The past six years have seen a substantial increase in the attention paid by research workers to the principles of experimental design. The Second Edition of brings this handbook up to date, while retaining the basic framework that made it so popular. Describes the most useful of the designs that have been developed with accompanying plans and an account of the experimental situations for which each design is most suitable. Examples come from diverse fields of research, with an emphasis on biology and agriculture, two of the authors' specialties. New chapters have been added: one discusses the fractional replication of experiments. A second is concerned with experiments of the factorial type that present new methods and designs in which the factors represent quantitative variables measured on a continuous scale. Other new material includes an introductory account of experimental strategies for finding the levels at which the factors must be set in order to obtain maximum response and coverage of new incomplete block designs.

Combined fields of Microbiology and Nanotechnology have been most successful in providing novel solutions for protecting the health of humans and environment. This book covers the implications of nano-strategies to combat bacterial pathogens, applications of nanotechniques in microbiology, and innovative advances in the area of medical microbiology. Contents are divided into three sections -- Nanoscience in controlling bacterial pathogens, Nanoscience in Microbiology, Medical Microbiology. This volume is going to provide timely information about the technological advances of Nanoscience in the domain of Microbiology, with a special emphasis on Pathobiology. The book is a useful read for students and researchers in microbiology, nanotechnology and medical microbiology.

This volume, from an international authority on the subject, deals with the physical and instrumentation aspects of measurement science, the availability of major measurement tools, and how to use them. This book not only lays out basic concepts of electronic measurement systems, but also provides numerous examples and exercises for the student.
.Ideal for courses on instrumentation, control engineering and physics
.Numerous worked examples and student exercises

Scattering experiments, using X-ray, light and neutron sources (in historical order) are key techniques for studying structure and dynamics in systems containing colliods, polymers, surfactants and biological macromolecules, summarized here as soft condensed matter. The education in this field in Europe is very heterogeneous and frequently inadequate, which severely limits an efficient use of these methods, especially at large-scale facilities. The series of "Bombannes" schools and the completely revised and updated second edition of the lecture notes are devoted to a practical approach to current methodology of static and dynamic techiques. Basic information on data interpretation, on the complementarity of the different types of radiation, as well as information on recent applications and developments is presented. The aim is to avoid over - as well as under-exploitation of data.

Radioisotopes are invaluable tools for research in the biosciences. They provide unrivalled sensitivity for the detection and identification of biological molecules, facilitating for example drug discovery and human genetics.The book helps the research scientist to understand what is involved in the use of radioactive compounds and provides protocols for their use. Advice on legislation, guidance on safe handling and detailed recipes are provided.

The first part of this book describes the development of the trade in scientific instruments in Elizabethan London. In the second part, the author describes in detail the provenance and context of all the existing scientific instruments from this period. Highly illustrated throughout this book is a fascinating and scholarly study of a neglected period.

This is a fundamental reference work for any scientist contemplating using AI for data analysis.

This book contains up-to-date methods for all aspects of breeding and studying mice as a model for the way that genes work to control development, physiology and behaviour. The mouse has recently become the model organism for human genetics. The chapters are written by experts in the field and aimed both at an audience of scientists new to the field, and those who want an overview of the latest techniques.

X-ray crystallography is the major method of determining biological structures yet the procedures involved in obtaining the required crystals are still seen as something of a black art by many molecular biologists. As with the previous edition this book will dispel this idea by providing a detailed and rational guide to obtaining crystals or proteins and nucleic acids for diffraction studies.

This volume supplements Volumes 63, 64, 87, and 249 of Methods in Enzymology. These volumes provide a basic source for the quantitative interpretation of enzyme rate data and the analysis of enzyme catalysis. Among the major topics covered are Engergetic Coupling in Enzymatic Reactions, Intermediates and Complexes in Catalysis, Detection and Properties of Low Barrier Hydrogen Bonds, Transition State Determination, and Inhibitors.
The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.

The main aim of this book is to provide a broad overview of nuclear physics in terms of both hadron-meson dynamics and quark-lepton dynamics. It covers topics such as elastic and inelastic scattering, spin-isospin responses and charge exchange reactions, giant resonances, nuclear clusters, and nuclear physics with strange flavour. All subjects are presented from an experimental point of view, and sufficient prerequisite material is included for the book to be accessible to graduate students. An important feature is a discussion of the prevailing questions that emerge from recent research.

Superconducting devices, which can carry huge currents and generate strong magnetic fields without losing energy, are improving at a tremendous pace. This book provides a modern, up-to-date reference on both the physics and the technology of superconducting magnets. It is unique in combining the theoretical aspects of superconductivity, electromagnetic field theory, and the thermodynamics of helium cooling with the technological details of producing and engineering high performance superconducting materials. The book provides the reliable, expert advice for designing, manufacturing, and testing complex high field superconducting magnets of predictable performance, and it places particular emphasis on beam transport and accelerator magnets in high energy particle physics.

Expanded and updated, The CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, Fifth Edition provides information on planning and building a facility, developing an organization infrastructure, planning for emergencies and contingencies, choosing the correct equipment, developing operational plans, and meeting regulatory requirements. Still the essential reference tool, the New Edition helps you organize your safety efforts to adhere to the latest regulations and use the newest technology.

Thoroughly revised, the CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, Fifth Edition includes new OSHA laboratory safety standards, the 1994 NRC radiation safety standards, guidelines for X-ray use in hospitals, enforcement of standards for dealing with blood-borne pathogens, OSHA actions covering hazardous waste operations and emergency response, and the latest CDC guidelines for research with microbial hazards. Every word on every page has been scrutinized, and literally hundreds of changes have been made to bring the material up to date.

See what's new in the New Edition
o New figures and tables illustrating the new material
o Internet references in addition to journal articles
o Changes in the Clean Air Act regarding incineration of hospital, medical, and infectious waste
o Obsolete articles removed and replaced - over one hundred pages of new material
o New information on respiratory protection guidelines

The interaction of light with matter, in particular metals, is one of the classical areas of physical studies, and has contributed tremendously to our present understanding of physics. Light has been used successfully to investigate the electronic, magnetic and atomic structure of metal surfaces, as well as thin films, multi-layers, and interfaces. Such optical studies represent a non-destructive technique for materials characterization. The study of magnetism is of particular interest, not only for basic research, but also in view of a variety of applications like storage of information and magnetic recording. For many years the linear Kerr effect, typically exhibiting in metals Kerr rotations of less than one degree, has been used and developed as a successful tool for solid state physics research and applications. Only recently nonlinear optical effects in metals and in particular nonlinear magneto-optical effects have become an intensive area of studies. Due to the high interface sensitivity of nonlinear magneto-optics in contrast to linear magneto-optics, such studies lead to a new tool of investigating electronic stucture and magnetism at metallic interfaces, in thin films and multilayers. The high sensitivity of nonlinear optics and in particular the related, strikingly large Kerr rotations have been a remarkable experimental observation and an impressive example that Maxwell's equations still offer surprises. While future work on electronic and atomic structural phase transitions, on lateral and in-depth resolution of film structure, magnetic contrasts, domain structures, anti-ferromagnetism, or magnetic anisotropy effects will reveal the full potential of second harmonic light generation as a new tool of interface and film research, this book will give a comprehensive introduction to the state of the art in the subject, and will lay the ground for further developments.

Starting from first principles, this book introduces the closely related phenomena of Bose condensation and Cooper pairing, in which a very large number of single particles or pairs of particles are forced to behave in exactly the same way, and explores their consequences in condensed matter systems. Eschewing advanced formal methods, the author uses simple concepts and arguments to account for the various qualitatively new phenomena which occur in Bose-condensed and Cooper-paired systems, including but not limited to the spectacular macroscopic phenomena of superconductivity and superfluidity. The physical systems discussed include liquid 4-He, the BEC alkali gases, 'classical' superconductors, superfluid 3-He, 'exotic' superconductors and the recently stabilized Fermi alkali gases. The book should be accessible to beginning graduate students in physics or advanced undergraduates.

Drosophila is the scientist's favourite lab organism because it reproduces quickly and has straightforwartd chromosomes. It has long been the organism of choice in experiments in genetics and is also popular in developmental and behavioural studies. The second edition of this popular Practical Approach book brings the methodology up to date, with contributions from the world's leading Drosophila researchers. It will be valuable to the novice and experienced worker alike.

This detailed book collects methods based on the evolution of the chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique and other complementary approaches to dissect chromatin conformation with an emphasis on dissection of nuclear compartmentalization and visualization in imaging. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Capturing Chromosome Conformation: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers working to further understand 3D genome organization.

The book introduces most of the basic tools of chemometrics including experimental design, signal analysis, statistical methods for analytical chemistry and multivariate methods. It then discusses a number of important applications including food chemistry, biological pattern recognition, reaction monitoring, optimisation of processes, medical applications.

The book arises from a series of short articles that have been developed over four years on Chemweb (www.chemweb.com).

Taking advantage of recent advances throughout the sciences, Matthew Hedman brings the distant past closer to us than it has ever been. Here, he shows how scientists have determined the age of everything from the colonization of the New World over 13,000 years ago to the origin of the universe nearly fourteen billion years ago.
Hedman details, for example, how interdisciplinary studies of the Great Pyramids of Egypt can determine exactly when and how these incredible structures were built. He shows how the remains of humble trees can illuminate how the surface of the sun has changed over the past ten millennia. And he also explores how the origins of the earth, solar system, and universe are being discerned with help from rocks that fall from the sky, the light from distant stars, and even the static seen on television sets.
Covering a wide range of time scales, from the Big Bang to human history, "The Age of Everything" is a provocative and far-ranging look at how science has determined the age of everything from modern mammals to the oldest stars, and will be indispensable for all armchair time travelers.
"We are used to being told confidently of an enormous, measurable past: that some collection of dusty bones is tens of thousands of years old, or that astronomical bodies have an age of some billions. But how exactly do scientists come to know these things? That is the subject of this quite fascinating book. . . . As told by Hedman, an astronomer, each story is a marvel of compressed exegesis that takes into account some of the most modern and intriguing hypotheses."--Steven Poole, "Guardian """ "Hedman is worth reading because he is careful to present both the power and peril of trying to extract precise chronological data. These are all very active areas of study, and as you read Hedman you begin to see how researchers have to be both very careful and incredibly audacious, and how much of our understanding of ourselves--through history, through paleontology, through astronomy--depends on determining the age of everything."--Anthony Doerr, "Boston"" Globe"

Photobiology integrates a wide variety of scientific disciplines. As more people become aware of the many ways light interacts with chemical and biological systems, the need for a concise treatment of photobiology has become more critical. Kohen "et al." Have written just such a book, intended both as a textbook and as a reference.
The authors begin by providing a brief description of the nature of light, how it affects matter, and the means and methods of measuring it. A major section of the book is devoted to how light influences living systems, including discussions of photosynthesis, bioluminescence, regulatory mechanisms, and visual transduction of light. The last half of the book is devoted to the biomedical aspects of light, including photoimmunology, photoallergic reactions and other forms of light sensitivity, the optical properties of skin, and various ways that light can be used in therapy treatments.
Useful to photobiologists as a comprehensive overview, this book should also appeal to biomedical researchers and advanced students of photobiology.

This volume provides a practical, intuitive approach to electroanalytical chemistry, presenting fundamental concepts and experimental techniques without the use of technical jargon or unnecessarily extensive mathematics. This edition offers new material on ways of preparing and using microelectrodes, the processes that govern the voltammetric behavior of microelectrodes, methods for characterizing chemically modified electrodes, electrochemical studies at reduced temperatures, and more. The authors cover such topics as analog instrumentation, overcoming solution resistance with stability and grace in potentiostatic circuits, conductivity and conductometry, electrochemical cells, carbon electrodes, film electrodes, microelectrodes, chemically modified electrodes, mercury electrodes, and solvents and supporting electrolytes.

A Practical Guide to the Study of Calcium in Living Cells describes popular techniques along with helpful do's and don't's and computer programs. The volume enables investigators to evaluate confocal images, use the latest dyes, and design Calcium buffers appropriate to their research needs. This book is designed for laboratory use by graduate students, technicians, and researchers in many disciplines, ranging from molecular to cellular levels of investigation.
Key Features
* Describes techniques for detection of [Ca2]]I: Ca2+ - sensitive microelectrodes
* Fluorescent dyes
* Luminescent proteins
* Includes techniques for perturbing intracellular Ca2+
* Covers detailed methodology plus problems and pitfalls of each technique
* Contains a practical guide to preparing Ca2+ buffers with an easy-to-use computer program
* Color plates illustrate techniques such as
* Confocal ratio-imaging
* Use of aequorin

This book should be on the shelf of every practising statistician who designs experiments. Good design considers units and treatments first, and then allocates treatments to units. It does not choose from a menu of named designs. This approach requires a notation for units that does not depend on the treatments applied. Most structure on the set of observational units, or on the set of treatments, can be defined by factors. This book develops a coherent framework for thinking about factors and their relationships, including the use of Hasse diagrams. These are used to elucidate structure, calculate degrees of freedom and allocate treatment subspaces to appropriate strata. Based on a one-term course the author has taught since 1989, the book is ideal for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses. Examples, exercises and discussion questions are drawn from a wide range of real applications: from drug development, to agriculture, to manufacturing.

Demography is everywhere in our lives: from birth to death. Indeed, the universal currencies of survival, development, reproduction, and recruitment shape the performance of all species, from microbes to humans. The number of techniques for demographic data acquisition and analyses across the entire tree of life (microbes, fungi, plants, and animals) has drastically increased in recent decades. These developments have been partially facilitated by the advent of technologies such as GIS and drones, as well as analytical methods including Bayesian statistics and high-throughput molecular analyses. However, despite the universality of demography and the significant research potential that could emerge from unifying: (i) questions across taxa, (ii) data collection protocols, and (iii) analytical tools, demographic methods to date have remained taxonomically siloed and methodologically disintegrated. This is the first book to attempt a truly unified approach to demography and population ecology in order to address a wide range of questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology across the entire spectrum of life. This novel book provides the reader with the fundamentals of data collection, model construction, analyses, and interpretation across a wide repertoire of demographic techniques and protocols. It introduces the novice demographer to a broad range of demographic methods, including abundance-based models, life tables, matrix population models, integral projection models, integrated population models, individual based models, and more. Through the careful integration of data collection methods, analytical approaches, and applications, clearly guided throughout with fully reproducible R scripts, the book provides an up-to-date and authoritative overview of the most popular and effective demographic tools. Demographic Methods across the Tree of Life is aimed at graduate students and professional researchers in the fields of demography, ecology, animal behaviour, genetics, evolutionary biology, mathematical biology, and wildlife management.