There can be no doubt that some ofthe most spectacular advances made in science over the past few decades have been in the isolation, analysis, and manipulation of nucleicacids. Thishas ledtoamuchgreaterunderstandingofmechanismsandprocesses across many fields of bioscience, such as biochemistry, microbiology, physiology, pharmacology, and the medical sciences to name a few. It has also led to the growth of the biotechnology industry, which seeks to develop and commercialize many ofthese important processes and methods. Much ofthis has come about because ofthe devel opment of numerous molecular biology and genetic manipulation techniques. The discovery of restriction enzymes and the development of cloning vectors in the early 1970sopenedthedoortowaysofisolatingandmanipulatingnucleic acidsthathadnever been thought possible. Gene probe labeling and hybridization were developed and refined toprovidepowerfulmethodsofanalysis. These-togetherwiththedevelopment of DNA sequencing methods, protein engineering techniques, and PeR-have all continued to contribute substantially to the understandingofbiological processes at the molecular level. Theprotocols for these importantmethods are the focus ofThe Nucleic AcidProtocols Handbook, whose aim is to provide a comprehensive set oftechniques in onevolume thatwill enable the isolation, analysis, and manipulationofnucleic acids to be readily undertaken. The NucleicAcidProtocols Handbook is divided into 10 parts; within each there are approximately 10chapters. The first fourpartsfollow oneanotherlogically: nucleic acid extraction (Part I), basic separation and analysisofDNA (II), through probe design and labeling (III), and RNA analysis techniques (IV). The following three sections deal with gene libraryconstruction andscreening(V), DNA sequencing (VI), andthe polymerase chain reaction (VII)."

This invaluable reference handbook describes the fundamental principles and procedures underlying the successful isolation of viable, functionally intact hematopoietic and lymphoid cells, and their maintenance as primary cultures. The text provides technical information on the signals and mediators required for the differentiation and growth of these cells, and is designed for laboratory investigators with limited practical experience in cell culture. Chapters discuss dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages, NK and LAK cells, mast cells and basophils, hematopoietic differentiation of embryonal stem cells, and the culturing of murine thymic explants. Each chapter has been written by experts who have practical experience of the techniques discussed to provide tips for avoiding common pitfalls, and sharing insight into the fundamental questions in cell biology and immunology addressed using each cell culture model.

Flow Cytometry 3/e is intended as a handbook for every laboratory that has a bench-top flow cytometer or a fluorescence activated cell sorter. It is an introduction and guide to those new to the field and a first point of reference for experienced practitioners who want to investigate a new technique. The chapter of immunophenotyping - the most important clinical application of flow cytometry - has been strengthened by the addition of a chapter on quality control in the clinical laboratory. The utility of the book in a clinical laboratory has been further enhanced by the addition of a chapter covering ten other clinical applications. Flow cytometry has found increasing application in the field of apoptosis research. A new chapter has been added to cover this important topic. Every flow cytometry laboratory can't afford not to have a copy on the shelf as a first point of reference. The book is not fully comprehensive but it does aim to cover over 90% of the applications of flow cytometry in mammalian biology.

Bestselling author Theodore Gray has spent more than a decade dreaming up, executing, photographing, and writing about extreme scientific experiments, which he then published between 2009 and 2014 in his monthly Popular Science column "Gray Matter." Previously published in book form by Black Dog in two separate volumes (Mad Science and Mad Science 2), these experiments, plus 5 more all-new ones, will now be combined in one complete book. Packaged in a smaller, chunkier format Completely Mad Science is 432 pages of dazzling chemical demonstrations, illustrated in spectacular full-color photographs. Some of the completely mad experiments in the book include: Casting a model fish out of mercury (demonstrating how this element behaves very differently depending upon temperature); the famous Flaming Bacon Lance that can cut through steel (demonstrating the amount of energy contained in fatty foods like bacon); creating nylon thread out of pure liquid by combining molecules of hexamethylenediamine and sebacoyl chloride; making homemade ice cream using a fire extinguisher and a pillow case; powering your iPhone using 150 pennies and an apple, and many, many more. It's the ultimate collection for Gray's millions of fans.

Designed with the non-specialist teacher in mind, the emphasis of this book is to provide them with the confidence, flair and enthusiasm to teach chemistry at KS3 or KS4. Provision of 80 experiments to inspire and engage the students, practical help with the experiments and health and safety guidance means the teacher has all the tools they might require when improving the teaching of chemistry. Originally developed as course material for the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Chemistry for Non-Specialist course, organised in collaboration with the national network of Science Learning Centres (SLCs) and supported by an unrestricted educational grant from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), the resources are tried and tested and known to be effective. The course book is accompanied by a CD-ROM and together they make a valuable addition to the educational resources and aids for non-specialist teachers teaching chemistry.

This handy reference handbook describes the fundamental principles and procedures underlying the successful isolation of viable, functionally-intact cells from mammalian endocrine tissues, and their maintenance as primary cultures. The cell types selected for coverage illustrate the diversity of endocrine tissues from which cells have been isolated, and the range of procedures which have been devised to ensure the optimal survival and behaviour of each cell type under study. Particular emphasis has been placed on the provision of detailed protocols describing, step by step, the manipulations necessary to establish differentiated and responsive cultures. The chapters have been prepared by authors having direct practical experience of the cell type concerned, and the reader is therefore provided with first-hand accounts on the background to each procedure, the avoidance of potential problems and pitfalls, and the fundamental questions in endocrinology which may be addressed using each cell culture model.

This handy reference handbook describes the fundamental principles and procedures underlying the successful isolation of viable, functionally-intact cells from mammalian endocrine tissues, and their maintenance as primary cultures. The cell types selected for coverage illustrate the diversity of endocrine tissues from which cells have been isolated, and the range of procedures which have been devised to ensure the optimal survival and behaviour of each cell type under study. Particular emphasis has been placed on the provision of detailed protocols describing, step by step, the manipulations necessary to establish differentiated and responsive cultures. The chapters have been prepared by authors having direct practical experience of the cell type concerned, and the reader is therefore provided with first-hand accounts on the background to each procedure, the avoidance of potential problems and pitfalls, and the fundamental questions in endocrinology which may be addressed using each cell culture model.

Science teachers come in many varieties, but they share a common goal: to nurture learners. Over the past decade, we have learned a great deal about how to do this effectively. Of all this new (and some not so new) knowledge, what strikes me as most important is that learning occurs best within a context. Still, as obvious as that may seem, it is relatively rare in our high school science classrooms. The problem, of course, is that it is not easy to create a learning experience with hands-on relevance to the science under discussion. Science teachers, in addition to not having the the time, for the most part do not have the expertise or readily available resources. The solution lies in finding ways to bring scientists into the teaching/learning equation. Scientists teamed with teachers and their students represent a very real and rich opportunity to involve students in real science as practiced. Imagine a research book that gives examples of honest, science-research experiences for science-oriented students. What's more, imagine a book that includes examples where students are collaborating with scientists from all over the world on research projects, in person or via the Internet. Internet Linksfor Science Education does just that. It explores the role of the Internet and technol ogy in working student-scientist partnerships.

In Vitro Culture of Higher Plants presents an up-to-date and wide- ranging account of the techniques and applications, and has primarily been written in response to practical problems. Special attention has been paid to the educational aspects. Typical methodological aspects are given in the first part: laboratory set-up, composition and preparation of media, sterilization of media and plant material, isolation and (sub)culture, mechanization, the influence of plant and environmental factors on growth and development, the transfer from test-tube to soil, aids to study. The question of why in vitro culture is practised is covered in the second part: embryo culture, germination of orchid seeds, mericloning of orchids, production of disease-free plants, vegetative propagation, somaclonal variation, test-tube fertilization, haploids, genetic manipulation, other applications in phytopathology and plant breeding, secondary metabolites.

Matrix isolation is a technique used for studying short-lived atoms and molecules at very low temperatures. This book offers detailed practical advice on how to carry out matrix-isolation experiments, and is a unique introduction to the subject. It is an essential practical text that covers a range of topics, from how to build a matrix-isolation laboratory from scratch, to detailed instructions for carrying out experiments.

Unrivalled in its coverage and unique in its hands-on approach, this guide to the design and construction of scientific apparatus is essential reading for every scientist and student of engineering, and physical, chemical, and biological sciences. Covering the physical principles governing the operation of the mechanical, optical and electronic parts of an instrument, new sections on detectors, low-temperature measurements, high-pressure apparatus, and updated engineering specifications, as well as 400 figures and tables, have been added to this edition. Data on the properties of materials and components used by manufacturers are included. Mechanical, optical, and electronic construction techniques carried out in the lab, as well as those let out to specialized shops, are also described. Step-by-step instruction supported by many detailed figures, is given for laboratory skills such as soldering electrical components, glassblowing, brazing, and polishing.

Forrest M. Mims is a revered contributor to Make: magazine, where his popular columns about science-related topics and projects for Makers are evergreen treasures. Collected together here for the first time, these columns range from such simple projects as building an LED tracker for hand-launched night rockets to such challenging builds as transforming strings of data into unique musical compositions. A variety of photography and imaging projects are featured, including an ultra-sensitive twilight photometer that measures the elevation of layers of dust, smoke, and smog from around 3,000 feet to the top of the stratosphere at 31 miles! Most of the projects can be done with a collection of simple electronic components, such as LEDs, transistors, resistors, and batteries. To inspire and motivate readers, the book also includes profiles of such famous Makers as President Thomas Jefferson and Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen.

The aim of the Handbooks in Practical Animal Cell Biology is to provide practical workbooks for those involved in primary cell culture. Each volume addresses a different cell lineage, and contains an introductory section followed by individual chapters on the culture of specific differentiated cell types. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers in their fields and use their first-hand experience to present reliable techniques in a clear and thorough manner. Epithelial Cell Culture contains chapters on epithelial cells derived from 1) airway, 2) intestine, 3) pancreas, 4) kidney and bladder, 5) genital ducts, 6) mammary glands, 7) skin glands and appendages, and 8) keratinocytes.

The aim of the Handbooks in Practical Animal Cell Biology is to provide practical workbooks for those involved in primary cell culture. Each volume addresses a different cell lineage, and contains an introductory section followed by individual chapters on the culture of specific differentiated cell types. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers in their fields and use their first-hand experience to present reliable techniques in a clear and thorough manner. Epithelial Cell Culture contains chapters on epithelial cells derived from 1) airway, 2) intestine, 3) pancreas, 4) kidney and bladder, 5) genital ducts, 6) mammary glands, 7) skin glands and appendages, and 8) keratinocytes.

The aim of the Handbooks in Practical Animal Cell Biology is to provide practical workbooks for those involved in primary cell culture. Each volume addresses a different cell lineage, and contains an introductory section followed by individual chapters on the culture of specific differentiated cell types. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers in their fields and use their first-hand experience to present reliable techniques in a clear and thorough manner. Endothelial Cell Culture contains chapters on endothelial cells derived from 1) lung, 2) bone marrow, 3) brain, 4) mammary glands, 5) skin, 6) adipose tissue, 7) female reproductive system, and 8) synovium.

The use of primates in research is an ongoing controversy. We have all benefited from the medical discoveries, yet we have also learned more in recent years about the real intelligence of apes and monkeys. Activists have also uncovered cases of animal cruelty by researchers.

The Monkey Wars assesses the often caustic debate over the use of primates in scientific research, and examines the personalities and issues behind the headlines. The author focuses on researchers forced to conduct their work behind barbed wire and alarm systems, animal rights activists ranging from the moderate AWI Institute to the highly radical ALF, and some of the remarkable chimpanzees involved. The research community and its activist critics are invariably portrayed as rival camps locked in a long, bitter, and seemingly intractable political battle. In reality there are people on both sides willing to accept and work within the complex middle. Deborah Blum gives these people a voice

The investigation and manipulation of matter on the atomic scale have been revolutionized by scanning tunneling microscopy and related scanning probe techniques. This book is the first to provide a clear and comprehensive introduction to this subject. Beginning with the theoretical background of scanning tunneling microscopy, the design and instrumentation of practical STM and associated systems are described in detail, including topographic imaging, local tunneling barrier height measurements, tunneling spectroscopy, and local potentiometry. A treatment of the experimental techniques used in scanning force microscopy and other scanning probe techniques rounds out this section. The second part discusses representative applications of these techniques in fields such as condensed matter physics, chemistry, materials science, biology, and nanotechnology, so this book will be extremely valuable to upper-division students and researchers in these areas.

The functional anatomy of human somatosensory cortex is of both scientific and clinical interest. Scientifically, it provides insights in information processing in the human brain. Clinically, it helps to avoid neurological deficits by sparing essential brain regions during neurosurgical procedures adjacent to central fissure. In the present study the functional organization of the human somatosensory cortex was investigated with electrophysiological techniques using a combined approach of cortical stimulations and somatosensory evoked responses on electrocorticography, scalp-EEG, and magnetoencephalography. The spatiotemporal structure of the evoked response was studiedwith biophysical modeling techniqueswhich allowed identification of the three-dimensional intracerebral location, time activity, and interaction of the neuronal sources activated following peripheral somatosensory stimulation. Furthermore, the somatotopic organization ofhand and lip somatosensory cortex was investigated. The relative value of invasive (cortical stimulations and electrocorticography) and non-invasive (scalp-EEGand magnetoencephalography) was assessed. The combined use ofscalp-EEG and magnetoencephalography was useful to increase non-invasive localization accuracy. I want to thank several people who significantly contributed in completion of the present work. Univ. -Prof Dr. Luder Deecke, Chairman of the Neurological University Clinic, Vienna, Austria, supported me throughout my career at the Neurological University Clinic in Vienna since 1985. Dr. William W Sutherling, Associate Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, who was my advisor during my stay from 1987-1989 at the Department ofNeurology, University of California, Los Angeles where most of the present work was done.

A unique introduction to the design, analysis, and presentation of scientific projects, this is an essential textbook for undergraduate majors in science and mathematics. The textbook gives an overview of the main methods used in scientific research, including hypothesis testing, the measurement of functional relationships, and observational research. It describes important features of experimental design, such as the control of errors, instrument calibration, data analysis, laboratory safety, and the treatment of human subjects. Important concepts in statistics are discussed, focusing on standard error, the meaning of p values, and use of elementary statistical tests. The textbook introduces some of the main ideas in mathematical modeling, including order-of-magnitude analysis, function fitting, Fourier transforms, recursion relations, and difference approximations to differential equations. It also provides guidelines on accessing scientific literature, and preparing scientific papers and presentations. An extensive instructor's manual containing sample lessons and student papers is available at www.cambridge.org/Marder.

Flow cytometry is now well established in research laboratories and is gaining increasing use in clinical medicine and pathology. The technique enables multiple simultaneous light scatter and fluorescence measurements to be made at the individual cell level at very rapid rates and results in very large quantities of data being collected. Data, however, is just a series of numbers which have to be converted to information which, in turn, must be shown to have meaning. This is the most important single aspect of flow cytometry but it has received relatively little attention. One of the frequently voiced advantages of the technology is that it produces 'good statistics' because large numbers of cells have been analysed. However, it is not very often that confidence limits are placed on results, hence the reader has little or no feel for the inherent variability in the information produced. This book covers very basic number handling techniques, regression analysis, probability functions, statistical tests and methods of analysing dynamic processes. All those who use flow cytometry in their research will find this book an invaluable guide to interpreting the data produced by flow cytometers.

The discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance earned Felix Bloch and Ed Purcell the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics. What their discovery took advantage of, is that protons are the world's smallest magnets. These tiny magnets can also be used to make a magnetometer, of the type described in this book. This book describes how to build a proton precession magnetometer, suitable for measurements of the Earth's magnetic field. This method of measuring magnetic fields offers the theoretically highest possible precision, limited only by the known value of the gyromagnetic ratio of the proton. Uses of the magnetometer include: making precise measurements of the Earth's magnetic field, calibrating low field magnetometers, teaching modern signal processing techniques, demonstrating nuclear magnetism and NMR to students, and measuring nuclear magnetic relaxation in liquids. The Earth's field proton precession magnetometer, called the Magnum, described in this book, was formerly a commercial product, developed and sold by Exstrom Laboratories LLC. It was designed by Stefan Hollos and Richard Hollos.

This book is designed to supply research workers in biochemistry and related fields with factual information about the compounds, reagents, and techniques they use most frequently in the laboratory. The material has been selected by practising biochemists and, in this third edition, a wide range of data is clearly displayed in an easily accessible form. Much has been deleted from earlier editions to be replaced by new material of current importance to biochemistry and molecular biology. Functional grouping of compounds has been emphasized to enable users of this book to see what compounds are available as well as find data on specific examples. Now available in paperback, this book provides a clear presentation of the type of information frequently needed in experimental work and is an invaluable laboratory companion for workers in any aspect of biochemistry. `Highly recommended as a standard reference source in biochemical research.' Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry

The first book to chronicle how innovation in laboratory designs for botanical research energized the emergence of physiological plant ecology as a vibrant subdiscipline   Laboratory innovation since the mid-twentieth century has powered advances in the study of plant adaptation, evolution, and ecosystem function. The phytotron, an integrated complex of controlled-environment greenhouse and laboratory spaces, invented by Frits W. Went in the 1950s, set off a worldwide laboratory movement and transformed the plant sciences. Sharon Kingsland explores this revolution through a comparative study of work in the United States, France, Australia, Israel, the USSR, and Hungary.   These advances in botanical research energized physiological plant ecology. Case studies explore the development of phytotron spinoffs such as mobile laboratories, rhizotrons, and ecotrons. Scientific problems include the significance of plant emissions of volatile organic compounds, symbiosis between plants and soil fungi, and the discovery of new pathways for photosynthesis as an adaptation to hot, dry climates. The advancement of knowledge through synthesis is a running theme: linking disciplines, combining laboratory and field research, and moving across ecological scales from leaf to ecosystem. The book also charts the history of modern scientific responses to the emerging crisis of food insecurity in the era of global warming.

Raymond E. Barrett's Build-It-Yourself Science Laboratory is a classic book that took on an audacious task: to show young readers in the 1960s how to build a complete working science lab for chemistry, biology, and physics--and how to perform experiments with those tools. The experiments in this book are fearless and bold by today's standards--any number of the experiments might never be mentioned in a modern book for young readers! Yet, many from previous generations fondly remember how we as a society used to embrace scientific learning. This new version of Barrett's book has been updated for today's world with annotations and updates from Windell Oskay of Evil Mad Scientist Laboratories, including extensive notes about modern safety practices, suggestions on where to find the parts you need, and tips for building upon Barrett's ideas with modern technology. With this book, you'll be ready to take on your own scientific explorations at school, work, or home.

Textbook of "in vivo" Imaging in Vertebrates.

Editors.

Vasilis Ntziachristos

Department of Radiology, Harvard University HMS/MGH, Charlestown, USA

Anne Leroy-Willig

U2R2M, CNRS and Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Bertrand Tavitian

Unite d'Imagerie de l'Expression des Genes, INSERM, Orsay, Franc

This book describes the new imaging techniques being developed to monitor physiological, cellular and subcellular function within living animals. This exciting field of imaging science brings together physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine to yield powerful and versatile imaging approaches. By combining advanced non-invasive imaging technologies with new mechanisms for visualizing biochemical events and protein and gene function, non-invasive vertebrate imaging enables the in vivo study of biology and offers rapid routes from basic discovery to drug development and clinical application. Combined with the availability of an increasing number of animal models of human disease, and the ability to perform longitudinal studies of disease evolution and of the long-term effects of therapeutic procedures, this new technology offers the next generation of tools for biomedical research.

Well illustrated, largely in colour, the book reviews the most common and technologically advanced methods for vertebrate imaging, presented in a clear, comprehensive format. The basic principles are described, followed by several examples of the use of imaging in the study of living multicellular organisms, concentrating on small animal models of human diseases. The book illustrates:

- The types of information that can be obtained with modern in vivo imaging;

-The substitution of imaging methods for more destructive histological techniques;

- The advantages conferred by in vivo imaging in building a more accurate picture of the response of tissues to stimuli over time while significantly reducing the number of animals required for such studies.

Part 1 describes current techniques in in vivo imaging, providing specialists and laboratory scientists from all disciplines with clear and helpful information regarding the tools available for their specific research field. Part 2 looks in more detail at imaging organ development and function, covering the brain, heart, lung and others. Part 3 describes the use of imaging to monitor various new types of therapy, following the reaction in an individual organism over time, e.g. after gene or cell therapy.

Most chapters are written by teams of physicists and biologists, giving a balanced coherent description of each technique and its potential applications.

The book is aimed at a broad audience conducting research in areas such as biochemistry, physiology, developmental biology, oncology and pharmacology. While written primarily for those already engaged in imaging studies, it will also be of interest to scientists from other disciplines looking for an entry point into the field of in vivo imaging in small animals.