This volume contains the proceedings of the Conference on Representations of Algebras - Sao Paulo (CRASP), held at the Instituto de Matematica e Estatistica of the Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. It discusses Hopf, tubular, quasischurian, wild hereditary, concealed-canonical Artin, Brauer star, and Koszul algebras.

Unlike most elementary books on matrices, A Combinatorial Approach to Matrix Theory and Its Applications employs combinatorial and graph-theoretical tools to develop basic theorems of matrix theory, shedding new light on the subject by exploring the connections of these tools to matrices.

After reviewing the basics of graph theory, elementary counting formulas, fields, and vector spaces, the book explains the algebra of matrices and uses the Konig digraph to carry out simple matrix operations. It then discusses matrix powers, provides a graph-theoretical definition of the determinant using the Coates digraph of a matrix, and presents a graph-theoretical interpretation of matrix inverses. The authors develop the elementary theory of solutions of systems of linear equations and show how to use the Coates digraph to solve a linear system. They also explore the eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and characteristic polynomial of a matrix; examine the important properties of nonnegative matrices thatare part of the Perron-Frobenius theory; and study eigenvalue inclusion regions and sign-nonsingular matrices. The final chapter presents applications to electrical engineering, physics, and chemistry.

Using combinatorial and graph-theoretical tools, this book enables a solid understanding of the fundamentals of matrix theory and its application to scientific areas.

Felix Klein, a great geometer of the nineteenth century, rediscovered an idea from Hindu mythology in mathematics: the heaven of Indra in which the whole Universe was mirrored in each pearl in a net of pearls. Practically impossible to represent by hand, this idea barely existed outside the imagination, until the 1980s when the authors embarked on the first computer investigation of Klein's vision. In this extraordinary book they explore the path from some basic mathematical ideas to the simple algorithms that create delicate fractal filigrees, most appearing in print for the first time. Step-by-step instructions for writing computer programs allow beginners to generate the images.

This book contains several fundamental ideas that are revived time after time in different guises, providing a better understanding of algebraic geometric phenomena. It shows how the field is enriched with loans from analysis and topology and from commutative algebra and homological algebra.

A polynomial identity for an algebra (or a ring) $A$ is a polynomial in noncommutative variables that vanishes under any evaluation in $A$. An algebra satisfying a nontrivial polynomial identity is called a PI algebra, and this is the main object of study in this book, which can be used by graduate students and researchers alike. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 contains foundational material on representation theory and noncommutative algebra. In addition to setting the stage for the rest of the book, this part can be used for an introductory course in noncommutative algebra. An expert reader may use Part 1 as reference and start with the main topics in the remaining parts. Part 2 discusses the combinatorial aspects of the theory, the growth theorem, and Shirshov's bases. Here methods of representation theory of the symmetric group play a major role. Part 3 contains the main body of structure theorems for PI algebras, theorems of Kaplansky and Posner, the theory of central polynomials, M. Artin's theorem on Azumaya algebras, and the geometric part on the variety of semisimple representations, including the foundations of the theory of Cayley-Hamilton algebras. Part 4 is devoted first to the proof of the theorem of Razmyslov, Kemer, and Braun on the nilpotency of the nil radical for finitely generated PI algebras over Noetherian rings, then to the theory of Kemer and the Specht problem. Finally, the authors discuss PI exponent and codimension growth. This part uses some nontrivial analytic tools coming from probability theory. The appendix presents the counterexamples of Golod and Shafarevich to the Burnside problem.

Intrinsically noncommutative spaces today are considered from the perspective of several branches of modern physics, including quantum gravity, string theory, and statistical physics. From this point of view, it is ideal to devise a concept of space and its geometry that is fundamentally noncommutative. Providing a clear introduction to noncommutative topology, Virtual Topology and Functor Geometry explores new aspects of these areas as well as more established facets of noncommutative algebra. Presenting the material in an easy, colloquial style to facilitate understanding, the book begins with an introduction to category theory, followed by a chapter on noncommutative spaces. This chapter examines noncommutative lattices, noncommutative opens, sheaf theory, the generalized Stone space, and Grothendieck topology. The author then studies Grothendieck categorical representations to formulate an abstract notion of "affine open." The final chapter proposes a dynamical version of topology and sheaf theory, providing at least one solution of the problem of sheafification independent of generalizations of topos theory. By presenting new ideas for the development of an intrinsically noncommutative geometry, this book fosters the further unification of different kinds of noncommutative geometry and the expression of observations that involve natural phenomena.

In response to tremendous growth and new technologies in the semiconductor industry, this volume is organized into five, information-rich sections. Digital Design and Fabrication surveys the latest advances in computer architecture and design as well as the technologies used to manufacture and test them. Featuring contributions from leading experts, the book also includes a new section on memory and storage in addition to a new chapter on nonvolatile memory technologies. Developing advanced concepts, this sharply focused book- Describes new technologies that have become driving factors for the electronic industry Includes new information on semiconductor memory circuits, whose development best illustrates the phenomenal progress encountered by the fabrication and technology sector Contains a section dedicated to issues related to system power consumption Describes reliability and testability of computer systems Pinpoints trends and state-of-the-art advances in fabrication and CMOS technologies Describes performance evaluation measures, which are the bottom line from the user's point of view Discusses design techniques used to create modern computer systems, including high-speed computer arithmetic and high-frequency design, timing and clocking, and PLL and DLL design

This unique text presents the new domain of consistent non-linear counterparts for all basic objects and tools of linear algebra, and develops an adequate calculus for solving non-linear algebraic and differential equations. It reveals the non-linear algebraic activity as an essentially wider and diverse field with its own original methods, of which the linear one is a special restricted case.This volume contains a detailed and comprehensive description of basic objects and fundamental techniques arising from the theory of non-linear equations, which constitute the scope of what should be called non-linear algebra. The objects of non-linear algebra are presented in parallel with the corresponding linear ones, followed by an exposition of specific non-linear properties treated with the use of classical (such as the Koszul complex) and original new tools. This volume extensively uses a new diagram technique and is enriched with a variety of illustrations throughout the text. Thus, most of the material is new and is clearly exposed, starting from the elementary level. With the scope of its perspective applications spreading from general algebra to mathematical physics, it will interest a broad audience of physicists; mathematicians, as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students.

Noncommutative Geometry and Cayley-smooth Orders explains the theory of Cayley-smooth orders in central simple algebras over function fields of varieties. In particular, the book describes the etale local structure of such orders as well as their central singularities and finite dimensional representations. After an introduction to partial desingularizations of commutative singularities from noncommutative algebras, the book presents the invariant theoretic description of orders and their centers. It proceeds to introduce etale topology and its use in noncommutative algebra as well as to collect the necessary material on representations of quivers. The subsequent chapters explain the etale local structure of a Cayley-smooth order in a semisimple representation, classify the associated central singularity to smooth equivalence, describe the nullcone of these marked quiver representations, and relate them to the study of all isomorphism classes of n-dimensional representations of a Cayley-smooth order. The final chapters study Quillen-smooth algebras via their finite dimensional representations. Noncommutative Geometry and Cayley-smooth Orders provides a gentle introduction to one of mathematics' and physics' hottest topics.

This is the first book on linear algebra written specifically for social scientists. It deals only with those aspects of the subject applicable in the social sciences and provides a thorough understanding of linear algebra for those who wish to use it as a tool in the design, execution, and interpretation of research. Linear mathematical models play an important role in all of the social sciences. This book provides a step-by-step introduction to those parts of linear algebra which are useful in such model building. It illustrates some of the applications of linear analysis and helps the reader learn how to convert his formulation of a social science problem into algebraic terms.

The author covers matrix algebra, computational methods, linear models involving discrete variables, and clear, complete explanations of necessary mathematical concepts. Prior knowledge of calculus is not required since no use is made of calculus or of complex numbers. A novel feature of the mathematical content of the book is the treatment of models expressed in terms of variables which must be whole numbers (integers).

The book is distinguished by a step-by-step exposition that allows the reader to grasp quickly and fully the principles of linear algebra. All of the examples used to illustrate the text are drawn from the social sciences, enabling the reader to relate the subject to concrete problems in his field. Exercises are included as a necessary part of the text to develop points not covered in the text and to provide practice in the algebraic formulation of applied problems. An appendix gives solutions (or hints) for selected exercises.

"Gordon Mills" is an honorary professor in the department of economics at the University of Sydney. His research interests include transport and retailing, microeconomics, and microeconomic policy especially regulation and privatization. He is the author of many journal articles.

This book on modern module and non-commutative ring theory starts at the foundations of the subject and progresses rapidly through the basic concepts to help the reader reach current research frontiers. The first half of the book is concerned with free, projective, and injective modules, tensor algebras, simple modules and primitive rings, the Jacobson radical, and subdirect products. Later in the book, more advanced topics, such as hereditary rings, categories and functors, flat modules, and purity are introduced. These later chapters will also prove a useful reference for researchers in non-commutative ring theory.

In recent years there has been an explosion of research into linear programming, as well as further steady advances in integer programming. This research has been reported in the research literature but there has been little done from the view of a "combined whole". This book aims to overcome this. With an international authorship of contributors from acknowledged experts in their field, this book provides a clear exposition on such topics as simplex algorithms, and interior point algorithms, both from a theoretical and a computational viewpoint. Surveying recent research that is currently only available in journals this topical book will be of interest not only in the field of mathematics, but also in computer science and operations research as well.

Non-Linear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems is the second book within Ordinary Differential Equations with Applications to Trajectories and Vibrations, Six-volume Set. As a set, they are the fourth volume in the series Mathematics and Physics Applied to Science and Technology. This second book consists of two chapters (chapters 3 and 4 of the set). The first chapter considers non-linear differential equations of first order, including variable coefficients. A first-order differential equation is equivalent to a first-order differential in two variables. The differentials of order higher than the first and with more than two variables are also considered. The applications include the representation of vector fields by potentials. The second chapter in the book starts with linear oscillators with coefficients varying with time, including parametric resonance. It proceeds to non-linear oscillators including non-linear resonance, amplitude jumps, and hysteresis. The non-linear restoring and friction forces also apply to electromechanical dynamos. These are examples of dynamical systems with bifurcations that may lead to chaotic motions. Presents general first-order differential equations including non-linear like the Ricatti equation Discusses differentials of the first or higher order in two or more variables Includes discretization of differential equations as finite difference equations Describes parametric resonance of linear time dependent oscillators specified by the Mathieu functions and other methods Examines non-linear oscillations and damping of dynamical systems including bifurcations and chaotic motions

Higher-Order Differential Equations and Elasticity is the third book within Ordinary Differential Equations with Applications to Trajectories and Vibrations, Six-volume Set. As a set, they are the fourth volume in the series Mathematics and Physics Applied to Science and Technology. This third book consists of two chapters (chapters 5 and 6 of the set). The first chapter in this book concerns non-linear differential equations of the second and higher orders. It also considers special differential equations with solutions like envelopes not included in the general integral. The methods presented include special differential equations, whose solutions include the general integral and special integrals not included in the general integral for myriad constants of integration. The methods presented include dual variables and differentials, related by Legendre transforms, that have application in thermodynamics. The second chapter concerns deformations of one (two) dimensional elastic bodies that are specified by differential equations of: (i) the second-order for non-stiff bodies like elastic strings (membranes); (ii) fourth-order for stiff bodies like bars and beams (plates). The differential equations are linear for small deformations and gradients and non-linear otherwise. The deformations for beams include bending by transverse loads and buckling by axial loads. Buckling and bending couple non-linearly for plates. The deformations depend on material properties, for example isotropic or anisotropic elastic plates, with intermediate cases such as orthotropic or pseudo-isotropic. Discusses differential equations having special integrals not contained in the general integral, like the envelope of a family of integral curves Presents differential equations of the second and higher order, including non-linear and with variable coefficients Compares relation of differentials with the principles of thermodynamics Describes deformations of non-stiff elastic bodies like strings and membranes and buckling of stiff elastic bodies like bars, beams, and plates Presents linear and non-linear waves in elastic strings, membranes, bars, beams, and plates

Simultaneous Differential Equations and Multi-Dimensional Vibrations is the fourth book within Ordinary Differential Equations with Applications to Trajectories and Vibrations, Six-volume Set. As a set, they are the fourth volume in the series Mathematics and Physics Applied to Science and Technology. This fourth book consists of two chapters (chapters 7 and 8 of the set). The first chapter concerns simultaneous systems of ordinary differential equations and focuses mostly on the cases that have a matrix of characteristic polynomials, namely linear systems with constant or homogeneous power coefficients. The method of the matrix of characteristic polynomials also applies to simultaneous systems of linear finite difference equations with constant coefficients. The second chapter considers linear multi-dimensional oscillators with any number of degrees of freedom including damping, forcing, and multiple resonance. The discrete oscillators may be extended from a finite number of degrees-of-freedom to infinite chains. The continuous oscillators correspond to waves in homogeneous or inhomogeneous media, including elastic, acoustic, electromagnetic, and water surface waves. The combination of propagation and dissipation leads to the equations of mathematical physics. Presents simultaneous systems of ordinary differential equations and their elimination for a single ordinary differential equation Includes cases with a matrix of characteristic polynomials, including simultaneous systems of linear differential and finite difference equations with constant coefficients Covers multi-dimensional oscillators with damping and forcing, including modal decomposition, natural frequencies and coordinates, and multiple resonance Discusses waves in inhomogeneous media, such as elastic, electromagnetic, acoustic, and water waves Includes solutions of partial differential equations of mathematical physics by separation of variables leading to ordinary differential equations

Singular Differential Equations and Special Functions is the fifth book within Ordinary Differential Equations with Applications to Trajectories and Vibrations, Six-volume Set. As a set they are the fourth volume in the series Mathematics and Physics Applied to Science and Technology. This fifth book consists of one chapter (chapter 9 of the set). The chapter starts with general classes of differential equations and simultaneous systems for which the properties of the solutions can be established 'a priori', such as existence and unicity of solution, robustness and uniformity with regard to changes in boundary conditions and parameters, and stability and asymptotic behavior. The book proceeds to consider the most important class of linear differential equations with variable coefficients, that can be analytic functions or have regular or irregular singularities. The solution of singular differential equations by means of (i) power series; (ii) parametric integral transforms; and (iii) continued fractions lead to more than 20 special functions; among these is given greater attention to generalized circular, hyperbolic, Airy, Bessel and hypergeometric differential equations, and the special functions that specify their solutions. Includes existence, unicity, robustness, uniformity, and other theorems for non-linear differential equations Discusses properties of dynamical systems derived from the differential equations describing them, using methods such as Liapunov functions Includes linear differential equations with periodic coefficients, including Floquet theory, Hill infinite determinants and multiple parametric resonance Details theory of the generalized Bessel differential equation, and of the generalized, Gaussian, confluent and extended hypergeometric functions and relations with other 20 special functions Examines Linear Differential Equations with analytic coefficients or regular or irregular singularities, and solutions via power series, parametric integral transforms, and continued fractions

This accessible book for beginners uses intuitive geometric concepts to create abstract algebraic theory with a special emphasis on geometric characterizations. The book applies known results to describe various geometries and their invariants, and presents problems concerned with linear algebra, such as in real and complex analysis, differential equations, differentiable manifolds, differential geometry, Markov chains and transformation groups. The clear and inductive approach makes this book unique among existing books on linear algebra both in presentation and in content.

The conventional wisdom was that biology influenced mathematics and computer science. But a new approach has taken hold: that of transferring methods and tools from computer science to biology. The reverse trend is evident in Grammars and Automata for String Processing: From Mathematics and Computer Science to Biology and Back. The contributors address the structural (syntactical) view of the domain. Mathematical linguistics and computer science can offer various tools for modeling complex macromolecules and for analyzing and simulating biological issues. This collection is valuable for students and researchers in biology, computer science, and applied mathematics.

Lattice Point Identities and Shannon-Type Sampling demonstrates that significant roots of many recent facets of Shannon's sampling theorem for multivariate signals rest on basic number-theoretic results. This book leads the reader through a research excursion, beginning from the Gaussian circle problem of the early nineteenth century, via the classical Hardy-Landau lattice point identity and the Hardy conjecture of the first half of the twentieth century, and the Shannon sampling theorem (its variants, generalizations and the fascinating stories about the cardinal series) of the second half of the twentieth century. The authors demonstrate how all these facets have resulted in new multivariate extensions of lattice point identities and Shannon-type sampling procedures of high practical applicability, thereby also providing a general reproducing kernel Hilbert space structure of an associated Paley-Wiener theory over (potato-like) bounded regions (cf. the cover illustration of the geoid), as well as the whole Euclidean space. All in all, the context of this book represents the fruits of cross-fertilization of various subjects, namely elliptic partial differential equations, Fourier inversion theory, constructive approximation involving Euler and Poisson summation formulas, inverse problems reflecting the multivariate antenna problem, and aspects of analytic and geometric number theory. Features: New convergence criteria for alternating series in multi-dimensional analysis Self-contained development of lattice point identities of analytic number theory Innovative lattice point approach to Shannon sampling theory Useful for students of multivariate constructive approximation, and indeed anyone interested in the applicability of signal processing to inverse problems.

Resoundingly popular in its first edition, the second edition of Mechanics of Structures: Variational and Computational Methods promises to be even more so, with broader coverage, expanded discussions, and a streamlined presentation. The authors begin by describing the behavior of deformable solids through the differential equations for the strength of materials and the theory of elasticity. They next introduce variational principles, including mixed or generalized principles, and derive integral forms of the governing equations. Discussions then move to computational methods, including the finite element method, and these are developed to solve the differential and integral equations. New in the second edition: A one-dimensional introduction to the finite element method, complete with illustrations of numerical mesh refinement Expansion of the use of Galerkin's method. Discussion of recent developments in the theory of bending and torsion of thin-walled beams. An appendix summarizing the fundamental equations in differential and variational form Completely new treatment of stability, including detailed examples Discussion of the principal values of geometric properties and stresses Additional exercises As a textbook or as a reference, Mechanics of Structures builds a unified, variational foundation for structure mechanics, which in turn forms the basis for the computational solid mechanics so essential to modern engineering.

This carefully prepared manuscript presents elimination theory in weighted projective spaces over arbitrary noetherian commutative base rings. Elimination theory is a classical topic in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, and it has become of renewed importance recently in the context of applied and computational algebra. This monograph provides a valuable complement to sparse elimination theory in that it presents in careful detail the algebraic difficulties from working over general base rings. This is essential for applications in arithmetic geometry and many other places. Necessary tools concerning monoids of weights, generic polynomials and regular sequences are treated independently in the first part of the book. Many supplements added to each chapter provide extra details and insightful examples. Necessary tools concerning monoids of weights, generic polynomials and regular sequences are treated independently in the first part of the book. Many supplements added to each chapter provide extra details and insightful examples.

Volume IV of the series "Mathematics and Physics Applied to Science and Technology," this comprehensive six-book set covers: Linear Differential Equations and Oscillators Non-linear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems Higher-order Differential Equations and Elasticity Simultaneous Systems of Differential Equations and Multi-dimensional Oscillators Singular Differential Equations and Special Functions Classification and Examples of Differential Equations and their Applications

Glider Representations offer several applications across different fields within Mathematics, thereby motivating the introduction of this new glider theory and opening numerous doors for future research, particularly with respect to more complex filtration chains. Features * Introduces new concepts in the Theory of Rings and Modules * Suitable for researchers and graduate students working in this area, and as supplementary reading for courses in Group Theory, Ring Theory, Lie Algebras and Sheaf Theory * The first book to explicitly outline this new approach to gliders and fragments and associated concepts

We study embeddings of PSL2(pa) into exceptional groups G(pb)forG = F4,E6,2E6,E7,andp aprimewitha,b positive integers. With a few possible exceptions, we prove that any almost simple group with socle PSL2(pa), that is maximal inside an almost simple exceptional group of Lie type F4, E6, 2E6 and E7, is the fixed points under the Frobenius map of a corresponding maximal closed subgroup of type A1 inside the algebraic group. Together with a recent result of Burness and Testerman for p the Coxeter number plus one, this proves that all maximal subgroups with socle PSL2(pa) inside these finite almost simple groups are known, with three possible exceptions (pa = 7, 8,25 for E7). In the three remaining cases we provide considerable information about a potential maximal subgroup.

This comprehensive, encyclopedic text in four parts aims to give the reader - from the graduate student to the researcher/practitioner - a detailed understanding of modern finite semigroup theory, focusing in particular on advanced topics on the cutting edge of research. The q-theory of Finite Semigroups presents important techniques and results, many for the first time in book form, thereby updating and modernizing the semigroup theory literature.