The book collects contributions from experts worldwide addressing recent scholarship in social network analysis such as influence spread, link prediction, dynamic network biclustering, and delurking. It covers both new topics and new solutions to known problems. The contributions rely on established methods and techniques in graph theory, machine learning, stochastic modelling, user behavior analysis and natural language processing, just to name a few. This text provides an understanding of using such methods and techniques in order to manage practical problems and situations. Trends in Social Network Analysis: Information Propagation, User Behavior Modelling, Forecasting, and Vulnerability Assessment appeals to students, researchers, and professionals working in the field.

This thesis describes a high-quality, high-precision method for the data analysis of an interesting elementary particle reaction. The data was collected at the Japanese B-meson factory KEKB with the Belle detector, one of the most successful large-scale experiments worldwide. CP violation is a subtle quantum effect that makes the world look different when simultaneously left and right and matter and antimatter are exchanged. This being a prerequisite for our own world to have developed from the big bang, there are only a few experimental indications of such effects, and their detection requires very intricate techniques. The discovery of CP violation in B meson decays garnered Kobayashi and Maskawa, who had predicted these findings as early as 1973, the 2008 Nobel prize in physics. This thesis describes in great detail what are by far the best measurements of branching ratios and CP violation parameters in two special reactions with two charm mesons in the final state. It presents an in-depth but accessible overview of the theory, phenomenology, experimental setup, data collection, Monte Carlo simulations, (blind) statistical data analysis, and systematic uncertainty studies.

The book gives a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research and engineering in theory and application of Lattice Automata in design and control of autonomous Robots. Automata and robots share the same notional meaning. Automata (originated from the latinization of the Greek word " ") as self-operating autonomous machines invented from ancient years can be easily considered the first steps of robotic-like efforts. Automata are mathematical models of Robots and also they are integral parts of robotic control systems. A Lattice Automaton is a regular array or a collective of finite state machines, or automata. The Automata update their states by the same rules depending on states of their immediate neighbours. In the context of this book, Lattice Automata are used in developing modular reconfigurable robotic systems, path planning and map exploration for robots, as robot controllers, synchronisation of robot collectives, robot vision, parallel robotic actuators. All chapters are written in an accessible manner and lavishly illustrated. The book will help computer and robotic scientists and engineers to understand mechanisms of decentralised functioning of robotic collectives and to design future and emergent reconfigurable, parallel and distributed robotic systems.

This dissertation focuses on the calculation of transport coefficients in the matter created in a relativistic heavy-ion collision after chemical freeze-out. This matter can be well approximated using a pion gas out of equilibrium. We describe the theoretical framework needed to obtain the shear and bulk viscosities, the thermal and electrical conductivities and the flavor diffusion coefficients of a meson gas at low temperatures. To describe the interactions of the degrees of freedom, we use effective field theories with chiral and heavy quark symmetries. We subsequently introduce the unitarization methods in order to obtain a scattering amplitude that satisfies the unitarity condition exactly, then go on to calculate the transport properties of the low-temperature phase of quantum chromodynamics - the hadronic medium - which can be used in hydrodynamic simulations of a relativistic heavy-ion collision and its subsequent evolution. We show that the shear viscosity over entropy density exhibits a minimum in a phase transition by studying this coefficient in atomic Argon (around the liquid-gas phase transition) and in the linear sigma model in the limit of a large number of scalar fields (which presents a chiral phase transition). Finally, we provide an experimental method for estimating the bulk viscosity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions by performing correlations of the fluctuating components of the stress-energy tensor.

This book discusses the application of independent continuous mapping method in predicting and the optimization of the mechanical performance of buckling with displacement, stress and static constrains. Each model is explained by mathematical theories and followed by simulation with frequently-used softwares. With abundant project data, the book is an essential reference for mechanical engineers, structural engineers and industrial designers.

Exploring roles critical to environmental toxicology, Modeling and Simulation in Ecotoxicology with Applications in MATLAB (R) and Simulink (R) covers the steps in modeling and simulation from problem conception to validation and simulation analysis. Using the MATLAB and Simulink programming languages, the book presents examples of mathematical functions and simulations, with special emphasis on how to develop mathematical models and run computer simulations of ecotoxicological processes. Designed for students and professionals with little or no experience in modeling, the book includes: General principles of modeling and simulation and an introduction to MATLAB and Simulink Stochastic modeling where variability and uncertainty are acknowledged by making parameters random variables Toxicological processes from the level of the individual organism, with worked examples of process models in either MATLAB or Simulink Toxicological processes at the level of populations, communities, and ecosystems Parameter estimation using least squares regression methods The design of simulation experiments similar to the experimental design applied to laboratory or field experiments Methods of postsimulation analysis, including stability analysis and sensitivity analysis Different levels of model validation and how they are related to the modeling purpose The book also provides three individual case studies. The first involves a model developed to assess the relative risk of mortality following exposure to insecticides in different avian species. The second explores the role of diving behavior on the inhalation and distribution of oil spill naphthalene in bottlenose dolphins. The final case study looks at the dynamics of mercury in Daphnia that are exposed to simulated thermal plumes from a hypothetical power plant cooling system. Presented in a rigorous yet accessible style, the methodology is versatile enough to be readily applicable not only to environmental toxicology but a range of other biological fields.

This collection of papers is dedicated to the memory of Gaetano Fichera, a great mathematician and also a good friend to the editors. Regrettably it took an unusual amount of time to bring this collection out. This was primarily due to the fact that the main editor who had collected all of the materials, for this volume, P. D. Panagiotopoulos, died unexpectedly during the period when we were editing the manuscript. The other two editors in appreciation of Panagiotopoulos' contribution to this field, believe it is therefore fitting that this collection be dedicated to his memory also. The theme of the collection is centered around the seminal research of G. Fichera on the Signorini problem. Variants on this idea enter in different ways. For example, by bringing in friction the problem is no longer self-adjoint and the minimization formulation is not valid. A large portion of this collection is devoted to survey papers concerning hemivariational methods, with a main point of its application to nonsmooth mechanics. Hemivariational inequali ties, which are a generalization of variational inequalities, were pioneered by Panagiotopoulos. There are many applications of this theory to the study of non convex energy functionals occurring in many branches of mechanics. An area of concentration concerns contact problems, in particular, quasistatic and dynamic contact problems with friction and damage. Nonsmooth optimization methods which may be divided into the main groups of subgradient methods and bundle methods are also discussed in this collection."

"Now, however, weface an Age of Discontinuity in world economy and tech- nology. We might succeed in making it an age of great economic growth as weil. But the one thing that is certain so far is that it will be a period of change-in technology and in economic policy, in industry structures and in economic theo- ry, in the knowledge needed to govern and manage, and in economic issues. While we have been busy finishing the great nineteenth-century economic ed- ijice, the foundations have shifted beneath our feet." Peter F. Drucker, 1968 The A~e Qf DiscQntinuity, p. 10 This project has had a lQng gestatiQn period, probably ultimately dating to a YQuthful QbsessiQn with watershed divides and bQundaries. My awareness Qf the problem Qf discQntinuity in eCQnQmics dates tQ my first enCQunter with the capi- tal theQry paradQxes in the late 1960s, the fruits Qf which can be seen in Chapter 8 Qf this book. This awareness led tQ a frostratiQn Qver the apparent lack Qf a mathematics Qf discQntinuity, a lack that was in the process of rapidly being QverCQme at that time.

Pulsed-Power Systems describes the physical and technical foundations for the production and application of high-voltage pulses of very high-power and high-energy character. In the initial chapters, it addresses materials, components and the most common diagnostics. In the second part, three categories of applications with scientific and industrial relevance are detailed: production of strong pulsed electric and magnetic fields, intense radiation sources and pulsed electric (plasma) discharges.

Iterative Splitting Methods for Differential Equations explains how to solve evolution equations via novel iterative-based splitting methods that efficiently use computational and memory resources. It focuses on systems of parabolic and hyperbolic equations, including convection-diffusion-reaction equations, heat equations, and wave equations.

In the theoretical part of the book, the author discusses the main theorems and results of the stability and consistency analysis for ordinary differential equations. He then presents extensions of the iterative splitting methods to partial differential equations and spatial- and time-dependent differential equations.

The practical part of the text applies the methods to benchmark and real-life problems, such as waste disposal, elastics wave propagation, and complex flow phenomena. The book also examines the benefits of equation decomposition. It concludes with a discussion on several useful software packages, including r3t and FIDOS.

Covering a wide range of theoretical and practical issues in multiphysics and multiscale problems, this book explores the benefits of using iterative splitting schemes to solve physical problems. It illustrates how iterative operator splitting methods are excellent decomposition methods for obtaining higher-order accuracy.

Continuing the theme of the first, this second volume continues the study of the uses and techniques of numerical experimentation in the solution of PDEs. It includes topics such as initial-boundary-value problems, a complete survey of theory and numerical methods for conservation laws, and numerical schemes for elliptic PDEs. The author stresses the use of technology and graphics throughout for both illustration and analysis.

The study of wall-bounded turbulent ows is of considerable interest from both scienti c and practical view points. As such it has attracted a great deal of research over the last 100 years. Much research has concentratedon ows over smooth walls since these are simpler from experimental, numerical and theoretical standpoints. The ow over rough walls has still received considerable attention but progress has necessarilybeenslower.Perhapsthemostessentialproblem(certainlyfromaprac- cal point of view) is to be able to predict the skin-frictiondrag acting on a plate (or a body) given a certain known roughness characteristic of the surface. Unfortunately this has proved to be very dif cult since even the simplest rough surfaces can be characterised by a number of different parameters and we still cannot directly c- nectthese tothe uiddynamicdragin a givensituation.Varioustheoriesandmodels have been proposed in order to make progress but there is still some disagreement in the community as to the correct understanding of these important ows.

"...The authors of this remarkable book are among the very few who have faced up to the challenge of explaining what an asymptotic expansion is, and of systematizing the handling of asymptotic series. The idea of using distributions is an original one, and we recommend that you read the book...[it] should be on your bookshelf if you are at all interested in knowing what an asymptotic series is." -"The Bulletin of Mathematics Books" (Review of the 1st edition) ** "...The book is a valuable one, one that many applied mathematicians may want to buy. The authors are undeniably experts in their field...most of the material has appeared in no other book." -"SIAM News" (Review of the 1st edition) This book is a modern introduction to asymptotic analysis intended not only for mathematicians, but for physicists, engineers, and graduate students as well. Written by two of the leading experts in the field, the text provides readers with a firm grasp of mathematical theory, and at the same time demonstrates applications in areas such as differential equations, quantum mechanics, noncommutative geometry, and number theory. Key features of this significantly expanded and revised second edition: * addition of a new chapter and many new sections * wide range of topics covered, including the Ces.ro behavior of distributions and their connections to asymptotic analysis, the study of time-domain asymptotics, and the use of series of Dirac delta functions to solve boundary value problems * novel approach detailing the interplay between underlying theories of asymptotic analysis and generalized functions * extensive examples and exercises at the end of each chapter * comprehensive bibliography and index This work is an excellent tool for the classroom and an invaluable self-study resource that will stimulate application of asymptotic

This book on canonical duality theory provides a comprehensive review of its philosophical origin, physics foundation, and mathematical statements in both finite- and infinite-dimensional spaces. A ground-breaking methodological theory, canonical duality theory can be used for modeling complex systems within a unified framework and for solving a large class of challenging problems in multidisciplinary fields in engineering, mathematics, and the sciences. This volume places a particular emphasis on canonical duality theory's role in bridging the gap between non-convex analysis/mechanics and global optimization. With 18 total chapters written by experts in their fields, this volume provides a nonconventional theory for unified understanding of the fundamental difficulties in large deformation mechanics, bifurcation/chaos in nonlinear science, and the NP-hard problems in global optimization. Additionally, readers will find a unified methodology and powerful algorithms for solving challenging problems in complex systems with real-world applications in non-convex analysis, non-monotone variational inequalities, integer programming, topology optimization, post-buckling of large deformed structures, etc. Researchers and graduate students will find explanation and potential applications in multidisciplinary fields.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Linear Statics

Volume 1: The Basis and Solids

Eugenio Onate

The two volumes of this book cover most of the theoretical and computational aspects of the linear static analysis of structures with the Finite Element Method (FEM). The content of the book is based on the lecture notes of a basic course on Structural Analysis with the FEM taught by the author at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona, Spain for the last 30 years.

Volume1 presents the basis of the FEM for structural analysis and a detailed description of the finite element formulation for axially loaded bars, plane elasticity problems, axisymmetric solids and general three dimensional solids. Each chapter describes the background theory for each structural model considered, details of the finite element formulation and guidelines for the application to structural engineering problems. The book includes a chapter on miscellaneous topics such as treatment of inclined supports, elastic foundations, stress smoothing, error estimation and adaptive mesh refinement techniques, among others. The text concludes with a chapter on the mesh generation and visualization of FEM results.

The book will be useful for students approaching the finite element analysis of structures for the first time, as well as for practising engineers interested in the details of the formulation and performance of the different finite elements for practical structural analysis.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Linear Statics

Volume 2: Beams, Plates and Shells

Eugenio Onate

The two volumes of this book cover most of the theoretical and computational aspects of the linear static analysis of structures with the Finite Element Method (FEM).The content of the book is based on the lecture notes of a basic course on Structural Analysis with the FEM taught by the author at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona, Spain for the last 30 years.

Volume 2 presents a detailed description of the finite element formulation for analysis of slender and thick beams, thin and thick plates, folded plate structures, axisymmetric shells, general curved shells, prismatic structures and three dimensional beams. Each chapter describes the background theory for each structural model considered, details of the finite element formulation and guidelines for the application to structural engineering problems Emphasis is put on the treatment of structures with layered composite materials.

The book will be useful for students approaching the finite element analysis of beam, plate and shell structures for the first time, as well as for practising engineers interested in the details of the formulation and performance of the different finite elements for practical structural analysis.

"

This textbook, designed for a single semester course, begins with basic set theory, and moves briskly through fundamental, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Limits and derivatives finish the preparation for economic applications, which are introduced in chapters on univariate functions, matrix algebra, and the constrained and unconstrained optimization of univariate and multivariate functions. The text finishes with chapters on integrals, the mathematics of finance, complex numbers, and differential and difference equations.

Rich in targeted examples and explanations, Mathematical Economics offers the utility of a handbook and the thorough treatment of a text. While the typical economics text is written for two semester applications, this text is focused on the essentials. Instructors and students are given the concepts in conjunction with specific examples and their solutions.

This volume comprises both research and survey articles originating from the conference on Arithmetic and Geometry around Quantization held in Istanbul in 2006. A wide range of topics related to quantization are covered, thus aiming to give a glimpse of a broad subject in very different perspectives.

In the modern world of gigantic datasets, which scientists and practioners of all fields of learning are confronted with, the availability of robust, scalable and easy-to-use methods for pattern recognition and data mining are of paramount importance, so as to be able to cope with the avalanche of data in a meaningful way. This concise and pedagogical research monograph introduces the reader to two specific aspects - clustering techniques and dimensionality reduction - in the context of complex network analysis. The first chapter provides a short introduction into relevant graph theoretical notation; chapter 2 then reviews and compares a number of cluster definitions from different fields of science. In the subsequent chapters, a first-principles approach to graph clustering in complex networks is developed using methods from statistical physics and the reader will learn, that even today, this field significantly contributes to the understanding and resolution of the related statistical inference issues. Finally, an application chapter examines real-world networks from the economic realm to show how the network clustering process can be used to deal with large, sparse datasets where conventional analyses fail.

Today, a major component of any project management effort is the combined use of qualitative and quantitative tools. While publications on qualitative approaches to project management are widely available, few project management books have focused on the quantitative approaches. This book represents the first major project management book with a practical focus on the quantitative approaches to project management. The book organizes quantitative techniques into an integrated framework for project planning, scheduling, and control. Numerous illustrative examples are presented. Topics covered in the book include PERT/CPM/PDM and extensions, mathematical project scheduling, heuristic project scheduling, project economics, statistical data analysis for project planning, computer simulation, assignment and transportation problems, and learning curve analysis. Chapter one gives a brief overview of project management, presenting a general-purpose project management model. Chapter two covers CPM, PERT, and PDM network techniques. Chapter three covers project scheduling subject to resource constraints. Chapter four covers project optimization. Chapter five discusses economic analysis for project planning and control. Chapter six discusses learning curve analysis. Chapter seven covers statistical data analysis for project planning and control. Chapter eight presents techniques for project analysis and selection. Tables and figures are used throughout the book to enhance the effectiveness of the discussions. This book is excellent as a textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in Industrial Engineering, Engineering Management, and Business, and as a detailed, comprehensive guidefor corporate management.

Provides a comprehensive treatment of fluid mechanics from the basic concepts to in-depth application problems. Covers waves, torrential rains, and tsunamis. Offers two distinct chapters on jet flows and turbulent flows. Includes numerous end-of-chapter problems. Features a Solutions Manual and MAPLE worksheets for instructor use.

This book introduces the basic concepts and methods that are useful in the statistical analysis and modeling of the DNA-based marker and phenotypic data that arise in agriculture, forestry, experimental biology, and other fields. It concentrates on the linkage analysis of markers, map construction and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, and assumes a background in regression analysis and maximum likelihood approaches. The strength of this book lies in the construction of general models and algorithms for linkage analysis, as well as in QTL mapping in any kind of crossed pedigrees initiated with inbred lines of crops.

This textbook effectively builds a bridge from basic number theory to recent advances in applied number theory. It presents the first unified account of the four major areas of application where number theory plays a fundamental role, namely cryptography, coding theory, quasi-Monte Carlo methods, and pseudorandom number generation, allowing the authors to delineate the manifold links and interrelations between these areas. Number theory, which Carl-Friedrich Gauss famously dubbed the queen of mathematics, has always been considered a very beautiful field of mathematics, producing lovely results and elegant proofs. While only very few real-life applications were known in the past, today number theory can be found in everyday life: in supermarket bar code scanners, in our cars' GPS systems, in online banking, etc. Starting with a brief introductory course on number theory in Chapter 1, which makes the book more accessible for undergraduates, the authors describe the four main application areas in Chapters 2-5 and offer a glimpse of advanced results that are presented without proofs and require more advanced mathematical skills. In the last chapter they review several further applications of number theory, ranging from check-digit systems to quantum computation and the organization of raster-graphics memory. Upper-level undergraduates, graduates and researchers in the field of number theory will find this book to be a valuable resource.

The Theory of the Top was originally presented by Felix Klein as an 1895 lecture at Gottingen University that was broadened in scope and clarified as a result of collaboration with Arnold Sommerfeld. The Theory of the Top: Volume III. Perturbations: Astronomical and Geophysical Applications is the third installment in a series of four self-contained English translations that provide insights into kinetic theory and kinematics."

The aim of this book is to extend the understanding of the fundamental role of generalizations of Lie and related non-commutative and non-associative structures in Mathematics and Physics. This is a thematic volume devoted to the interplay between several rapidly exp- ding research ?elds in contemporary Mathematics and Physics, such as generali- tions of the main structures of Lie theory aimed at quantization and discrete and non-commutative extensions of differential calculus and geometry, non-associative structures, actions of groups and semi-groups, non-commutative dynamics, n- commutative geometry and applications in Physics and beyond. The speci?c ?elds covered by this volume include: * Applications of Lie, non-associative and non-commutative associative structures to generalizations of classical and quantum mechanics and non-linear integrable systems, operadic and group theoretical methods; * Generalizations and quasi-deformations of Lie algebras such as color and super Lie algebras, quasi-Lie algebras, Hom-Lie algebras, in?nite-dimensional Lie algebras of vector ?elds associated to Riemann surfaces, quasi-Lie algebras of Witt type and their central extensions and deformations important for in- grable systems, for conformal ? eld theory and for string theory; * Non-commutative deformation theory, moduli spaces and interplay with n- commutativegeometry,algebraicgeometryandcommutativealgebra,q-deformed differential calculi and extensions of homological methods and structures; * Crossed product algebras and actions of groups and semi-groups, graded rings and algebras, quantum algebras, twisted generalizations of coalgebras and Hopf algebra structures such as Hom-coalgebras, Hom-Hopf algebras, and super Hopf algebras and their applications to bosonisation, parastatistics, parabosonic and parafermionic algebras, orthoalgebas and root systems in quantum mechanics;