This book describes modern focused ion beam microscopes and techniques and how they can be used to aid materials metrology and as tools for the fabrication of devices that in turn are used in many other aspects of fundamental metrology. Beginning with a description of the currently available instruments including the new addition to the field of plasma-based sources, it then gives an overview of ion solid interactions and how the different types of instrument can be applied. Chapters then describe how these machines can be applied to the field of materials science and device fabrication giving examples of recent and current activity in both these areas.

This book is written specifically for the students of intermediate (or Higher Secondary) standard. Keeping in view of the standard of their education, the book is written in simple and lucid language. Each of the experiments written in the book comprises necessary introductions and theoretical details alongwith stepwise procedure for performing practicals, so that they can easily follow this book in their Laboratory classes. Whenever needed the experiments are followed by Viva-Vice questions along with their answers. These questions will help the students to guide them for their college practical examinations in advance.

Learn about the Physics of Balls Focus: Projectile Motion and Collisions Force, Trajectory, Velocity, & Acceleration In this book, readers gain access to real scientific data pertaining to balls, promoting graph-reading, comparison, contrast, and calculation skills. Graphs show data from the following scientific instruments: Video Analysis This book allows readers to analyze real data without purchasing expensive lab equipment. Graphs show the motion of a tennis ball, cricket ball, racquetball, lacrosse ball, softball, field hockey ball, street hockey balls (high and low density), and Swedish hockey puck-handling ball as they fly through the air. Some graphs also show the balls hitting a wall and bouncing back. The graphs and data contained in this book can be used by teachers and parents to supplement traditional lesson plans. Bonus Material: For comparison and contrast, a selection of balls from Volume 3 are provided. Graphs show data from a basketball, soccer ball, volleyball, dodge ball, 3 baseballs (official, safety, and plastic), 3 golf balls (official, foam and plastic), a ping pong ball, and a plastic apple as they fly through the air. Several of these graphs also show the trajectory of balls bouncing off a wall.