Learn about the Physics of the Wheel Translational and Rotational Motion, Acceleration, Velocity, & Friction In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of the wheel, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Motion Detector Rotational Motion Detector Wireless Dynamics Sensor System Dual-Range Force Sensor This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. These data from a Halls Carriage, roller skates, and roller blades on flat surfaces, inclined planes, and surfaces with different types of friction can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. Bonus Material: Measurements and pictures of skates and rollerblades, comparison measurement data for ice skates, and data regarding the stability of roller skates (force required to tip in each direction).

Learn about the Physics of Boats Translational Motion, Rotational Motion, & Harmonic Oscillation In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of watercraft, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Wireless Dynamics Sensor System Dual-Range Force Meter This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show data collected from containers, toy boats, and recreational floating devices on indoor and outdoor pools of water. These data can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. Bonus Material: Pictures of boats in different positions for drift analyses in the x-y plane.

This paper investigates the effect that the bulk lubricant concentration has on the non-adiabatic lubricant excess surface density on a roughened, horizontal flat pool-boiling surface. Both pool boiling heat transfer data and lubricant excess surface density data are given for pure R134a and three different mixtures of R134a and a polyolester lubricant (POE). A spectrofluorometer was used to measure the lubricant excess density that was established by the boiling of a R134a/POE lubricant mixture on a test surface. The lubricant is preferentially drawn out of the bulk refrigerant/lubricant mixture by the boiling process and accumulates on the surface in excess of the bulk concentration. The excess lubricant resides in an approximately 40 mm layer onthe surface and influences the boiling performance. The lubricant excess surface density measurements were used to modify an existing dimensionless excess surface density parameter so that it is valid for different reduced pressures. The dimensionless parameter is a key component for a refrigerant/lubricant pool boiling model given in the literature. In support of improving the boiling model, both the excess measurements and heat transfer data are provided for pure R134a and three R134a/lubricant mixtures at 277.6 K. The heat transfer data shows that the lubricant excess layer causes an average enhancement of the heat flux of approximately 50 % for the 0.5 % lubricant mass fraction mixture relative to pure R134a heat fluxes between 4 kW/m2 and 20 kW/m2. Conversely, both the 1 % and the 2 % lubricant mass fraction mixtures experienced an average degradation of approximately 60 % in the heat flux relative to pure R134a heat fluxes between approximately 4 kW/m2 and 20 kW/m2. This study is an effort toward generating data that can be used to support a boiling model that can be used to predict whether lubricants degrade or improve boiling performance.

In this report, we describe an extended corresponding states model for viscosity and thermal conductivity of mixtures implemented in version 8 of the NIST computer program REFPROP. The model is a modification of a one-fluid, extended corresponding states (ECS) model for thermal conductivity and viscosity originally developed by Ely and Hanley (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 1981, 20:323-332). We apply the model to selected mixtures representative of the fluids available in the NIST 23 database REFPROP (v8) such as refrigerants and natural gas constituent fluids, and present comparisons with experimental data. Comparisons are given for both gas, liquid, and supercritical conditions.

This publication provides guidelines for evaluating data from advanced mass calibrations and for establishing measurement assurance programs in precision mass calibration laboratories. The NIST Weights and Measures Division (WMD) will use these guidelines when evaluating advanced mass calibration data for State laboratories that request technical support, Recognition, and/or National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) accreditation.Advanced mass calibrations use weighing designs, such as those found in NBS Handbook 145 (SOP 4, 5), NISTIR 6969, Selected Publications, NBS Technical Note 952, and the NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods that require the use of computer software (mass code) for the data reduction. These weighing designs are normally used when high precision (low uncertainty) mass measurement results are sought, although weighing designs can be used at any uncertainty level. The uncertainty reported using advanced weighing designs is based on the historically observed process of similar measurements and is very dependent upon correct procedures for defining these processes.

Learn about the Physics of Balls Focus: Falling & Bouncing Force, Trajectory, Velocity, & Acceleration In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of balls, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Force Plate Motion Detector Air Pressure Gauge This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. A shortened version of Volume 1 in this series, the Economy Edition presents data on bouncing balls in black-and-white for an ultra-low price. Sports balls include basketball, soccer, volleyball, dodgeball, baseball, tennis, golf, and ping pong. Experiments include bouncing on different surfaces and dropping from various heights, comparison between safety and real balls (baseball and golf), and various air pressure readings, where applicable. The graphs and data contained in this book can be used by teachers and parents to supplement traditional lesson plans.

In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of sound production, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Sound Pressure Meter (Microphone) This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. This book contains data collected from a violin, alto recorder, flute, clarinet, and trumpet. Graphs display the tone quality associated with correct and incorrect techniques on these instruments. Also demonstrated in graphs are various common articulations (legato, staccato, accent, tenuto) and bowing techniques (legato, spiccato, pizzicato, accents, and clicks), with differences between steel core are perlon core strings as a focus for discussion. Later sections of the book elucidate common elements of phrasing and style, such as two-note slurs and short phrases, with graphical analysis. A final section includes graphs of short musical phrases without explanation, for readers to analyze. Bonus Material: Appendices include reprints of reference materials from Volume 1 for convenience, including comparison data, graphs of data for different types of microphone setups (mono, stereo, traditional stereo, &, x-y configuration) and graphs of theoretically calculated harmonic waves.

This book is both an introduction and a demonstration of how Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) can greatly enhance Microsoft Excel (R) by giving users the ability to create their own functions within a worksheet and to create subroutines to perform repetitive actions. The book is written so readers are encouraged to experiment with VBA programming with examples using fairly simple physics or non-complicated mathematics such as root finding and numerical integration. Tested Excel (R) workbooks are available for each chapter and there is nothing to buy or install.

In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of sound production, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Sound Level Meter Tuner This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. These data from musical instruments (strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion) can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. The musical instruments in this book include violin, flute, clarinet, saxophone, oboe and bassoon reeds, trumpet, trombone, 5 types of recorders (garklein, sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, and bass), xylophone, drum pad, cymbals, gong, maracas, guiro, claves, triangle, maracas, wood block, castanets, Tibetan bowl, tuning fork, and voice. Bonus Material: Charts comparing tuning systems, instructions on calculating frequencies for different notes and scales, and derivation of the power series underlying just intonation tuning and scales are included. Pictures of the scientific instruments and musical instruments used in Volumes 1 and 2, sample setup pictures and discussion questions regarding laboratory equipment, and pictures of a comparison hydraulic experiment are also included. Notiz: Deutsch Ausgabe separat erhaltlich

The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) is the ultimate tool to see and measure structures on the nanoscale and to probe their elemental composition and electronic structure with sub-nanometer spatial resolution. Recent technological breakthroughs have revolutionized our understanding of materials via use of the TEM, and it promises to become a significant tool in understanding biological and biomolecular systems such as viruses and DNA molecules. This book is a practical guide for scientists who need to use the TEM as a tool to answer questions about physical and chemical phenomena on the nanoscale.

In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of sound production, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Sound Level Meter Tuner This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. These data from musical instruments (strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion) can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. The musical instruments in this book include violin, flute, clarinet, saxophone, oboe and bassoon reeds, trumpet, trombone, 5 types of recorders (garklein, sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, and bass), xylophone, drum pad, cymbals, gong, maracas, guiro, claves, triangle, maracas, wood block, castanets, Tibetan bowl, tuning fork, and voice. Bonus Material: Charts comparing tuning systems, instructions on calculating frequencies for different notes and scales, and derivation of the power series underlying just intonation tuning and scales are included. Pictures of the scientific instruments and musical instruments used in Volumes 1 and 2, sample setup pictures and discussion questions regarding laboratory equipment, and pictures of a comparison hydraulic experiment are also included. Notiz: Deutsch Ausgabe separat erhaltlich

In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of sound production, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Gas Pressure Sensor Anemometer (Wind Speed) Dual-Range Force Sensor Sound Pressure Meter (Microphone) This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. These data from musical instruments (strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion) can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. The musical instruments analyzed include violin, flute, clarinet, saxophone, oboe and bassoon reeds, trumpet, trombone, 5 types of recorders (garklein, sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, and bass), xylophone, drum pad, cymbals, gong, maracas, guiro, claves, triangle, maracas, wood block, castanets, Tibetan bowl, tuning fork, and voice. Bonus Material: Graphs of data for different types of microphone setups (mono, stereo, traditional stereo, &, x-y configuration), graphs of theoretically calculated harmonic waves, and selected instrument measurement specifications are included. Plus, graphs from a simple pneumatic experiment provide contrast and context for the science of music. Notiz: Deutsch Ausgabe separat erhaltlich

In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of sound production, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Gas Pressure Sensor Anemometer (Wind Speed) Dual-Range Force Sensor Sound Pressure Meter (Microphone) This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. These data from musical instruments (strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion) can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. The musical instruments analyzed include violin, flute, clarinet, saxophone, oboe and bassoon reeds, trumpet, trombone, 5 types of recorders (garklein, sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, and bass), xylophone, drum pad, cymbals, gong, maracas, guiro, claves, triangle, maracas, wood block, castanets, Tibetan bowl, tuning fork, and voice. Bonus Material: Graphs of data for different types of microphone setups (mono, stereo, traditional stereo, &, x-y configuration), graphs of theoretically calculated harmonic waves, and selected instrument measurement specifications are included. Plus, graphs from a simple pneumatic experiment provide contrast and context for the science of music. Notiz: Deutsch Ausgabe separat erhaltlich

This book provides an overview of the fundamental principles of electronics that are of particular relevance to biologists. This primer is aimed at non-engineers looking for background in the electric circuit concepts needed for studying ion channels, electrophysiology and MRI imaging, the basics of the proper use of amplifiers and filters, and the use of computers to acquire data and control experiments.