Synthesis of Essential Drugs describes methods of synthesis, activity and implementation of diversity of all drug types and classes. With over 2300 references, mainly patent, for the methods of synthesis for over 700 drugs, along with the most widespread synonyms for these drugs, this book fills the gap that exists in the literature of drug synthesis. It provides the kind of information that will be of interest to those who work, or plan to begin work, in the areas of biologically active compounds and the synthesis of medicinal drugs. This book presents the synthesis of various groups of drugs in an order similar to that traditionally presented in a pharmacology curriculum. This was done with a very specific goal in mind - to harmonize the chemical aspects with the pharmacology curriculum in a manner useful to chemists. Practically every chapter begins with an accepted brief definition and description of a particular group of drugs, proposes their classification, and briefly explains the present model of their action. This is followed by a detailed discussion of methods for their synthesis. Of the thousands of drugs existing on the pharmaceutical market, the book mainly covers generic drugs that are included in the WHO's Essential List of Drugs. For practically all of the 700+ drugs described in the book, references (around 2350) to the methods of their synthesis are given along with the most widespread synonyms. Synthesis of Essential Drugs is an excellent handbook for chemists, biochemists, medicinal chemists, pharmacists, pharmacologists, scientists, professionals, students, university libraries, researchers, medical doctors and students, and professionals working in medicinal chemistry.

Medicinal Chemistry of Anticancer Drugs, Second Edition, provides an updated treatment from the point of view of medicinal chemistry and drug design, focusing on the mechanism of action of antitumor drugs from the molecular level, and on the relationship between chemical structure and chemical and biochemical reactivity of antitumor agents. Antitumor chemotherapy is a very active field of research, and a huge amount of information on the topic is generated every year. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is gradually being supplemented by a new generation of drugs that recognize specific targets on the surface or inside cancer cells, and resistance to antitumor drugs continues to be investigated. While these therapies are in their infancy, they hold promise of more effective therapies with fewer side effects. Although many books are available that deal with clinical aspects of cancer chemotherapy, this book provides a sorely needed update from the point of view of medicinal chemistry and drug design.

This text provides a practical guide providing step-by-step protocol to design and develop vaccines. Chapters detail protocols for developing novel vaccines against infectious bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites for humans and animals. Volume 1: Vaccines for Human Diseases has an introductory section on how vaccines impacted diseases, the immunological mechanism of vaccines, future challenges for vaccinologists, and current trends in vaccinology. The design of human vaccines for viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic and prion diseases as well as vaccines for drug abuse, allergy, and tumor vaccines are also described in this volume. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Vaccine Design: Methods and Protocols, Volume 1: Vaccines for Human Diseases aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Modern Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences explores advanced techniques in plant biotechnology, their applications to pharmaceutical sciences, and how these methods can lead to more effective, safe, and affordable drugs. The book covers modern approaches in a practical, step-by-step manner, and includes illustrations, examples, and case studies to enhance understanding. Key topics include plant-made pharmaceuticals, classical and non-classical techniques for secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture and their relevance to pharmaceutical science, edible vaccines, novel delivery systems for plant-based products, international industry regulatory guidelines, and more. Readers will find the book to be a comprehensive and valuable resource for the study of modern plant biotechnology approaches and their pharmaceutical applications.

The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry, Fourth Edition provides a practical and comprehensive overview of the daily issues facing pharmaceutical researchers and chemists. In addition to its thorough treatment of basic medicinal chemistry principles, this updated edition has been revised to provide new and expanded coverage of the latest technologies and approaches in drug discovery. With topics like high content screening, scoring, docking, binding free energy calculations, polypharmacology, QSAR, chemical collections and databases, and much more, this book is the go-to reference for all academic and pharmaceutical researchers who need a complete understanding of medicinal chemistry and its application to drug discovery and development.

The Nonhuman Primate in Drug Development and Safety Assessment is a valuable reference dedicated to compiling the latest research on nonhuman primate models in nonclinical safety assessment, regulatory toxicity testing and translational science. By covering important topics such as study planning and conduct, inter-species genetic drift, pathophysiology, animal welfare legislation, safety assessment of biologics and small molecules, immunotoxicology and much more, this book provides scientific and technical insights to help you safely and successfully use nonhuman primates in pharmaceutical toxicity testing. A comprehensive yet practical guide, this book is intended for new researchers or practicing toxicologists, toxicologic pathologists and pharmaceutical scientists working with nonhuman primates, as well as graduate students preparing for careers in this area.

The inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective mechanism of slowing down tumor growth and malignancies. The process of induction or pro-angiogenesis is highly desirable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, wound healing disorders, and more. Efforts to understand the molecular basis, both for inhibition and induction, have yielded fascinating results. Originally published by Bentham and now distributed by Elsevier, Anti-Angiogenesis Drug Discovery and Development, Volume 2 is an compilation of well-written reviews on various aspects of the anti-angiogenesis process. These reviews have been contributed by leading practitioners in drug discovery science and highlight the major developments in this exciting field in the last two decades. These reader-friendly chapters cover topics of great scientific importance, many of which are considered significant medical breakthroughs, making this book excellent reading both for the novice as well as for expert medicinal chemists and clinicians.

Originally published by Bentham and now distributed by Elsevier, Recent Advances in Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 1 covers leading-edge research and recent developments in rational drug design, synthetic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, drug targets, and natural product research and structure-activity relationship studies. The fourteen updated reviews include unique experimental data and references, and each article highlights an important topic in current medicinal chemistry research. Topics covered include: aureolic acid group of anti-cancer antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; aromatase inhibitors in adjuvant endocrine treatment of early-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal women; Rho GTPases and statins in targeting and developing therapies for tumors; and more.

This is the first book on the market that explores the importance of curcumin for the treatment of neurological disorders. It has been estimated that 35.6 million people globally had dementia in 2010 and the prevalence of dementia has been predicted to double every 20 years. Thus, 115.4 million people may be living with dementia in 2050. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is present in 60%-70% of people with dementia. Unless new discoveries are made in the prevention or treatment of AD, the number of cases in the US alone is estimated to increase threefold, to 13.2 million by the year 2050. Thus, it is important to focus on delaying and treating the onset of AD by curcumin may be an important step for controlling AD. Regular consumption of healthy diet containing curcumin enriched foods, moderate exercise, and regular sleep may produce beneficial effects not only on motor and cognitive functions, but also on memory deficits that occur to some extent during normal aging and to a large extent in AD. Delaying the onset and progression of AD and improving its symptoms by few years with regular consumption of curcumin may relieve some of the burden on health care systems. In service of this goal, this volume gives readers a comprehensive and cutting edge description of the importance of curcumin for the treatment of AD in cell culture and animal models in a manner that is useful not only to students and teachers but also to researchers, dietitians, nutritionists and physicians. It can be used as supplement text for a range of neuroscience and nutrition courses. Clinicians, neuroscientists, neurologists and pharmacologists will find this book useful for understanding molecular aspects of AD treatment by curcumin.

This detailed volume provides a single, valuable reference source for methods that definitively identify and accurately quantify apoptosis. The book begins with common methods utilized to detect and quantitate apoptosis, as well as apoptosis signaling pathways in toxicological and other related research. It continues with multi-parametric and phased apoptosis assays for detecting early and late apoptosis or distinguishing apoptosis from necrosis and autophagy. Subsequent chapters focus on recent advances in real time and high-throughput assays that detect and quantitate apoptosis and apoptosis signaling pathways. Final chapters focus on recent developments in preclinical anticancer therapeutics targeting apoptosis. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters feature step-by-step descriptions of the methodologies, as well as expert tips and implementation advice. Vital and authoritative, Apoptosis Methods in Toxicology serves novice scientists as well as experts, utilizing a range of instruments from common laboratory equipment to high-end expensive and automated machinery capable of performing real time apoptotic measurements.

1. Prevention and Early Detection of Lung Cancer - Clinical Aspects.- 2. Smoking Prevention and Cessation.- 3. Clinical Pharmacology of Vitamin A and Retinoids.- 4. Early Lung Cancer Detection.- 5. Molecular Abnormalities in the Sequential Development of Lung Carcinoma.- 6. Application of In Situ PCR and In Situ Hybridization to the Characterization of Lung Cancers.- 7. Tumor Stroma Formation in Lung Cancer.- 8. Tumor Angiogenesis: Basis for New Prognostic Factors and New Anticancer Therapies.- 9. Cell Cycle Regulators and Mechanisms of Growth Control Evasion in Lung Cancer.- 10. Molecular Genetics of Lung Cancer.- 11. Neuropeptides, Signal Transduction and Small Cell Lung Cancer.- 12. In Vitro Analysis of Bombesin/Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (bb2) Ligand Binding and G-Protein Coupling.- 13. DNA Methylation Changes in Lung Cancer.- 14. K-ras Mutations as Molecular Markers of Lung Cancer.- 15. Sheep Lung Adenomatosis: A Model of Virally Induced Lung Cancer.- 16. Retinoic Acid Receptor ss An Exploration of its Role in Lung Cancer Suppression and its Potential in Cancer Prevention.- 17. Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms: Risk Factors for Lung Cancer?.- 18. Glutathione S-Transferases and Lung Cancer Risk.- 19. The p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Lung Cancer: From Molecular to Serological Diagnosis.- 20. Endoscopic Localization of Preneoplastic Lung Lesions.- 21. Antigen Retrieval Improves hnRNP A2/B1 Immunohisto-chemical Localization in Premalignant Lesions of the Lung.- 22. Molecular Pathological Mechanisms in NSCLC and the Assessment of Individuals with a High Risk of Developing Lung Cancer.- 23. Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer.- 24. Regional Delivery of Retinoids: A New Approach to Early Lung Cancer Intervention.- 25. Natural Inhibitors of Carcinogenesis.- 26. Gene Delivery to Airways.- 27. Lung Cancer Prevention: The Point of View of a Public Health Epidemiologist.- 28. Biomarkers as Intermediate Endpoints in Chemoprevention Trials: Biological Basis of Lung Cancer Prevention.- 29. Biological Tools for Mass Screening.- 30. Optimization of the Use of Biological Samples for the Prospective Evaluation of Preneoplastic Lesions.

Silently orienting us to the world are traditions embedded in our language. These traditions shape how we understand the necessities and possibilities of life and truth. Dualism, a metaphysical theory, is such a tradition, and, in Keen's view, the separate discourses of science and morality create double meanings in our experience. Psychopharmacology is a critical intersection of these two worlds, where physical compounds are used to change mental life. Increasingly, the language of neurochemistry formulates that treatment. To control ennui with chemicals is to direct our attention away from what is wrong in our lives and to focus instead on what we can control easily, by taking a pill.

Mental life has become marginal in biologically reductionistic discourse. While the demystification of human consciousness is surely a cornerstone of modernity, in excess it indulges a world design where nothing is sacred and everything becomes just another phenomenon to which we owe nothing. Our practice of manipulating consciousness as an object surrenders the complex reflections of moral ambiguity and struggle. Following the example of our doctors, Keen asserts, we the population neglect what is wrong in our lives. Like the rest of nature, our minds become exploitable. And properties of consciousness become commodities sold by prescription in drug stores. A provocative analysis of psychopharmacology this will be of interest to treatment professionals, from psychologists, psychiatrists, and nurses to social workers, as well as the interested public.

This book is a neurochemistry-based companion for Protein Misfolding and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Targets, an Elsevier title by the same author publishing in December 2014. While the first book focuses on biology and molecular targets, this companion book describes how these targets are regulated by small molecules and disease-modifying compounds. The book begins with a brief introduction to how key proteins become dysfunctional, and each subsequent chapter describes major disease mechanisms in Alzheimer's and other tauopathies. Properties and development status of these molecular targets and disease mechanisms are thoroughly described, as are small molecule effectors of autophagy and dis-aggregating agents.

Now in its tenth edition, this famous compilation of synonyms for drugs, pesticides and other substances of pharmacological or biochemical interest has become even more international and comprehensive in its scope. Electronic storage of the data has ensured that the book is fully up to date, while the highest degree of cross referencing between entries is guaranteed. The types of names presented are: chemical names, abbreviated chemical names, source names, pharmacological names, pesticide names, names derived from places, plants or persons, research code numbers, and proprietary names (trademarks).

For people working in the fields of biochemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and toxicology, as well as for medical editors and drug regulatory officers, this work will prove to be an indispensable source of information.

The pharmaceutical industry is currently operating under a business model that is not sustainable for the future. Given the high costs associated with drug development, there is a vital need to reform this process in order to provide safe and effective drugs while still securing a profit. Re-Engineering Clinical Trials evaluates the trends and challenges associated with the current drug development process and presents solutions that integrate the use of modern communication technologies, innovations and novel enrichment designs. This book focuses on the need to simplify drug development and offers you well-established methodologies and best practices based on real-world experiences from expert authors across industry and academia. Written for all those involved in clinical research, development and clinical trial design, this book provides a unique and valuable resource for streamlining the process, containing costs and increasing drug safety and effectiveness.

A single source for accurate scientific information on herbal remedies! This comprehensive handbook (comprised of two volumes of 700+ pages each) provides a snapshot of 160 herbal products that have been tested in clinical trials. Details of the products and the clinical trials they underwent are here in an easy-to-read, at-a-glance format. Each botanical profile in The Handbook of Clinically Tested Herbal Remedies contains a summary section (table, text and references), followed by product information and clinical trials for that particular product. An evaluation of the strength of the evidence from the trials, along with the context for therapeutics is included to give you a complete picture of each remedy and its usefulness or lack thereof. If there is more than one product based on a particular botanical then the trials are grouped according to the product. This valuable book also makes purchasing easy with manufacturer contact information. With over 30 individual botanicals and 10 multi-ingredient formulas, 160 products and 360 clinical studies, The Handbook of Clinically Tested Herbal Remedies is the book you need to make an informed selection of herbal products. Not only does it list proprietary herbal products that have been tested in controlled clinical studies and provide a rating of the quality of those trials, but, it also describes the fundamentals of herbal medicine, including regulation, characterization, standardization, bioavailability, efficacy, safety, pharmacopoeial monographs as well as incentives, or lack of incentive, for US and European manufacturers to conduct clinical studies. Contributors to the chapters describing the fundamentals of herbal medicine include: * the late Dr. Varro Tyler, Distinguished Professor Emeritus at Purdue University and co-author of Tyler's Honest Herbal, Rational Phytotherapy, and Tyler's Herbs of Choice * Loren Israelsen, JD, president of the LDI group * Tieraona Low Dog, MD, Chair of the USP Dietary Supplement Information Committee * Joerg Grunwald, PhD, co-author of the Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) for Herbal Medicines, and Stefan Spiess, RPh, President of Grunwalder GmbH * Anton Biber, PhD, and Friedrich Lang, PhD, experts in the bioavailability of herbal medicine at Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co., Germany * Anthony Almada, MSc, founder and Chief Scientific Officer of IMAGINutrition, Inc. * Joseph M. Betz, PhD, Director of the Dietary Supplements Methods and Reference Materials Program at the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements * Ezra Bejar, PhD, president of Plant Bioassay * Uwe Koetter, PhD, Director of New OTC and Dietary Supplement Product Development at GlaxoSmithKline * Srini Srinivasan, PhD, Vice President of the Dietary Supplement Verification Program of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) * Roy Upton, Executive Director of the American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. All of the clinical trials in The Handbook of Clinically Tested Herbal Remedies were rated as to their Level of Evidence according to a system designed by Tieraona Low Dog, MD, Chair of the United States Pharmacopoeia Dietary Supplements/Botanicals Expert Panel and a member of the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The reviewers of the clinical trials included Karriem Ali, MD; Richard Aranda, MD; Elliot Fagelman, MD; Mary Hardy, MD; David Heber, MD, PhD, FACP, FACN; John Trimmer Hicks, MD, FACP, FACR; Hannah Kim, MD; Franklin C. Lowe, MD, MPH; Richard D. O'Connor, MD; Barry S. Oken, M.D; Lynn Shinto, ND; and Keith Wesnes, PhD.

Malpractice settlements are large for undetected hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine toxicity which, if untreated, can lead to permanent loss of central vision. Knowledge of the ocular toxicity of these drugs has increased during the past fifty years as their use has expanded. Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Retinopathy is the first single-source book on the subject and is essential for the practicing ophthalmologists, rheumatologists, dermatologists, and internists who prescribe these drugs. It covers clinical topics such as signs and symptoms of toxicity, toxicity screening, ancillary testing, to whom and why the drugs are prescribed and dosing considerations. Additionally, the book addresses practice management considerations, including coding, reimbursement and equipment costs, and the medico-legal responsibilities of the rheumatologist and of the ophthalmologist. Guidelines for the management of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine vary around the world and differences between the guidelines of the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries are identified. The book concludes with a collection of case examples illustrating common clinical scenarios and their management. This book is a "must-have" resource for physicians who use these drugs.