This pioneering book investigates how biographical evidence has been variously used, misused, or not used at all, by clinicians entirely reliant on biographical evidence for the influential posthumous diagnoses they have produced of Winston Churchill as a manic-depressive. Attention is paid, also, to the distinct question of Churchill and "nerves," otherwise known as neurasthenia. This question has a place alongside the manic-depression issue because, by ensuring there is a marked contrast between two lines of biographical inquiry, it facilitates a significant move in the direction of a more rounded, a more securely founded, understanding of how Churchill functioned psychologically, and how he did not. That goal of a more rounded understanding is important, and the contribution Diagnosing Churchill makes towards its achievement is worthwhile, because accuracy in the depiction of key elements in the functioning of a major historical figure, one of the heroes of Western democratic civilization, is enjoined by a principle Churchill expressed thus: "the meanest historian owes something to the truth."

A revision and reference text for pre-registration and postgraduate optometrists, covering procedures for investigating heterophoria, heterotropia, vergence and accommodative anomalies. The text covers the diagnosis of disorders of voluntary eye movement, nystagmus and supranuclear defects, paresis and non-paralytic incomitancy. Both motor and sensory anomalies are discussed together with syndromes involving oculomotor anomalies. Clinical management is outlined in protocols in an easily assimilable form. The second edition has additional information for final year undergraduates. Amblyopia treatment has been extended to cover new American optometric methods. Strabismus surgical techniques are now included. There are two new chapters on vision training and case management which will interest optometrists and orthoptists involved in sports vision and in developmental vision therapy. Pre-registration optometrists will find the chapters on routine orthoptic assessment and the PQE examination of particular interest.

The Pocket Guide to Mycological Diagnosis provides useful and concise information for microbiologists and professionals diagnosing the most medically relevant fungal species. Cellular and molecular techniques, immunological methods, and more accurate microscopy equipment available in most mycology laboratories now make diagnosis more routine. Furthermore, information regarding medical mycology, including identification of specific fungal pathogens, is widely available. This book helps mycologists address the emerging challenges of diagnosis. Key Features Succinct summary of fungal disease diagnosis Includes opportunistic fungal infections that can afflict immunocompromised patients Permits the identification of common fungal pathogens Reviews antifungal drugs Related Titles Ghannoum, M. A. & John R. Perfect, eds. Antifungal Therapy, 2nd ed. (ISBN 978-1-4987-6814-6) Miyaji, M., ed. Animal Models in Medical Mycology (ISBN 978-1-3158-9059-3) Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M., M. Shams-Ghahfarokhi and M. Rai, eds. Medical Mycology: Current Trends and Future Prospects (ISBN 978-1-4987-1421-1)

The book introduces the bioinformatics tools, databases and strategies for the translational research, focuses on the biomarker discovery based on integrative data analysis and systems biological network reconstruction. With the coming of personal genomics era, the biomedical data will be accumulated fast and then it will become reality for the personalized and accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of complex diseases. The book covers both state of the art of bioinformatics methodologies and the examples for the identification of simple or network biomarkers. In addition, bioinformatics software tools and scripts are provided to the practical application in the study of complex diseases. The present state, the future challenges and perspectives were discussed. The book is written for biologists, biomedical informatics scientists and clinicians, etc. Dr. Bairong Shen is Professor and Director of Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University; he is also Director of Taicang Center for Translational Bioinformatics.

In Molecular Diagnostics for Melanoma: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers and clinicians in the field of melanoma provide updated information on biomarkers and assays for diagnosis, prognosis, and assays predicting response to treatment for routine testing. The focus of the volume is on biomarkers with established clinical validity rather than those on early discovery stage. With additional in-depth discussion of the molecular biology and pathology of melanoma, treatment options in adjuvant and metastatic setting, and implications of biomarker testing for clinical management of melanoma patients. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include extensive introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and practical, Molecular Diagnostics for Melanoma: Methods and Protocols seeks to provide both clinicians and scientists with technical information and extensive background information on the wide ranging approaches available in the field of diagnostics of melanoma.

The Pocket Guide to Mycological Diagnosis provides useful and concise information for microbiologists and professionals diagnosing the most medically relevant fungal species. Cellular and molecular techniques, immunological methods, and more accurate microscopy equipment available in most mycology laboratories now make diagnosis more routine. Furthermore, information regarding medical mycology, including identification of specific fungal pathogens, is widely available. This book helps mycologists address the emerging challenges of diagnosis. Key Features Succinct summary of fungal disease diagnosis Includes opportunistic fungal infections that can afflict immunocompromised patients Permits the identification of common fungal pathogens Reviews antifungal drugs Related Titles Ghannoum, M. A. & John R. Perfect, eds. Antifungal Therapy, 2nd ed. (ISBN 978-1-4987-6814-6) Miyaji, M., ed. Animal Models in Medical Mycology (ISBN 978-1-3158-9059-3) Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M., M. Shams-Ghahfarokhi and M. Rai, eds. Medical Mycology: Current Trends and Future Prospects (ISBN 978-1-4987-1421-1)

Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections, 2nd Edition is a thorough update to Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Mycoses. Globally recognized experts are brought together again to provide the latest research and clinical evidence on fungal infections and basic mycology. This concise text is divided into sections dedicated to the patient approach, laboratory and radiological diagnosis, antifungal agents, mycoses and instructive cases. Ideal for patient care or as a teaching guide, the busy infectious disease, hematology, oncology, pulmonology, or critical care specialist will find this resource to be a practical tool for diagnosing, treating, and managing patients with fungal infections.

This is a celebratory volume in honour of Professor T.R. Miles of the Bangor Dyslexia Unit. Among the papers offered by known specialists in the field are "Differential Diagnosis of Developmental Dyslexia", by P. Aaron, and "Evaluating Teaching Methods", by Michael Thompson.

Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases, causing pelvic pain, infertility, and cancer. The condition reduces the quality of life for the estimated 10% of menstruating women who are affected by it. This book provides a clear insight into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis—essential information for clinicians intending to successfully treat the condition. The first part covers a range of topics including stem cells, NK cells, macrophages, inflammation, cytokines, epigenetics, prostaglandin, sex steroids, aromatase, apoptosis, nerve fibers, and malignant transformation to aid in understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the disease. The second part provides useful tools for therapy, specifically, notable recent techniques in prevention, imaging, biomarkers, medical treatments, surgical treatments, prevention of recurrence, and infertility treatments. Each chapter was written by an expert in the field, with nearly 40 researchers and clinicians contributing to the work. This book will be highly useful to clinicians as well as to research scientists who are interested in this enigmatic disease.  

Milton Taylor, Indiana University, offers an easy-to-read and fascinating text describing the impact of viruses on human society. The book starts with an analysis of the profound effect that viral epidemics had on world history resulting in demographic upheavals by destroying total populations. It also provides a brief history of virology and immunology. Furthermore, the use of viruses for the treatment of cancer (viral oncolysis or virotherapy) and bacterial diseases (phage therapy) and as vectors in gene therapy is discussed in detail. Several chapters focus on viral diseases such as smallpox, influenza, polio, hepatitis and their control, as well as on HIV and AIDS and on some emerging viruses with an interesting story attached to their discovery or vaccine development. The book closes with a chapter on biological weapons. It will serve as an invaluable source of information for beginners in the field of virology as well as for experienced virologists, other academics, students, and readers without prior knowledge of virology or molecular biology.

Comprehensive and up to date, the Second Edition of Diagnostic Pathology: Infectious Disease, by Dr. Richard Kradin, is an invaluable tool for the accurate diagnosis of any infectious disease?from the common to the most challenging. The organ-based format makes it an especially useful tool for surgical pathologists' daily diagnostic and management issues. High-quality, full-color illustrations and differential diagnosis tables accompany each lesion, clearly depicting how to recognize the morphology of organisms and the spectrum of histological responses that they may cause. Addresses the most difficult diagnostic issues that practicing or trainee surgical pathologists face when handling infectious disease tissue specimens. Highlights morphological characteristics and landmarks of tissue samples for easy access to information necessary for signing out a specimen. Emphasizes the host responses critical in differential diagnosis to serve as a second opinion when non-infectious diagnoses mimic and confound the diagnosis of infection. Completely revised with the latest diagnostic support and hot topics in the field: A new chapter on novel techniques in microbiology A new chapter on eye infections New coverage of immunohistochemical staining and other molecular diagnostic techniques New discussions of human papillomavirus, a critical tool in predictive cancer screening New information on infections in the immunocompromised host and related special considerations Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, videos (including video updates), glossary, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Providing authoritative and up-to-date medical and scientific information about Tourette syndrome, "A Family's Guide to Tourette Syndrome" speaks to patients, families, care providers, academic institutions, and medical centers in easy-to-understand language about this neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children, adolescents, and adults worldwide. Each chapter is authored by leading neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, scientists, and others with expertise and research interests in Tourette syndrome.
"Praise for A Family's Guide to Tourette Syndrome"

"I am delighted to see the breadth and wealth of valuable clinical and scientific findings that have been gathered together in this comprehensive resource for families. The information provided in this book is testimony to the talent, abiding intellectual curiosity, and dedication to compassionate care and sheer persistence of each of the professionals who have contributed chapters. Their common goal was clear and selfless-to uncover sound medical and scientific data that could provide much needed answers to the baffling complexities of Tourette syndrome. A mere two decades ago, it was clear to all in the field that the prospect of obtaining sufficient funding to explore more deeply the intriguing preliminary findings uncovered about the disorder was all but non-existent. Simply put-other research funding priorities prevailed at the time. And so we can appreciate that the decision by each of them to dedicate their professional efforts to the study of Tourette syndrome is especially laudable. And for this we all owe the contributing authors a profound debt of gratitude." -Sue Levi-Pearl, Emeritus TSA Vice President, Medical and Scientific Programs

Molecular Diagnostics: 12 Tests That Changed Everything focuses on specific laboratory tests and emphasizes how the availability of these tests has altered how clinicians treat their patients. Presented as a standard outline, each chapter focuses on a specific molecular test and provides background on the test and its clinical applications. Continuing with some discussion on how the test is done, interpreted, and used clinically, each chapter then concludes with a discussion of how that test has changed the way medicine is practiced with respect to the disease or condition in question. Authored by renowned experts in the field, Molecular Diagnostics: 12 Tests That Changed Everything is a valuable resource for pathologists, pathology residents, laboratory directors, development personnel, lab medicine fellows and those working in the broad area of oncology, infectious disease and genetics.

This book explores how PPPM, clinical practice, and basic research could be best served by information technology (IT). A use-case was developed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The subject was approached with four interrelated tasks: (1) review of clinical practices relating to HCC; (2) propose an IT system relating to HCC, including clinical decision support and research needs; (3) determine how a clinical liver cancer center can contribute; and, (4) examine the enhancements and impact that the first three tasks will have on the management of HCC. An IT System for Personalized Medicine (ITS-PM) for HCC will provide the means to identify and determine the relative value of the wide number of variables, including clinical assessment of the patient -- functional status, liver function, degree of cirrhosis, and comorbidities; tumor biology, at a molecular, genetic and anatomic level; tumor burden and individual patient response; medical and operative treatments and their outcomes.

A rapid development in diverse areas of molecular biology and genetic engineering resulted in emergence of variety of tools. These tools are not only applicable to basic researches being carried out world over, but also exploited for precise detection of abnormal conditions in plants, animals and human body. Although a basic researcher is well versed with few techniques used by him/her in the laboratory, they may not be well acquainted with methodologies, which can be used to work out some of their own research problems. The picture is more blurred when the molecular diagnostic tools are to be used by physicians, scientists and technicians working in diagnostic laboratories in hospitals, industry and academic institutions. Since many of them are not trained in basics of these methods, they come across several gray areas in understanding of these tools. The accurate application of molecular diagnostic tools demands in depth understanding of the methodology for precise detection of the abnormal condition of living body. To meet the requirements of a good book on molecular diagnostics of students, physicians, scientists working in agricultural, veterinary, medical and pharmaceutical sciences, it needs to expose the reader lucidly to: Give basic science behind commonly used tools in diagnostics Expose the readers to detailed applications of these tools and Make them aware the availability of such diagnostic tools The book will attract additional audience of pathologists, medical microbiologists, pharmaceutical sciences, agricultural scientists and veterinary doctors if the following topics are incorporated at appropriate places in Unit II or separately as a part of Unit-III in the book. Molecular diagnosis of diseases in agricultural crops Molecular diagnosis of veterinary diseases. Molecular epidemiology, which helps to differentiate various epidemic strains and sources of disease outbreaks. Even in different units of the same hospital, the infections could be by different strains of the same species and the information becomes valuable for infection control strategies. Drug resistance is a growing problem for bacterial, fungal and parasitic microbes and the molecular biology tools can help to detect the drug resistance genes without the cultivation and in vitro sensitivity testing. Molecular diagnostics offers faster help in the selection of the proper antibiotic for the treatment of tuberculosis, which is a major problem of the in the developing world. The conventional culture and drug sensitivity testing of tuberculosis bacilli is laborious and time consuming, whereas molecular diagnosis offers rapid drug resistant gene detection even from direct clinical samples. The same approach for HIV, malaria and many more diseases needs to be considered. Molecular diagnostics in the detection of diseases during foetal life is an upcoming area in the foetal medicine in case of genetic abnormalities and infectious like TORCH complex etc. The book will be equally useful to students, scientists and professionals working in the field of molecular diagnostics.

Early detection of breast cancer is critical. Yet efforts to cut back on mammography or even stop screening altogether have been gaining ground in the medical community's decades-long debate over testing and treatment. It is not a purely scientific debate-back-room politics and hidden agendas have played as much a role as clinical data, leading to some surprising conclusions. Written by one of the first physicians in the country to specialize in breast cancer risk assessment, genetic testing and high-risk interventions, this book focuses on the screening controversy and explains the arguments used on both sides. The author covers the history of screening, from the first mobile unit on the streets of Manhattan to the cutting edge imaging technology of today.

Helps clinicians to systematically look beyond the obvious to arrive at a correct diagnosis Written specifically for both the notice and experienced cardiovascular clinician in acute care settings, this is the only resource to focus on the art of conducting an indepth patient history. Quite often, a patient will tell their first provider one thing, and their second provider something else, even when asked the exact same question. If recorded and interpreted correctly, a clinician can use a comprehensive history alone to obtain a correct diagnosis without exhaustive and expensiveevaluations. Using the steps and strategies outlined in this text, the cardiovascular clinician will learn to adopt specific and detailed a line of questioning to dissect patient symptoms down to their core. This book includes two clinical scenarios for chief complaints that cardiovascular clinicians may see in their practice. Unpacking these scenarios challenge clinicians to look beyond the obvious and recognize atypical presentations. Each scenario dissects and then discusses the history and other pertinent patient information to illuminate subtle differences in the process of information gathering. With this breakdown, the clinician can then identify if the patient has an acute cardiovascular issue. Each chapter ends with a sample of "how to present the patient" to an MD or peer and describes common pitfalls and assumptions to avoid. Key Features: Focuses specifically on acute cardiovascular issues in acute care settings Referenced by chief complaint or consult questions Targets patient history portion of the work up Examines subtle differences between cardiac diagnosis vs. non-cardiac diagnosis based on how patient history is taken Highlights common errors in review of information using EMR vs. standard questioning

Technological developments in the life sciences confront us with new facets of a Faustian seduction. Are we "playing God" more and more, as claimed by critical authors of modernity? Achievements in genetic research produce ethical dilemmas which need to be the subject of reflection and debate in modern societies. Denial of ambivalences that ethical dilemmas arouse constitutes a threat to societies as well as to individuals. The book presents a compilation of some of the results of the interdisciplinary European study "Ethical Dilemmas Due to Prenatal and Genetic Diagnostics" (EDIG), which investigated some of these dilemmas in detail in a field which is particularly challenging: prenatal diagnosis. When results from prenatal diagnosis show fetal abnormalities, women and their partners are confronted with ethical dilemmas regarding: the right to know and the right not to know; decision-making about the remainder of the pregnancy and the desire for a healthy child; responsibility for the unborn child, for its well-being and possible suffering; life and death. This book provides answers from an ethical, psychoanalytical and medical viewpoint.

Not all scientific discoveries are genius. Continual Raving tells the combined stories of how scientists across the 19th and 20th centuries defeated meningitis - not through flawless scientific research, but often through a series of serendipitous events, misplaced assumptions, and flawed conclusions. The result is a story of not just a vanquished disease, but how scientific accomplishment sometimes occurs where it's least expected. Although symptoms of meningitis were recorded as early as Hippocrates and the ancient Greeks, our understanding of the disease's origins and mechanisms remained obscure for most of human history. That changed in 1892, when German physician Richard Pfeiffer observed and isolated bacteria ultimately shown to cause meningitis in children - and concluded that those bacteria cause influenza. Haemophilus influenzae, as thee meningitis-causing bacteria have been erroneously named ever since, continued their strange journey to discovery in the decades that followed. Continual Raving traces the disease's strange encounters with science, including: * Heinrich Quincke, the German internist who first used a needle to draw spinal fluid from between a patient's back bones * Simon Flexner's management of American meningitis epidemics using immune serum from a horse * American bacteriologist Margaret Pittman's discovery (during the Great Depression, no less) of a sugar overcoat that protects the bacteria from white blood cells * Pediatrician Ashley Weech, who gave the first antibiotic used in America (based on instructions written in German) to a young patient sick with meningitis * Microbiologist Hattie Alexander, who learned why these antibiotics sometimes fail in such patients * Four scientists, in two teams, as they vied to be the first to create the right vaccine to prevent meningitis in infants In each of these deeply human stories, variables of chance, circumstance, and incorrect assumptions intervene to shape not just the arc of the scientists' lives, but the trajectory of how humans have come to understand one of our most pernicious diseases. Continual Raving is a mosaic tale of how science conquered meningitis - and a larger story of the sometimes winding road to discovery.

An examination of diagnostic processes that questions how we can better understand autism as a category and the unique forms of intelligence it glosses. As autism has grown in prevalence, so too have our attempts to make sense of it. From placing unfounded blame on vaccines to seeking a genetic cause, Americans have struggled to understand what autism is and where it comes from. Amidst these efforts, however, a key aspect of autism has been largely overlooked: the diagnostic process itself. That process is the central focus of Autistic Intelligence. The authors ask us to question the norms by which we measure autistic behavior, to probe how that behavior can be considered sensible rather than disordered, and to explore how we can better appreciate the individuality of those who receive the diagnosis. Drawing on hundreds of hours of video recordings and ethnographic observations at a clinic where professionals evaluated children for autism, the authors' analysis of interactions among clinicians, parents, and children demystifies the categories, tools, and practices involved in the diagnostic process. Autistic Intelligence shows that autism is not a stable category; it is the outcome of complex interactional processes involving professionals, children, families, and facets of the social and clinical environments they inhabit. The authors suggest that diagnosis, in addition to carefully classifying children, also can highlight or include unique and particular contributions those with autism potentially can make to the world around us.

Intended to be intriguing but not morbid, this book takes readers on an amazing journey through past, present, and evolving postmortem practices. The first of its kind, it deals with a topic that is rapidly becoming popular in the collectibles world. Tastefully and beautifully illustrated with many historical photographs and postcards, the book provides a pictorial review of the customs employed by mankind throughout the ages to deal with the final disposition of loved ones. Included in the remarkable array of collectible items are embalming products and instruments, photographs of funeral homes and funeral processions, promotional and advertising materials, and an outstanding collection of postmortem photographs taken in private homes and other locations. Cemetery monuments, sculptures, and mausoleums are shown, along with background material on caskets, floral arrangements, burial garments, mourning etiquette, and more. Values are included in the captions.

Many young, inexperienced doctors, have difficultly pinpointing a diagnosis: Is it a condition to which certain diseases could belong, or a disease definable in line with certain criteria? How can I apply my basic knowledge of diseases to a real patient? How can I find the correct diagnosis for a disease that I am seeing for the very first time? The traditional diagnostic pathways conveyed by current methods of teaching, from visual identification of the disease, knowledge of diseases, understanding of symptoms or patterns to diagnosis, leave certain diagnostic questions unanswered, especially on first experience of such a clinical pattern. Syndrome-based Approach to Diagnosis: A Practical Guide offers lecturers an alternative training concept in their teaching, which provides students with a model for self-study as well as the educational tools for learning how to think in clinical terms.

According to the Autoimmune Diseases Coordinating Committee (ADCC), between 14.7 and 23.5 million people in the USA - up to eight percent of the population are affected by autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases are a family of more than 100 chronic, and often disabling, illnesses that develop when underlying defects in the immune system lead the body to attack its own organs, tissues, and cells. In Handbook of Autoimmune Disease, the editors have gathered in a comprehensive handbook a critical review, by renowned experts, of more than 100 autoimmune diseases, divided into two main groups, namely systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. A contemporary overview of these conditions with special emphasis on diagnosis is presented. Each chapter contains the essential information required by attending physicians as well as bench scientists to understand the definition of a specific autoimmune disease, the diagnostic criteria, and the treatment.

Prognostication of acute neurologic disease is a major task for neurohospitalists and neurointensivists. The family conference raises the delicate matter of how to decide that outcome is indefinitely poor and how to define disability. This monograph is the first book on how to communicate prognosis in acute neurologic conditions. Communicating Prognosis includes useful data on prognosis in all major neurologic conditions and provides practical advice on how to effectively lead such a conference and how to resolve potential conflicts. This book provides straightforward common sense on-the-spot advice and touches on all aspects of support of devastated families.

This book fills the need for a resource presenting important diagnostic facts that clinicians should have learned during their classroom lectures and subsequent clinical training, but often didn't. The content will be literature-based information that can help the clinician avoid diagnostic errors. Most other diagnosis books on the market are either "physical diagnosis" texts targeting student readers or "differential diagnosis" books intended for use by practicing physicians, though both types of books aim to be comprehensive. What sets this book apart from other diagnosis books is that it is a curated collection of facts, tailored specifically to address common gaps in clinical knowledge and describe less-traveled pathways to important diagnostic destinations. This book focuses on high-impact techniques. Essential Diagnostic Facts Every Clinician Should Know contains: -Classical diagnostic pearls clinicians should have learned in physical diagnosis courses. For example, a patient with acute pericarditis may find that leaning forward relieves the pain. -Red flag symptoms of serious disease. For example, an infant that tastes salty when kissed might be the first clue to a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. -Pathognomonic signs allowing an occasional early diagnosis: For example, Koplik spots in a febrile child are found only with measles. -Plastic pearls exposed: For example, contrary to clinical lore, back pain at night has not been found to be a useful indicator for serious spinal pathology. -Counterintuitive clinical manifestations: For example, the patient with gout may have a normal or even low serum uric acid level during an acute attack. -Clinical manifestations that may point to uncommon diagnoses: For example, nocturnal bone pain, sometimes dramatically relieved by aspirin, characterizes osteoid osteoma.