This book includes problems based on the material in the course of physical kinetics for the students of general and applied physics. It contains 60 problems with detailed solutions. The comments to the problems reflect the connection with the problems and methods of modern physical kinetics. A brief introduction gives the necessary information for solving and understanding the problems. The book is proposed for students and postgraduates studying the theoretical physics. The book is used as a supplement to the textbooks published on physical kinetics. The purpose of the book is to help students in training the practical skills and mastering the basic elements of physical kinetics. To understand the subject matter, it is sufficient to know the traditional courses of theoretical physics.

This book offers a timely guide to fuzzy methods applied to the analysis of socioeconomic systems. It provides readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the algorithms, including the theory behind them, as well as practical considerations, current limitations and solutions. Each chapter focuses on a different economic problem, explaining step by step the process to approach it, using the corresponding fuzzy tools. The book covers elements of intuitionistic fuzzy logics, fuzzy entropy and the fuzzy DEMATEL method, a fuzzy approach to calculate the financial stability index. It also reports on some new models of social, financial and ecological security, and on a novel fuzzy method for evaluating the quality of development of information economy.

This book presents different thermodynamic approaches in the area of constitutive theory: thermodynamics of irreversible processes, rational thermodynamics, and extended thermodynamics. These different approaches are analyzed with respect to their presuppositions, as well as to their results, and each method is applied to several important examples. In many cases these examples are archetypes for numerous technologically important materials; i.e. complex materials having an internal structure. Some of the examples dealt with in this book are liquid crystals, colloid suspensions, ans fiber suspensions. The book well serves students and researchers who have basic knowledge in continuum mechanics and thermodynamics. It provides a systematic overview of the vast field of thermodynamic constitutive theory, beginning from a historical perspective and concluding with outstanding questions in recent research.

This book reports on current challenges in bridge engineering faced by professionals around the globe, giving a special emphasis to recently developed techniques and methods for bridge design, construction and monitoring. Based on extended and revised papers selected from outstanding presentation at the Istanbul Bridge Conference 2018, held from November 5 - 6, 2018, in Istanbul, Turkey, and by highlighting major bridge studies, spanning from numerical and modeling studies to the applications of new construction techniques and monitoring systems, this book is intended to promote high standards in modern bridge engineering. It offers a timely reference to both academics and professionals in this field.

Mathematics for Physicists is a relatively short volume covering all the essential mathematics needed for a typical first degree in physics, from a starting point that is compatible with modern school mathematics syllabuses. Early chapters deliberately overlap with senior school mathematics, to a degree that will depend on the background of the individual reader, who may quickly skip over those topics with which he or she is already familiar. The rest of the book covers the mathematics that is usually compulsory for all students in their first two years of a typical university physics degree, plus a little more. There are worked examples throughout the text, and chapter-end problem sets. Mathematics for Physicists features: * Interfaces with modern school mathematics syllabuses * All topics usually taught in the first two years of a physics degree * Worked examples throughout * Problems in every chapter, with answers to selected questions at the end of the book and full solutions on a website This text will be an excellent resource for undergraduate students in physics and a quick reference guide for more advanced students, as well as being appropriate for students in other physical sciences, such as astronomy, chemistry and earth sciences.

This book describes the variety of direct and indirect population size estimation (PSE) methods available along with their strengths and weaknesses. Direct estimation methods, such as enumeration and mapping, involve contact with members of hard-to-reach groups. Indirect methods have practical appeal because they require no contact with members of hard-to-reach groups. One indirect method in particular, network scale-up (NSU), has several strengths over other PSE methods: It can be applied at a province/country level, it can estimate size of several hard-to-reach population in a single study, and it is implemented with members of the general population rather than members of hard-to-reach groups. The book discusses methods to collect, analyze, and adjust results and presents methods to triangulate and finalize PSEs.

This book contains high-quality papers presented at the First International Forum on Financial Mathematics and Financial Technology. With the rapid development of FinTech, the in-depth integration between mathematics, finance and advanced technology is the general trend. This book focuses on selected aspects of the current and upcoming trends in FinTech. In detail, the included scientific papers focus on financial mathematics and FinTech, presenting the innovative mathematical models and state-of-the-art technologies such as deep learning, with the aim to improve our financial analysis and decision-making and enhance the quality of financial services and risk control. The variety of the papers delivers added value for both scholars and practitioners where they will find perfect integration of elegant mathematical models and up-to-date data mining technologies in financial market analysis.

Reliability is a fundamental criterium in engineering systems. This book shows innovative concepts and applications of mathematics in solving reliability problems. The contents address in particular the interaction between engineers and mathematicians, as well as the cross-fertilization in the advancement of science and technology. It bridges the gap between theory and practice to aid in practical problem-solving in various contexts.

This thesis is concerned with flows through cascades, i.e. periodic arrays of obstacles. Such geometries are relevant to a range of physical scenarios, chiefly the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of turbomachinery flows. Despite the fact that turbomachinery is of paramount importance to a number of industries, many of the underlying mechanisms in cascade flows remain opaque. In order to clarify the function of different physical parameters, the author considers six separate problems. For example, he explores the significance of realistic blade geometries in predicting turbomachinery performance, and the possibility that porous blades can achieve noise reductions. In order to solve these challenging problems, the author deploys and indeed develops techniques from across the spectrum of complex analysis: the Wiener-Hopf method, Riemann-Hilbert problems, and the Schottky-Klein prime function all feature prominently. These sophisticated tools are then used to elucidate the underlying mathematical and physical structures present in cascade flows. The ensuing solutions greatly extend previous works and offer new avenues for future research. The results are not of simply academic value but are also useful for aircraft designers seeking to balance aeroacoustic and aerodynamic effects.

Science often deals with hard-to-see phenomena, and they only stand out and become real when viewed through the lens of complex statistical tools. This book is not a textbook about statistics applied to science - there are already many excellent books to choose from - rather, it tries to give an overview of the basic principles that physical scientists use to analyze their data and bring out the order of Nature from the fog of background noise.

The objective of this book is to construct a rigorous mathematical approach to linear hereditary problems of wave propagation theory and demonstrate the efficiency of mathematical theorems in hereditary mechanics. By using both real end complex Tauberian techniques for the Laplace transform, a classification of near-front asymptotics of solutions to considered equations is given-depending on the singularity character of the memory function. The book goes on to derive the description of the behavior of these solutions and demonstrates the importance of nonlinear Laplace transform in linear hereditary elasticity. This book is of undeniable value to researchers working in areas of mathematical physics and related fields.

Electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography are the two most efficient techniques to study the functional brain. This book completely aswers the fundamental mathematical question of uniqueness of the representations obtained using these techniques, and also covers many other concrete results for special geometric models of the brain, presenting the research of the authors and their groups in the last two decades.

Besides their well-known value in number theory, continued fractions are also a useful tool in modern numerical applications and computer science. The goal of the book is to revisit the almost forgotten classical theory and to contextualize it for contemporary numerical applications and signal processing, thus enabling students and scientist to apply classical mathematics on recent problems. The books tries to be mostly self-contained and to make the material accessible for all interested readers. This provides a new view from an applied perspective, combining the classical recursive techniques of continued fractions with orthogonal problems, moment problems, Prony's problem of sparse recovery and the design of stable rational filters, which are all connected by continued fractions.

The book consists of high-quality papers presented at the International Conference on Computational Science and Applications (ICCSA 2019), held at Maharashtra Institute of Technology World Peace University, Pune, India, from 7 to 9 August 2019. It covers the latest innovations and developments in information and communication technology, discussing topics such as soft computing and intelligent systems, web of sensor networks, drone operating systems, web of sensor networks, wearable smart sensors, automated guided vehicles and many more.

This book provides a unique and comprehensive overview of the latest advances, challenges and accomplishments in the rapidly growing field of theoretical and computational materials science. Today, an increasing number of industrial communities rely more and more on advanced atomic-scale methods to obtain reliable predictions of materials properties, complement qualitative experimental analyses and circumvent experimental difficulties. The book examines some of the latest and most advanced simulation techniques currently available, as well as up-to-date theoretical approaches adopted by a selected panel of twelve international research teams. It covers a wide range of novel and advanced materials, exploring their structural, elastic, optical, mass and electronic transport properties. The cutting-edge techniques presented appeal to physicists, applied mathematicians and engineers interested in advanced simulation methods in materials science. The book can also be used as additional literature for undergraduate and postgraduate students with majors in physics, chemistry, applied mathematics and engineering.

The volume reports on interdisciplinary discussions and interactions between theoretical research and practical studies on geometric structures and their applications in architecture, the arts, design, education, engineering, and mathematics. These related fields of research can enrich each other and renew their mutual interest in these topics through networks of shared inspiration, and can ultimately enhance the quality of geometry and graphics education. Particular attention is dedicated to the contributions that women have made to the scientific community and especially mathematics. The book introduces engineers, architects and designers interested in computer applications, graphics and geometry to the latest advances in the field, with a particular focus on science, the arts and mathematics education.

The revised edition gives a comprehensive mathematical and physical presentation of fluid flows in non-classical models of convection - relevant in nature as well as in industry. After the concise coverage of fluid dynamics and heat transfer theory it discusses recent research. This monograph provides the theoretical foundation on a topic relevant to metallurgy, ecology, meteorology, geo-and astrophysics, aerospace industry, chemistry, crystal physics, and many other fields.

This book presents the state of the art in the relatively new field of dynamic economic modelling with regime switches. The contributions, written by prominent scholars in the field, focus on dynamic decision problems with regime changes in underlying dynamics or objectives. Such changes can be externally driven or internally induced by decisions. Utilising the most advanced mathematical methods in optimal control and dynamic game theory, the authors address a broad range of topics, including capital accumulation, innovations, financial decisions, population economics, environmental and resource economics, institutional change and the dynamics of addiction. Given its scope, the book will appeal to all scholars interested in mathematical and quantitative economics.

This book deals with mathematical modeling, namely, it describes the mathematical model of heat transfer in a silicon cathode of small (nano) dimensions with the possibility of partial melting taken into account. This mathematical model is based on the phase field system, i.e., on a contemporary generalization of Stefan-type free boundary problems. The approach used is not purely mathematical but is based on the understanding of the solution structure (construction and study of asymptotic solutions) and computer calculations. The book presents an algorithm for numerical solution of the equations of the mathematical model including its parallel implementation. The results of numerical simulation concludes the book. The book is intended for specialists in the field of heat transfer and field emission processes and can be useful for senior students and postgraduates.

This book presents the recent computational developments inspired by swarms in art known as swarm art and discusses applying swarm intelligence concepts in architecture. Non-human art is a great leap in the evolution of contemporary art, removing the requirement of an artist's production from the creative process. Furthermore, it is a critical declaration in opposition to the anthropomorphic vision which is so destructive for all other life forms and the planet's ecology. When accepted and integrated into human culture, non-human art done by artificial systems or machines boosts creativity and stimulates innovative fusions. We analyze 120 swarm systems with unique and diverse conceptual contexts, agent design, and audience engagement that can be utilized as inspiration for future projects or to design new swarm algorithms by artists, architects, or computer scientists.

Quantum mechanics is arguably one of the most successful scientific theories ever and its applications to chemistry, optics, and information theory are innumerable. This book provides the reader with a rigorous treatment of the main mathematical tools from harmonic analysis which play an essential role in the modern formulation of quantum mechanics. This allows us at the same time to suggest some new ideas and methods, with a special focus on topics such as the Wigner phase space formalism and its applications to the theory of the density operator and its entanglement properties. This book can be used with profit by advanced undergraduate students in mathematics and physics, as well as by confirmed researchers.

This PhD thesis documents two of the highest-profile searches for supersymmetry performed at the ATLAS experiment using up to 80/fb of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV delivered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during its Run 2 (2015-2018). The signals of interest feature a high multiplicity of jets originating from the hadronisation of b-quarks and large missing transverse momentum, which constitutes one of the most promising final state signatures for discovery of new phenomena at the LHC. The first search is focused on the strong production of a pair of gluinos, with each gluino decaying into a neutralino and a top-antitop-quark pair or a bottom-antibottom-quark pair. The second search targets the pair production of higgsinos, with each higgsino decaying into a gravitino and a Higgs boson, which in turn is required to decay into a bottom-antibottom-quark pair. Both searches employ state-of-the-art experimental techniques and analysis strategies at the LHC, resulting in some of the most restrictive bounds available to date on the masses of the gluino,neutralino, and higgsino in the context of the models explored.