Learn about the Physics of Home Energy Usage Watts, Voltage, & Current In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of home energy usage, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instrument: Watts Up Pro Sensor This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. This book contains data and graphs pertaining to home energy usage, including light bulbs and appliances commonly found in the office, living room, kitchen, and garage. Graphs show energy usage for multiple items, including 8 light bulbs tested alone and in series. Appliances are tested, including comparison of different power levels or speeds where relevant. This data can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. Bonus Material: Pictures of light bulbs provide additional information about energy-efficient design.

Learn about the Physics of Trains Motion, Acceleration, & Velocity Electricity & Magnetism In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of trains, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Watts Up Pro Sensor Magnetic Field Sensor Voltage Meter Video Analysis This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. These data from an electric train moving on flat and inclined tracks. Graphs show data of Watts, including usage at minimum and maximum velocity and variations due to number of cars and length of track. Additional analyses examine the magnetic field and voltage of the electric track, comparing it to other phenomena. Basic analyses of movement, velocity, and acceleration are also included, based on video analysis techniques. These graphs can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents.

Learn about the Physics of Hockey Field, Street, & Ice Hockey Force, Motion, Velocity, & Acceleration In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of hockey, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Video Analysis Dual-Range Force Meter This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show the motion of hockey balls and pucks as they move across a variety of surfaces. Data are presented for a field hockey ball, two street hockey balls (high density and low density), an official ice hockey puck, a practice ice hockey puck, and an air hockey table puck. Surfaces include carpet, wood, ice, synthetic ice, and air table with and without the friction-reducing effects of air. Additional coordinated graphs show the impact forces associated with movement over a flat surface, as well as the forces required to push a puck continuously for a specific distance. Graphs of collisions between moving objects (balls/pucks) and a wood sideboard are also included. These data can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents.

Learn about the Physics of Music Performance Joint Angles & Respiration In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of sound production, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Goniometer Spirometer This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show joint angles and motions required for holding and playing instruments, singing, and conducting. Additional graphs show breathing patterns associated with performing on wind instruments and voice, including a comparison of normal breathing with the various types of controlled breathing required for performing on woodwinds and brass. The musical instruments analyzed include piano, violin, guitar, recorder, flute, clarinet, saxophone, oboe and bassoon reeds, trumpet, trombone, mallet percussion, snare drum, and accessory percussion, plus voice and conducting. These data can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents.

Learn about the Physics of Music Performance Joint Angles & Respiration In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of sound production, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Goniometer Spirometer This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show joint angles and motions required for holding and playing instruments, singing, and conducting. Additional graphs show breathing patterns associated with performing on wind instruments and voice, including a comparison of normal breathing with the various types of controlled breathing required for performing on woodwinds and brass. The musical instruments analyzed include piano, violin, guitar, recorder, flute, clarinet, saxophone, oboe and bassoon reeds, trumpet, trombone, mallet percussion, snare drum, and accessory percussion, plus voice and conducting. These data can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents.

Learn about the Physics of Exercise Equipment Translational & Rotational Motion Force, Velocity & Acceleration In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of exercise equipment, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Force Plate Dual-Range Force Sensor Wireless Dynamics Sensor System This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs present data from common exercise equipment, including weightlifting, elastic straps, and stationary bicycles. These data can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. Bonus Material: Diagrams show the exercises as demonstrated by the cartoon character Blue Dude. These diagrams are included only for the purpose of illustrating the positions, and do not provide instruction for exercise.

Learn about the Physics of Toys Translational Motion Position, Velocity, & Acceleration Work, Force, Gravity, & Friction Potential & Kinetic Energy In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of toys, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instrument: Dual-Range Force Sensor This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show the force applied over time as blocks and dominoes are pushed on flat and inclined planes. Analyses include both wood and metal surfaces. Graphs can be used to calculate velocity, force, friction, work, potential energy, and kinetic energy. These data can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents.

Learn about the Physics of Balls Focus: Rolling & Colliding Force, Trajectory, Velocity, & Acceleration In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of balls, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Force Plate Motion Detector Dual-Range Force Sensor This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show the motion of baseballs, basketballs, soccer balls, volleyballs, dodge balls, golf balls, tennis balls, ping pong balls, and toy balls as they roll and collide with a force plate. Balls are rolled on flat surfaces and inclined planes. Special features include the comparison of an official baseball with a safety baseball and a plastic baseball, and the comparison of an official golf ball with a foam golf ball and a plastic golf ball. The graphs and data contained in this book can be used by teachers and parents to supplement traditional lesson plans.

Learn about the Physics of Balls Focus: Projectile Motion Force, Trajectory, Velocity, & Acceleration In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of balls, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Video Analysis This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show the motion of baseballs, basketballs, soccer balls, volleyballs, dodge balls, golf balls, tennis balls, ping pong balls, and toy balls as they fly through the air. Balls are tossed into the air, and the motion is videotaped and analyzed in graphs. Special features include the comparison of an official baseball with a safety baseball and a plastic baseball, and the comparison of an official golf ball with a foam golf ball and a plastic golf ball. The graphs and data contained in this book can be used by teachers and parents to supplement traditional lesson plans.

Learn about the Physics of Balls Focus: Falling & Bouncing Force, Trajectory, Velocity, & Acceleration In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of balls, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Force Plate Motion Detector Air Pressure Gauge This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show the motion of baseballs, basketballs, soccer balls, volleyballs, dodge balls, golf balls, tennis balls, ping pong balls, and toy balls as they fall and bounce. Balls are bounced on different surfaces, including wood, linoleum, carpet, concrete, foam, and a force plate. Special features include the comparison of an official baseball with a safety baseball and a plastic baseball, and the comparison of an official golf ball with a foam golf ball and a plastic golf ball. Data also compare the motion of a basketball, soccer ball, and volley ball with different inflation pressures. The graphs and data contained in this book can be used by teachers and parents to supplement traditional lesson plans.

Learn about the Physics of Balls Focus: Rolling & Colliding Force, Trajectory, Velocity, & Acceleration In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of balls, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Force Plate Motion Detector Dual-Range Force Sensor This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show the motion of baseballs, basketballs, soccer balls, volleyballs, dodge balls, golf balls, tennis balls, ping pong balls, and toy balls as they roll and collide with a force plate. Balls are rolled on flat surfaces and inclined planes. Special features include the comparison of an official baseball with a safety baseball and a plastic baseball, and the comparison of an official golf ball with a foam golf ball and a plastic golf ball. The graphs and data contained in this book can be used by teachers and parents to supplement traditional lesson plans.

Learn about the Physics of Vehicular Motion Translational and Rotational Motion Acceleration, Velocity, & Friction In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of vehicular motion promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Wireless Dynamics Sensor System This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show data from two radio-controlled vehicles, a car and a Hummer, on different types of flat and inclined surfaces. Surfaces include tar with and without gravel, hard and soft plastic surfaces, dirt, and ice, with different inclines and curves. The data include safe travel, as well as plenty of rollovers, spin-outs, and accidents, plus two-car collisions. The graphs and data contained in this lab manual can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents.

Learn about the Physics of Trains Translational and Rotational Motion, Acceleration, Velocity, & Friction In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of trains, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Motion Detector Rotational Motion Detector Dual-Range Force Meter Wireless Motion Dynamics System This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. These data from several model trains, including unpowered electric 0-scale, wind-up, and battery-powered trains moving on flat and inclined tracks. These graphs can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. Bonus Material: Pictures of trains and measurements provide material for additional analysis.

Learn about the Physics of Vehicular Motion Translational and Rotational Motion Acceleration, Velocity, & Friction In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of vehicular motion promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Wireless Dynamics Sensor System Rotational Motion Detector This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show data from two radio-controlled vehicles, a car and a Hummer, on different types of flat and inclined surfaces. Of special interest, some graphs include the motion of vehicles on ice and water, while crossing railroad tracks, and moving through valleys and hills. The data include safe travel, as well as plenty of rollovers, spin-outs, and accidents. The graphs and data contained in this lab manual can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents.

Learn about the Physics of the Wheel Translational and Rotational Motion, Acceleration, Velocity, & Friction In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of the wheel, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Motion Detector Rotational Motion Detector Wireless Dynamics Sensor System Dual-Range Force Sensor This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. These data from a Halls Carriage, roller skates, and roller blades on flat surfaces, inclined planes, and surfaces with different types of friction can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. Bonus Material: Measurements and pictures of skates and rollerblades, comparison measurement data for ice skates, and data regarding the stability of roller skates (force required to tip in each direction).

Learn about the Physics of Boats Translational Motion, Rotational Motion, & Harmonic Oscillation In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to the science of watercraft, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Wireless Dynamics Sensor System Dual-Range Force Meter This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show data collected from containers, toy boats, and recreational floating devices on indoor and outdoor pools of water. These data can be used for lesson plans by teachers and parents. Bonus Material: Pictures of boats in different positions for drift analyses in the x-y plane.

This paper investigates the effect that the bulk lubricant concentration has on the non-adiabatic lubricant excess surface density on a roughened, horizontal flat pool-boiling surface. Both pool boiling heat transfer data and lubricant excess surface density data are given for pure R134a and three different mixtures of R134a and a polyolester lubricant (POE). A spectrofluorometer was used to measure the lubricant excess density that was established by the boiling of a R134a/POE lubricant mixture on a test surface. The lubricant is preferentially drawn out of the bulk refrigerant/lubricant mixture by the boiling process and accumulates on the surface in excess of the bulk concentration. The excess lubricant resides in an approximately 40 mm layer onthe surface and influences the boiling performance. The lubricant excess surface density measurements were used to modify an existing dimensionless excess surface density parameter so that it is valid for different reduced pressures. The dimensionless parameter is a key component for a refrigerant/lubricant pool boiling model given in the literature. In support of improving the boiling model, both the excess measurements and heat transfer data are provided for pure R134a and three R134a/lubricant mixtures at 277.6 K. The heat transfer data shows that the lubricant excess layer causes an average enhancement of the heat flux of approximately 50 % for the 0.5 % lubricant mass fraction mixture relative to pure R134a heat fluxes between 4 kW/m2 and 20 kW/m2. Conversely, both the 1 % and the 2 % lubricant mass fraction mixtures experienced an average degradation of approximately 60 % in the heat flux relative to pure R134a heat fluxes between approximately 4 kW/m2 and 20 kW/m2. This study is an effort toward generating data that can be used to support a boiling model that can be used to predict whether lubricants degrade or improve boiling performance.

In this report, we describe an extended corresponding states model for viscosity and thermal conductivity of mixtures implemented in version 8 of the NIST computer program REFPROP. The model is a modification of a one-fluid, extended corresponding states (ECS) model for thermal conductivity and viscosity originally developed by Ely and Hanley (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 1981, 20:323-332). We apply the model to selected mixtures representative of the fluids available in the NIST 23 database REFPROP (v8) such as refrigerants and natural gas constituent fluids, and present comparisons with experimental data. Comparisons are given for both gas, liquid, and supercritical conditions.

This publication provides guidelines for evaluating data from advanced mass calibrations and for establishing measurement assurance programs in precision mass calibration laboratories. The NIST Weights and Measures Division (WMD) will use these guidelines when evaluating advanced mass calibration data for State laboratories that request technical support, Recognition, and/or National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) accreditation.Advanced mass calibrations use weighing designs, such as those found in NBS Handbook 145 (SOP 4, 5), NISTIR 6969, Selected Publications, NBS Technical Note 952, and the NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods that require the use of computer software (mass code) for the data reduction. These weighing designs are normally used when high precision (low uncertainty) mass measurement results are sought, although weighing designs can be used at any uncertainty level. The uncertainty reported using advanced weighing designs is based on the historically observed process of similar measurements and is very dependent upon correct procedures for defining these processes.