The functional anatomy of human somatosensory cortex is of both scientific and clinical interest. Scientifically, it provides insights in information processing in the human brain. Clinically, it helps to avoid neurological deficits by sparing essential brain regions during neurosurgical procedures adjacent to central fissure. In the present study the functional organization of the human somatosensory cortex was investigated with electrophysiological techniques using a combined approach of cortical stimulations and somatosensory evoked responses on electrocorticography, scalp-EEG, and magnetoencephalography. The spatiotemporal structure of the evoked response was studiedwith biophysical modeling techniqueswhich allowed identification of the three-dimensional intracerebral location, time activity, and interaction of the neuronal sources activated following peripheral somatosensory stimulation. Furthermore, the somatotopic organization ofhand and lip somatosensory cortex was investigated. The relative value of invasive (cortical stimulations and electrocorticography) and non-invasive (scalp-EEGand magnetoencephalography) was assessed. The combined use ofscalp-EEG and magnetoencephalography was useful to increase non-invasive localization accuracy. I want to thank several people who significantly contributed in completion of the present work. Univ. -Prof Dr. Luder Deecke, Chairman of the Neurological University Clinic, Vienna, Austria, supported me throughout my career at the Neurological University Clinic in Vienna since 1985. Dr. William W Sutherling, Associate Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, who was my advisor during my stay from 1987-1989 at the Department ofNeurology, University of California, Los Angeles where most of the present work was done.

The market leader for the full-year organic laboratory, this manual derives many experiments and procedures from the classic Feiser lab text, giving it an unsurpassed reputation for solid, authoritative content. The book includes new experiments that stress greener chemistry, updated NMR spectra, and a Premium Website that includes glassware-specific videos with pre-lab exercises. Offering a flexible mix of macroscale and microscale options for most experiments, this proven manual allows users to save on the purchase and disposal of expensive, sometimes hazardous organic chemicals. Macroscale versions can be used for less costly experiments, giving readers experience working with conventionally sized glassware.

Medical researchers including doctors, nurses, medical students and allied health professionals are required to undertake a period of research as part of their career pathway. This book covers the main areas, allowing anyone to set up and complete research projects and this information can easily be translated to clinical projects. Written by international authors to provide a flavor from many institutions, the booka (TM)s appeal is cross-sectional, both at hospital and primary care levels worldwide.

Section A, the most important area in the book, covers the hardest step - setting up research (i.e. initial paperwork and funding projects). Section B is technical, covering modern laboratory techniques for laboratory-based research. Section C tackles data collation and analysis and the presentation of the results (oral and written).

The book is directed at all doctors, medical students, and individuals in related specialities, either in research or considering research (e.g. MD, PhD, MSc and Intercalated BSc).

This book aims to provide an introduction to the major techniques of chemoinformatics. It is the first text written specifically for this field. The first part of the book deals with the representation of 2D and 3D molecular structures, the calculation of molecular descriptors and the construction of mathematical models. The second part describes other important topics including molecular similarity and diversity, the analysis of large data sets, virtual screening, and library design. Simple illustrative examples are used throughout to illustrate key concepts, supplemented with case studies from the literature.

This book introduces the reader to the power of observation before, and sometimes instead of, experimental manipulation in the study of animal behavior. It starts with simple and easily accessible methods suitable for student projects, before going on to demonstrate the possibilities that now exist for far more sophisticated analyses of observational data. At a time when animal welfare considerations are attracting political as well as scientific debate, the potential for non-intrusive studies on animals is being increasingly recognized. Observation emerges as a valuable alternative approach, often yielding highly informative results in situations (such as on zoos, farms or for wild animals) where more invasive experimental techniques would be undesirable, unethical or just plain impossible. However, to justify its place alongside experimentation as a rigorous scientific method, observation needs to be just as disciplined and systematic and have just as much attention paid to project design in the way that observations are made and recorded.
Observing Animal Behaviour takes the reader through all these stages: from the initial observations, to the formulation of hypotheses, and their subsequent testing with further systematic observations. Although designed principally as a companion text for advanced undergraduate and students taking courses in animal behavior, this accessible text will be essential reading for anyone wanting to study animal behavior using observational methods rather than experimentation, and assumes no previous knowledge of animals, statistics or scientific method. It will be of particular relevance and use to those professional researchers and consultants inthe behavioral sciences who seek a compact but comprehensive introduction to the quantitative observation of animal behavior.

For most of the history of scientific endeavour, science has been recorded on paper. In this digital era, however, there is increasing pressure to abandon paper in favour of digital tools. Despite the benefits, there are barriers to the adoption of such tools, not least their usability. As the relentless development of technology changes the way we work, we need to ensure that the design of technology not only overcomes these barriers, but facilitates us as scientists and supports better practice within science. This book examines the importance of record-keeping in science, current record-keeping practices, and the role of technology for enabling the effective capture, reuse, sharing, and preservation of scientific data. Covering the essential areas of electronic laboratory notebooks (ELNs) and digital tools for recording scientific data, including an overview of the current data management technology available and the benefits and pitfalls of using these technologies, this book is a useful tool for those interested in implementing digital data solutions within their research groups or departments. This book also provides insight into important factors to consider in the design of digital tools such as ELNs for those interested in producing their own tools. Finally, it looks at the role of current technology and then considers how that technology might develop in the future to better support scientists in their work, and in capturing and sharing the scientific record.

Prudent Practices in the Laboratory-the book that has served for decades as the standard for chemical laboratory safety practice-now features updates and new topics. This revised edition has an expanded chapter on chemical management and delves into new areas, such as nanotechnology, laboratory security, and emergency planning. Developed by experts from academia and industry, with specialties in such areas as chemical sciences, pollution prevention, and laboratory safety, Prudent Practices in the Laboratory provides guidance on planning procedures for the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals. The book offers prudent practices designed to promote safety and includes practical information on assessing hazards, managing chemicals, disposing of wastes, and more. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory will continue to serve as the leading source of chemical safety guidelines for people working with laboratory chemicals: research chemists, technicians, safety officers, educators, and students. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 The Culture of Laboratory Safety 2 Environmental Health and Safety Management System 3 Emergency Planning 4 Evaluating Hazards and Assessing Risks in the Laboratory 5 Management of Chemicals 6 Working with Chemicals 7 Working with Laboratory Equipment 8 Management of Waste 9 Laboratory Facilities 10 Laboratory Security 11 Safety Laws and Standards Pertinent to Laboratories Bibliography APPENDIXES Appendix A: OSHA Laboratory Standard Appendix B: Statement of Task Appendix C: Committee Member Biographies Index

What can you learn about your world in just a moment? Have you ever wondered why the sky is blue? Or whether dogs can read our facial expressions? Don Glass and experts in their fields answer these questions and many more. Written for readers of all ages with no background in science required, How the World Looks to a Bee is the perfect armchair companion for curious people who want to know more about the science of everyday life but have only a moment to spare. With intriguing everyday phenomena as a starting point, this entertaining collection uses short tutorials and quick and simple experiments to invite readers to test the science for themselves. These fascinating and topical science stories are sure to delight the curious child in all of us.

Maximize your skills and understanding with EXPERIMENTS IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY: INQUIRY AND SKILL BUILDING, Third Edition. The manual's 31 experiments include Skill Building, Guided Inquiry, and Open Inquiry experiments to provide maximum lab experience in the minimum amount of lab time. Each experiment includes prelab questions to help you prepare for the lab ahead of time and post-lab questions that lead you from data analysis to concept development to reinforce the core concepts of the lab.

All populations fluctuate stochastically, creating a risk of extinction that does not exist in deterministic models, with fundamental consequences for both pure and applied ecology. This book provides the most comprehensive introduction to stochastic population dynamics, combining classical background material with a variety of modern approaches, including new and previously unpublished results by the authors, illustrated with examples from bird and mammal populations, and insect communities.

There can be no doubt that some ofthe most spectacular advances made in science over the past few decades have been in the isolation, analysis, and manipulation of nucleicacids. Thishas ledtoamuchgreaterunderstandingofmechanismsandprocesses across many fields of bioscience, such as biochemistry, microbiology, physiology, pharmacology, and the medical sciences to name a few. It has also led to the growth of the biotechnology industry, which seeks to develop and commercialize many ofthese important processes and methods. Much ofthis has come about because ofthe devel opment of numerous molecular biology and genetic manipulation techniques. The discovery of restriction enzymes and the development of cloning vectors in the early 1970sopenedthedoortowaysofisolatingandmanipulatingnucleic acidsthathadnever been thought possible. Gene probe labeling and hybridization were developed and refined toprovidepowerfulmethodsofanalysis. These-togetherwiththedevelopment of DNA sequencing methods, protein engineering techniques, and PeR-have all continued to contribute substantially to the understandingofbiological processes at the molecular level. Theprotocols for these importantmethods are the focus ofThe Nucleic AcidProtocols Handbook, whose aim is to provide a comprehensive set oftechniques in onevolume thatwill enable the isolation, analysis, and manipulationofnucleic acids to be readily undertaken. The NucleicAcidProtocols Handbook is divided into 10 parts; within each there are approximately 10chapters. The first fourpartsfollow oneanotherlogically: nucleic acid extraction (Part I), basic separation and analysisofDNA (II), through probe design and labeling (III), and RNA analysis techniques (IV). The following three sections deal with gene libraryconstruction andscreening(V), DNA sequencing (VI), andthe polymerase chain reaction (VII)."

Hands-on experimentalists describe the cutting-edge microscopical methods needed for the effective study of plant cell biology today. These powerful techniques, all described in great detail to ensure successful experimental results, range from light microscope cytochemistry, autoradiography, and immunocytochemistry, to recent developments in fluorescence, confocal, and dark-field microscopies. Important advances in both conventional and scanning electron microscopies are also fully developed, together with such state-of-the-art ancillary techniques as high-resolution autoradiography, immunoelectron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, and electron systems imaging. Easy-to-use and up-to-date, Methods in Plant Electron Microscopy and Cytochemistry offers today's plant scientists a first class collection of readily reproducible light and electron microscopical methods that will prove the new standard for all working in the field.

Best-selling author Theodore Gray is back with all-new, spectacular experiments that demonstrate basic principles of chemistry and physics in thrilling, and memorable ways.

For nearly a decade, Theodore Gray has been demonstrating basic principles of chemistry and physics through exciting, sometimes daredevil experiments that he executes, photographs, and writes about for his monthly Popular Science column "Gray Matter."

Theo Gray's Mad Science: Experiments You Can Do at Home, But Probably Shouldn't, published by Black Dog in 2009, collected Gray's Popular Science columns, along with hundreds of photographs, many of which were not published with the original columns.

Now comes the second volume of mad-scientist experiments, which includes more dramatic, enlightening, and sometimes daring demonstrations in which Gray dips his hand into molten lead to demonstrate the Leidenfrost effect; crushes a tomato between two small magnets to demonstrate the power of neodymium-iron-boron magnets; and creates trinkets out of solid mercury to demonstrate how the state of matter depends very much on the temperature at which it exists.

Other experiments include:

A foil boat floating on an invisible sea

DIY X-ray photos

A bacon lance that cuts steel

Charging a smart phone with apples and pennies

And dozens more

Flow Cytometry 3/e is intended as a handbook for every laboratory that has a bench-top flow cytometer or a fluorescence activated cell sorter. It is an introduction and guide to those new to the field and a first point of reference for experienced practitioners who want to investigate a new technique. The chapter of immunophenotyping - the most important clinical application of flow cytometry - has been strengthened by the addition of a chapter on quality control in the clinical laboratory. The utility of the book in a clinical laboratory has been further enhanced by the addition of a chapter covering ten other clinical applications. Flow cytometry has found increasing application in the field of apoptosis research. A new chapter has been added to cover this important topic. Every flow cytometry laboratory can't afford not to have a copy on the shelf as a first point of reference. The book is not fully comprehensive but it does aim to cover over 90% of the applications of flow cytometry in mammalian biology.

This Primer provides an authoritative and easy to read overview of computers and their use in chemistry. It presents the essential basic ideas required to understand and exploit computers as encountered by chemistry students in their studies and in the laboratory at all stages up to and including research level. It gives its readers an insight into the workings of computers and so helps them to use the facilities more effectively.

This book provides a description of the theoretical basis of the technique, the practical details of the method, and the philosophy behind the technology transfer program that Harris has developed over the past ten years. The book serves as a guide for potential users in developing countries and for scientists who may wish to work abroad. In addition, the low-cost approach outlined in this book can be useful for high school, undergraduate, or continuing education programs.

In Vitro Culture of Higher Plants presents an up-to-date and wide- ranging account of the techniques and applications, and has primarily been written in response to practical problems. Special attention has been paid to the educational aspects. Typical methodological aspects are given in the first part: laboratory set-up, composition and preparation of media, sterilization of media and plant material, isolation and (sub)culture, mechanization, the influence of plant and environmental factors on growth and development, the transfer from test-tube to soil, aids to study. The question of why in vitro culture is practised is covered in the second part: embryo culture, germination of orchid seeds, mericloning of orchids, production of disease-free plants, vegetative propagation, somaclonal variation, test-tube fertilization, haploids, genetic manipulation, other applications in phytopathology and plant breeding, secondary metabolites.

Since their rapid proliferation in the late 1960s and early 1970s, quadrupole mass spectrometers have had a profound impact across the physical sciences. Geometrically simple, yet behaviorally complex, these dynamic mass analyzers continue to facilitate remarkable breakthroughs in fields ranging from biochemical analysis to process control technology. Long regarded as the standard introduction to the field, Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry and Its Applications provides today's engineers and scientists with an authoritative, wide-ranging overview of the development and uses of quadrupoles. Beginning with the basic operating principles of quadrupole devices, the book moves from general explanations of the actions of radio-frequency fields to descriptions of their utilization in quadrupole mass filters, monopoles, three-dimensional quadrupole ion traps, and various time-of-flight spectrometers. A concluding series of chapters examines early applications of quadrupoles in atomic physics, gas chromatography, upper atmospheric research, medicine, and environmental studies. Superb writing from the field's foremost scientists along with the continued central role of quadrupoles in contemporary research make this volume as timely and relevant as ever.

The use of primates in research is an ongoing controversy. We have all benefited from the medical discoveries, yet we have also learned more in recent years about the real intelligence of apes and monkeys. Activists have also uncovered cases of animal cruelty by researchers.

The Monkey Wars assesses the often caustic debate over the use of primates in scientific research, and examines the personalities and issues behind the headlines. The author focuses on researchers forced to conduct their work behind barbed wire and alarm systems, animal rights activists ranging from the moderate AWI Institute to the highly radical ALF, and some of the remarkable chimpanzees involved. The research community and its activist critics are invariably portrayed as rival camps locked in a long, bitter, and seemingly intractable political battle. In reality there are people on both sides willing to accept and work within the complex middle. Deborah Blum gives these people a voice

A powerful and relatively new method for extracting detailed crystal structural information from X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data, the Rietveld method attracts a great deal of interest from researchers in physics, chemistry, materials science, and crystallography. Now available in paperback, this book comprises chapters from international researchers on all aspects of this important technique. It will be of great interest to all researchers in the fields, as well as graduate students seeking a solid introduction and comprehensive survey.

Contributors: R. A. Young (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA); H. M. Rietveld (Netherlands Energy Research Foundation); E. Prince (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg); T. M. Sabine (University of Technology, Broadway); R. J. Hill (CSIRO Divisionof Mineral Products, Port Melbourne); J. W. Richardson Jr. (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne); R. L. Snyder (New York State College of Ceramics, USA); R. Delhez, Th. H. de Keijser, E. J. Mittemeijer, and E. J. Sonneveld (Laboratory of Metallurgy, Delft University of Technology); J. I. Langford (University of Birmingham, UK); D. Louër (Université de Rennes, France); P. Suortti (ESRF, Grenoble, Switzerland); C. Bärlocher (ETH Zentrum, Zürich); W. I. F. David (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK); J. D. Jorgensen (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne); R. B. von Dreele (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA); F. Izumi (National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, Tsukuba, Japan); H. Toraya (Nagoya Institute of Technology, Asahigaoka); A. K. Cheetham (University of California, Santa Barbara, USA)

This dictionary is the first to provide a comprehensive explanation of the bewildering array of acronyms and technical terms which have crept into the NMR literature in recent years. Aimed at chemists and biochemists who have only an elementary knowledge of NMR, it provides a clear description of the concepts and basic principles involved, including developments in two-dimensional NMR methods in liquids. Mathematical descriptions are used where appropriate, however the level of mathematical competence required is low, and the more complex aspects are fully explained in the text.

Each term is explained in full, extensive cross-references are included, and suggestions for further reading are included. The new and revised paperback edition of this well-received dictionary includes many new, up-to-date entries - for example, on three- and four-dimensional NMR.

This book is designed to supply research workers in biochemistry and related fields with factual information about the compounds, reagents, and techniques they use most frequently in the laboratory. The material has been selected by practising biochemists and, in this third edition, a wide range of data is clearly displayed in an easily accessible form. Much has been deleted from earlier editions to be replaced by new material of current importance to biochemistry and molecular biology. Functional grouping of compounds has been emphasized to enable users of this book to see what compounds are available as well as find data on specific examples. Now available in paperback, this book provides a clear presentation of the type of information frequently needed in experimental work and is an invaluable laboratory companion for workers in any aspect of biochemistry. `Highly recommended as a standard reference source in biochemical research.' Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry

Designed with the non-specialist teacher in mind, the emphasis of this book is to provide them with the confidence, flair and enthusiasm to teach chemistry at KS3 or KS4. Provision of 80 experiments to inspire and engage the students, practical help with the experiments and health and safety guidance means the teacher has all the tools they might require when improving the teaching of chemistry. Originally developed as course material for the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Chemistry for Non-Specialist course, organised in collaboration with the national network of Science Learning Centres (SLCs) and supported by an unrestricted educational grant from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), the resources are tried and tested and known to be effective. The course book is accompanied by a CD-ROM and together they make a valuable addition to the educational resources and aids for non-specialist teachers teaching chemistry.