As part of the Springer Protocols program, chapters contain the kind of detail and practical implementation advice to guarantee successful results in the lab. Comprehensive and thorough, Advances and Clinical Practice in Pyrosequencing serves as a valuable reference for researchers who are engaged in personalized medicine, disease control, and DNA diagnosis in numerous other fields.

This volume seeks to understand how organisms and gene functions are influenced by environmental cues while accounting for variation that takes place within and among environmental populations and communities. Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG) guides readers through methods to analyse the diversity of different organism types (archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and microfauna), interactions between fungi and trees, and methods to identify and characterize functions and functional diversity of both pro- and eukaryotes. Written for the Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG) will serve as a primary research reference for researchers and research managers in environmental microbiology working in the expanding field of molecular ecology and environmental genomics.

This book examines how post-transcriptional mechanisms control endocrine function. This includes newly identified regulatory mechanisms involved in hormone biosynthesis, control of hormone receptors and the outputs of hormone mediated signal transduction. Chapters address endocrine hormones including protein peptide/peptide, steroid, and non-steroidal hormones. The impacts of these mechanisms on disease and health are covered, providing a novel update to the scientific literature. Post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play an essential role in controlling dynamic gene expression. The outcome of this regulation includes control of the amount, timing, and location of protein expression. Regulation is mediated by cis-acting RNA sequences and structures and transacting RNA binding proteins and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs. Recent advances in characterization of these regulatory factors have revealed enormous regulatory potential.

PARP Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy provides a comprehensive overview of the role of PARP in cancer therapy. The volume covers the history of the discovery of PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) and its role in DNA repair. In addition, a description of discovery of the PARP family, and other DNA maintenance-associated PARPs will also be discussed. The volume also features a section on accessible chemistry behind the development of inhibitors. PARP inhibitors are a group of pharmacological inhibitors that are a particularly good target for cancer therapy. PARP plays a pivotal role in DNA repair and may contribute to the therapeutic resistance to DNA damaging agents used to treat cancer. Researchers have learned a tremendous amount about the biology of PARP and how tumour-specific defects in DNA repair can be exploited by PARPi. The "synthetic lethality" of PARPi is an exciting concept for cancer therapy and has led to a heightened activity in this area.

Kathrin Stauffer—a biochemist and seasoned body psychotherapist—takes a look at organ systems of the human body to illuminate the connections between body and mind, exploring the body as both the ground of our physical experience and as a metaphor for our emotional life. Beginning with a discussion of the basic building blocks of the body, cells and molecules, Stauffer works through the body system by system, showing through clinical case examples that an understanding of each system can greatly enhance the art of psychotherapy: The Central Nervous System, The Skeletal Musculature, The Respiratory System, The Skin, The Digestive System, Fluids and Connective Tissue, The Endocrine System, The Reproductive System, and The Respiratory System. Throughout, Stauffer presents human anatomy and physiology in clear, simple terms, with facts selected for interest and relevance to psychotherapists. Many links are made between physical and psychological function to give readers a taste of how body psychotherapists work in clinical practice to integrate body and mind, and thus help their clients become more whole. Anatomy & Physiology for Psychotherapists invites psychotherapists, complementary therapists, and anyone else interested in the mind/body connection to engage with the physical body to bring more depth into their therapeutic work.

This is the loose-leaf version of Kinetic Anatomy, Fourth Edition, which offers students a less expensive, printed version of the text. Kinetic Anatomy, Fourth Edition With HKPropel Access, gives students a firm concept of musculoskeletal anatomy by systematically assembling each component of the human body. Layer by layer, readers will study bones, ligaments, joints, and muscles as well as the nerves and blood vessels that supply these muscles that are essential for movement.With full-color visual aids and activities that invite readers to apply their understanding of structural anatomy to their own lives, the fourth edition is ideally suited for students studying physical activity because it explores how the structural anatomy of the human body facilitates movement. Part I of the text introduces the basics of structural anatomy. It describes how bones, joints, muscles, nerves, and other essential anatomy work together to allow for fundamental movement. Part II details the anatomy of the upper extremity region, including the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. Part III of the text explores the anatomy of the head, spinal column, thorax, and pelvis. These chapters include unique coverage not found in other anatomy texts, explaining how the brain, heart, and lungs-as the power centers of the nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems-affect movement. Part IV discusses the anatomy of the lower extremity region: the hip, thigh, knee, lower leg, ankle, and foot. Parts II, III, and IV each end with a summary table that offers a quick reference for the components of the body region featured in that part. Kinetic Anatomy, Fourth Edition, contains nearly 400 photos, illustrations, and infographics to help readers visualize structural anatomy and engage with their coursework. Throughout the book, Hands On exercises instruct readers to physically identify anatomical structures on themselves or on a partner, and Focus On sidebars illustrate circumstances in everyday activity that relate to the specific anatomical structures in the text. Pop quizzes provide readers an opportunity to strengthen their clinical reasoning skills by asking them to identify the muscles shown in the accompanying photo. The fourth edition is further enhanced with the addition of new online learning tools -all of which can be assigned, and progress tracked, by instructors directly through HKPropel: Anatomy labeling and coloring sheets offer students nearly 100 interactive activities that test their knowledge of anatomical structures and function. Learning activities; true-false, multiple-choice, and fill-in-the-blank questions; and functional movement exercises ensure students have a firm grasp of key points from each chapter. Chapter quizzes (assessments) may also be assigned; these are automatically graded to test comprehension of critical concepts. Readers of Kinetic Anatomy, Fourth Edition, will learn what structures are involved in movement and how those structures should function, allowing them to identify problems and correct them to enhance physical activity. Anyone interested in just how their body functions during physical activity and how certain overuse or misuse can affect certain anatomical structures will benefit from this book. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is included with all new print books.

This book covers the basics of evoked spinal cord potentials (SCPs) with reference to studies in animals. Many illustrations help the reader grasp the neurophysiological and neuropharmacological background of spinal cord functions. Case studies offer insight into monitoring and diagnosing spinal cord dysfunctions and spinal cord diseases. The book is intended for students in clinical neurophysiology, neurosurgery, neurology, orthopedics and neuroanesthesia.

The phylontogenic theory proposes an original understanding of nose, sinus and midface formation and development by looking back in evolution for the first traces of the olfactory organ and then tracing its successive phyletic transformations to become part of the respiratory apparatus and finally the central point of human facial anatomy. Von Baer's, Darwin's, Haeckel's, Garstang's, Gould's and Buss' explorations of parallels between phylogeny and ontogeny help to trace the nose and midface story. The paradigm of existing parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny proves useful both in seeking to understand the holoprosencephalic spectrum of facial malformations (which represent radically different pathways of facial development after the life's tape has been started to run again) and in formulating hypotheses on chordate to vertebrate evolution. The phylontogenic theory leads to new medical hypotheses on nose and sinus diseases and opens the field of evolution and development-based medicine.

Survey.- Cavum Nasi and Fossa Pterygopalatina.- Sinus Sphenoidalis and Fossa Pterygopalatina.- Tuba Auditiva (Eustachii).- Pyramis (Petrous Bone, Pars Petrosa Plus Pars Tympanica).- Clivus Area and Pars Condylaris.- Special Surgical Aspects Examples.

Lippincott (R) Connect Featured Title Purchase of the new print edition of this Lippincott (R) Connect title includes access to the digital version of the book, plus related materials such as videos and multiple-choice Q&A and self-assessments. Clinically focused, clearly written and vibrantly illustrated, this introductory text equips students with a working knowledge of the force-motion relationship within the musculoskeletal system and the use of biomechanical principles in the evaluation and treatment of musculoskeletal dysfunction in clinical settings. Content progresses logically, introducing the basic terminology and concepts of biomechanics and providing focused perspectives on the biomechanics of tissues and structures, the biomechanics of joints and applied biomechanics - with case studies throughout to integrate biomechanical knowledge into clinical training for patient care. This updated 5th Edition of Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System highlights the global relevance of musculoskeletal biomechanics and features new full-color images that demonstrate biomechanical movement with vivid detail. NEW! Two new chapters familiarize students with biomechanical approaches to the thoracic spine and rib cage, and typical postures (such as squatting) and their biomechanical impact upon indigenous people throughout the world. UPDATED! Revised content throughout acquaints students with the most up-to-date and clinically relevant perspectives. NEW! Full-color illustrations clarify structures and movements with engaging detail. Clinical case studies help students link biomechanical knowledge to practical applications. Lippincott (R) Connect features: Full access to the digital version of the book with the ability to highlight and take notes on key passages for a more personal, efficient study experience. Carefully curated resources, such as interactive diagrams, audio and video tutorials, and self-assessment, all designed to facilitate further comprehension. Lippincott (R) Connect also allows users to create Study Collections to further personalize the study experience. With Study Collections you can: Pool content from books across your entire library into self-created Study Collections based on discipline, procedure, organ, concept or other topics. Display related text passages, video clips and self-assessment questions from each book (if available) for efficient absorption of material. Annotate and highlight key content for easy access later. Navigate seamlessly between book chapters, sections, self-assessments, notes and highlights in a single view/page.

A new era for liver anatomy has dawned. With the development of multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) in the 1990s, precise volume-rendered 3-D images could be constructed, leading to new observations. Liver anatomy has since been reevaluated from the standpoint of portal segmentation and drainage veins and includes a reclassification of the liver. Better surgical results and fewer complications have supported the rationale for the new liver anatomy. Based on the work and spirit of Team Chiba from Chiba University, this publication is a testament to the collaboration, perseverance, and innovation in the field of liver anatomy. With high regard for the early pioneers in this field, Team Chiba can be credited with pioneering its own antiviral treatment, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, radiation therapy, and US-guided hepatic resections. It is the team's hope that the new liver anatomy will find acceptance worldwide and will contribute to the advancement of the health and welfare of mankind.

Bicycles have been a common device to enhance physical fitness level in gyms and training centers along with solid use in competitive sport. For that reason, biomechanics of cycling has grown as a research field with many publications addressing different perspective of the interaction between the cyclist and his bicycle. The most common end point of research on biomechanics of cycling is optimization of performance and reduction of injury risk. One goal of this book is to meet the growing need for a comprehensive presentation of contemporary knowledge on biomechanics of cycling which will positively influence the activity of cycling in a global fashion. In order to accomplish this purpose, ten chapters are presented with focus on varying methods for biomechanical analysis of cycling motion. The introduction section provides an overview of the main methods for assessment of cycling motion, including motion analysis, pedal force measurements, muscle activation, anthropometry and joint kinetics. These methods are discussed in depth in individual chapters followed by chapters on characteristics of bicycles and potential perspectives to improve their configuration in order to improve performance of cyclists and reduce their overuse injury risk. Moreover, a preliminary method to train technique in cyclists is shown. A final chapter provides authors perspective on the upcoming technology that should be effective in helping training of cyclists.