It is estimated that 225,000 bridges, including nearly 40% of highway bridges, in the United States today are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. While the urgency of this problem has begun to be acknowledged at official levels, and more public funds set aside for bridge inspection and rehabilitation, the need remains for engineers versed in contemporary rehabilitation methods. Unfortunately, until the publication of this book, engineers' efforts to educate themselves in the field have been thwarted by the fact that good, up-to-date material on bridge inspection and repair could be obtained only through a painstaking search through hundreds of specialized publications. Edited by Louis G. Silano, P.E., Senior Vice President and Technical Director of Structures with the firm of Parsons Brinckerhoff, Bridge Inspection and Rehabilitation: A Practical Guide is the first and only "A-to-Z" guide to practical aspects of bridge inspection and rehabilitation. Comprising contributions from a group of seasoned professionals from around the nation, it provides insights into every element of bridge structure, including broad coverage of materials and design types. Among important topics covered in Bridge Inspection and Rehabilitation are: advances in inspection techniques, including underwater inspection and nondestructive testing; all bridge design types, including suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, trusses, moveable bridges, and others; basic structural elements, such as substructures, superstructures, decks, bearings, and joints; and special topics of contemporary concern, such as seismic design and seismic retrofitting, environmental control issues, maintenance of trafficduring rehabilitation, repair of historical bridges, and much more. Generously illustrated with nearly 200 line illustrations and photographs and offering in-depth coverage of most practical aspects of bridge assessment and repairs, Bridge Inspection and Rehabilitation is an invaluable resource for practicing bridge engineers and contractors.

The word tensegrity results from the contraction of tensional and integrity, a word created by Richard Buckminster Fuller. He went on to describe tensegrity structures as islands of compression in an ocean of tension, and Rene Motro has developed a comprehensive definition which is systems in a stable self equilibriated system comprising a discontinuous set of compressed components inside a continuum of tensioned components .
This publication represents the life work of a leading exponent of a revolutionary and exciting method of structural design.
* Represents the life work of a leading exponent of a revolutionary and exciting method of structural design
* Applicable to architecture as an established structural system, can also be applied to other fields
* Design professionals will be able to design better structures. Interested non-professionals will experience the great pleasure of being able to say "I understand why the Hisshorn tower stands up"

This newly updated book offers a comprehensive introduction to the scope and nature of engineering work, taking a rigorous but common sense approach to the solution of engineering problems. The text follows the planning, modelling and design phases of engineering projects through to implementation or construction, explaining the conceptual framework for undertaking projects, and then providing a range of techniques and tools for solutions. It focuses on engineering design and problem solving, but also involves economic, environmental, social and ethical considerations. This third edition expands significantly on the economic evaluation of projects and also includes a new section on intractable problems and systems, involving a discussion of wicked problems and soft systems methodology as well as the approaches to software development. Further developments include an array of additional interest boxes, worked examples, problems and up-to date references. Case studies and real-world examples are used to illustrate the role of the engineer and especially the methods employed in engineering practice. The examples are drawn particularly from the fields of civil and environmental engineering, but the approaches and techniques are more widely applicable to other branches of engineering. The book is aimed at first-year engineering students, but contains material to suit more advanced undergraduates. It also functions as a professional handbook, covering some of the fundamentals of engineering planning and design in detail.

Energy-Efficient Retrofit of Buildings by Interior Insulation: Materials, Methods and Tools offers readers comprehensive coverage of current research in German Language Countries. Chapters provide an overview on the development of energy efficiency for building retrofits and the role of internal insulation, cover materials with chapters on Brick, Wood, Plaster, Clay, and Natural Stone, explain the impact of internal insulation in those materials and how to cope with problems such as moisture build, mold and algae growth, provide practical advice on how to apply internal insulation in the most effective way, including Salt Efflorescence, Noise Protection, Fire Prevention, and more. The practical approach of the book, with examples in all chapters, makes it valuable for Civil and Architectural Engineers involved with building retrofit. The book may also be useful to researchers in the field of Building Physics due to the breadth of the coverage.

Ground bearing concrete floors, industrial concrete hardstandings and concrete highway pavements have not, in the past, been perceived as a single type of structural element and their construction has taken place independently of each other. This is in spite of their obvious commonality in the areas of design, materials, geotechnical appreciation and construction. Ground Bearing Concrete Slabs has been specifically written to break down the 'walls' that have arisen between these three areas and focus on the issues that are common to them all. In one practical, yet comprehensive volume, it integrates the three crucial phases in the development of ground bearing concrete slabs - design, specification and construction. Numerous case studies are provided which illustrate the design, construction, investigation and specification of each type of ground bearing slab and each case study has been selected to represent those areas likely to be of most relevance to slab designers. For example, a high bay racking warehouse is illustrated and the overlaying of a heavily loaded industrial hardstanding is described.Because concrete is often the preferred construction material for industrial roads where loads may be infrequent but heavy, two such projects are explained. The book draws from many international authorities, from industrial practice and from the author's own extensive research and, where it is safe to do so, design short-cuts are presented involving simple charts and tables. Through new design methods, such as the 'ultimate limit state analytical approach' and 'cost-effective steel-free design', along with such topics as materials, construction, loading and specifications, Ground bearing concrete slabs examines and elucidates on one of the major areas of structural engineering.

This book covers advanced 3D printing processes and the latest developments in novel composite-based printing materials, thus enabling the reader to understand and benefit from the advantages of this groundbreaking technology. The rise in ecological anxieties has forced scientists and researchers from all over the world to find novel lightweight materials. Therefore, it is necessary to expand knowledge about the processing, applications, and challenges of 3D printing of composite materials to expanding the range of their application. This book presents an extensive survey on recent improvements in the research and development of additive manufacturing technologies that are used to make composite structures for various applications such as electronic, aerospace, construction, and biomedical applications. Advanced printing techniques including fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), inkjet 3D printing (3DP), stereolithography (SLA), and 3D plotting will be covered and discussed thoroughly in this book. This book also focuses the recent advances and challenges in polymer nanocomposite and introduces potential applications of these materials in various sectors.

This Fifth Edition maintains the basic Ferguson approach in which design procedures stem from and provide the basis for a clear understanding of the behavior of reinforced concrete. Behavior of reinforced concrete members and assemblages at every load stage is illustrated with illustrations and photos, and calculation models that relate to the physical behaviors are provided to help students and practitioners recognize and assess various design situations. To avoid confusion, many of the examples now use customary or English units, rather than SI units as in the Fourth Edition. This edition conforms to the technical changes in the '83 and '86 revisions to the ACI Building Code. In this edition, service load analysis of stresses, computuations of deflection and distribution of reinforcement to control crack widths have been incorporated with the sections that treat analysis and design of flexural members. Material relating to seismic design has been revised and expanded, and more emphasis has been placed on developing conceptual models for design.

This compendium is made up of a selection of the best and most representative papers from a group of Elsevier's structural engineering journals. Selections were made by the journal's editorial teams.

The papers appeared in the following journals during 2000:

Journal of Constructional Steel Research P.J. Dowling, J.E. Harding, R. Bjorhovde
Thin Walled Structures J. Loughlan, K.P. Chong
Engineering Structures P.L. Gould
Computers and Structures K.J. Bathe, B.H.V. Topping
Construction and Building Materials M.C. Forde
Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Areodynamics N.P. Jones
Marine Structures P.A. Frieze, A. Mansour, T. Yao

Each paper appears in the same format as it was published in the journal; citations should be made using the original journal publication details.
It is intended that this compendium will be the first in a series of such collections. A compendium has also been published in the area of geotechnical engineering.

This is an essential resource and practical guide for anyone working in the field of foundation engineering. Analysis of Structures on Elastic Foundations is a practical guide for structural and geotechnical engineers as well as graduate students working in foundation engineering. Included are detailed descriptions of practical methods of analysis of various foundations including simple beams on elastic foundations as well as very complex foundations such as mat foundations supported on piles. Methods for fast and easy hand analysis in addition to methods for exact computer analysis are presented. Most of the methods are developed for three soil models: Winkler foundations, elastic half-spaces, and elastic layers. Numerous numerical examples illustrate the applications of these methods.

The book is a comprehensive volume on multi-hazards and their management for a sustainable built environment. It focuses on the role of civil engineering in building disaster resilient society. This book brings together all diverse disciplines of civil engineering and related areas (for example, geotechnical engineering, water resources engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, environmental engineering, construction management, GIS, and remote sensing) towards a common goal of disaster resilience through an interdisciplinary approach. It contains methods and case studies focusing on civil engineering solutions to reduce the disaster risk. The book contents are aligned in line with the priorities set by UN-Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and UN-SDGs to promote a global culture of risk-awareness and disaster reduction. The book will be a useful comprehensive reference for disaster risk reduction beneficial for engineering students, teaching faculty, researchers, industry professionals and policymakers.

This volume contains the papers presented at the Third International Conference on Thin-Walled Structures, Cracow, Poland on June 5-7, 2001.
There has been a substantial growth in knowledge in the field of Thin-Walled Structures over the past few decades. Lightweight structures are in widespread use in the Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical, Automobile, Chemical and Offshore Engineering fields. The development of new processes, new methods of connections, new materials has gone hand-in-hand with the evolution of advanced analytical methods suitable for dealing with the increasing complexity of the design work involved in ensuring safety and confidence in the finished products.
Of particular importance with regard to the analytical process is the growth in use of the finite element method. This method, about 40 years ago, was confined to rather specialist use, mainly in the aeronautical field, because of its requirements for substantial calculation capacity. The development over recent years of extremely powerful microcomputers has ensured that the application of the finite element method is now possible for problems in all fields of engineering, and a variety of finite element packages have been developed to enhance the ease of use and the availability of the method in the engineering design process.

Structural Impact is concerned with the behaviour of structures and components subjected to large dynamic, impact and explosive loads which produce inelastic deformations. It is of interest for safety calculations, hazard assessments and energy absorbing systems throughout industry. The first five chapters introduce the rigid plastic methods of analysis for the static behaviour and the dynamic response of beams, plates and shells. The influence of transverse shear, rotatory inertia, finite displacements and dynamic material properties are introduced and studied in some detail. Dynamic progressive buckling, which develops in several energy absorbing systems, and the phenomenon of dynamic plastic buckling are introduced. Scaling laws are discussed which are important for relating the response of small-scale experimental tests to the dynamic behaviour of full-scale prototypes. This text is invaluable to undergraduates, graduates and professionals learning about the behaviour of structures subjected to large impact, dynamic and blast loadings producing an inelastic response.

This comprehensive new two-volume work provides the reader with a detailed insight into the use of the finite element method in geotechnical engineering. As specialist knowledge required to perform geotechnical finite element analysis is not normally part of a single engineering degree course, this lucid work will prove invaluable. It brings together essential information presented in a manner understandable to most engineers.Volume 1 presents the theory, assumptions and approximations involved in finite element analysis while Volume 2 concentrates on its practical applications.

This book contains 15 fully peer-reviewed Invited Papers which were presented at the 13th Biennial European Conference on Fracture and is a companion to the CD-ROM http: //www.elsevier.com/locate/isbn/008043701xProceedings.
The organisers of the ECF 13 opted from the very beginning for an application-orientated conference, and consequently, this book contributes to the understanding of fracture phenomena, and disseminates fracture concepts and their application to the solution of engineering problems to practitioners in a wide range of fields.
The fields covered in this book can be broadly classified into: elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, fracture dynamics, fatigue and interactive processes, failure, structural integrity, coatings and materials, with applications to the following industrial sectors: transport, aerospace engineering, civil engineering, pipelines and automotive engineering.

This revision of a popular text discusses the behavior, analysis, and design of prestressed concrete structures. Changes in the Second Edition include a new emphasis on partially prestressed concrete members, flexural strength calculations, deflection calculations, crack width calculations, along with new information on high strength materials, and more. Develops an understanding of design methods used in practice and familiarity with the important provisions of the governing 1983 Building Code of the American Concrete Institute. Balance of theory and practice provides a clear survey of design principles. Problems at the end of every chapter illustrate concepts.

With the gradual development of rules for designing against instability the idea emerged, in London, in 1974 to hold an International Colloquium treating every aspect of structural instability of steel structures.
There have been 17 International Colloquia Stability Sessions around the world, starting with the first one in Paris in 1972, until with the last one in Nagoya in 1997. In Nagoya it was decided to continue the series of travelling colloquia by launching the Sixth Colloquium in September 1999 with the First Session to be held at the "Politehnica" University of Timişoara, Romania, which will be followed by another in the year 2000 at the Gediminas Technical University in Vilnius, Lithuania, a third one during SSRC's Year 2000 Annual Meeting in the US, and a fourth one in Australia or New Zealand.
At present important research projects are in progress around the world, like SAC Joint Venture Project in USA, INCO-COPERNICUS "RECOS" in Europe and others, which are devoted to improve and develop new methods for the safety design of steel structures in seismic zones. Special attention is paid in Europe, USA and Japan to improve the design codes and detailing of seismic resistant steel structures.
This was the reason to organise the Session of Nagoya as "Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures" Colloquium. Romania is also a strong seismic territory and therefore, the topic of the Timişoara Session covered both stability and ductility problems. The technical programme of the SDSS'99 Colloquium in Timişoara has been split into nine working sessions.

ICSAS '99 - The Fourth International Conference on Steel and Aluminium Structures was a sequel to ICSAS '87 held in Cardiff, UK, to ICSAS '91 held in Singapore and to ICSAS '95 held in Istanbul, Turkey. The objective of the conference was to provide a forum for the discussion of recent findings and developments in the design and construction of various types of steel and aluminium structures.

The conference was concerned with the analysis, modelling and design of light-weight or slender structures in which the primary material is structural steel, stainless or aluminium. The structural analysis papers presented at the conference cover both static and dynamic behaviour, instability behaviour and long-term behaviour under hygrothermal effects. The results of the latest research and development of some new structural products were also presented at the conference. A total of 76 papers and 30 posters were presented at the conference by participants from 36 countries in all 6 continents.

Introduction to Engineering Design is a completely novel text covering the basic elements of engineering design for structural integrity. Some of the most important concepts that students must grasp are those relating to 'design thinking' and reasoning, and not just those that relate to simple theoretical and analytical approaches. This is what will enable them to get to grips with *practical* design problems, and the starting point is thinking about problems in a 'deconstructionist' sense.
By analysing design problems as sophisticated systems made up of simpler constituents, and evolving a solution from known experience of such building blocks, it is possible to develop an approach that will enable the student to tackle even completely alien design scenarios with confidence. The other essential aspect of the design process - the concept of failure, and its avoidance - is also examined in detail, and the importance not only of contemplating expected failure conditions at the design stage but also checking those conditions as they apply to the completed design is stressed.
These facets in combination offer a systematic method of considering the design process and one that will undoubtedly find favour with many students, teaching staff and practising engineers alike.

Following catastrophic tunnel fires that have occurred worldwide, it has become essential to gain a much better understanding of all aspects of tunnel fire safety, from basic science to acceptable risk and the law. The fundamental principles which have emerged from research and investigation in this field, form the bed-rock for decision making on how tunnels may be designed, or up-graded and operated in an acceptable way. Spanning the spectrum of current knowledge available in the field of tunnel fire safety, Handbook of Tunnel Fire Safety covers a diverse range of topics. This new edition includes new information on automatic incident detection (AID), fire suppression in tunnels, heat release rates in tunnel fires, new case studies, and all up-to-date information on probabilistic modelling and tunnel fires, and tunnel fires and human behaviour.

Thin-plated structures are used extensively in building construction, automobile, aircraft, shipbuilding and other industries because of a number of favourable factors such as high strength-weight ratio, development of new materials and processes and the availability of efficient analytical methods. This class of structure is made by joining thin plates together at their edges and they rely for their rigidity and strength upon the tremendous stiffness and load-carrying capacity of the flat plates from which they are made. Many of the problems encountered in these structures arise because of the effects of local buckling. The knowledge of various facets of this phenomenon has increased dramatically since the 1960s. Problem areas which were hitherto either too complex for rigorous analysis or whose subtleties were not fully realized have in these years been subjected to intensive study. Great advances have been made in the areas of inelastic buckling. The growth in use of lightweight strong materials, such as fibre-reinforced plastics has also been a contributory factor towards the need for advances in the knowledge of the far post-buckling range. The conference is a sequel to the international conference organised by the University of Strathclyde in December 1996 and this international gathering will provide the opportunity for discussion of recent developments and trends in design of thin-walled structures.

The in situ rehabilitation or upgrading of reinforced concrete members using bonded steel plates is an effective, convenient and economic method of improving structural performance. However, disadvantages inherent in the use of steel have stimulated research into the possibility of using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials in its place, providing a non-corrosive, more versatile strengthening system.
This book presents a detailed study of the flexural strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete members using fibre reinforces polymer composite plates. It is based to a large extent on material developed or provided by the consortium which studied the technology of plate bonding to upgrade structural units using carbon fibre / polymer composite materials. The research and trial tests were undertaken as part of the ROBUST project, one of several ventures in the UK Government's DTI-LINK Structural Composites Programme.
The book has been designed for practising structural and civil engineers seeking to understand the principles and design technology of plate bonding, and for final year undergraduate and postgraduate engineers studying the principles of highway and bridge engineering and structural engineering.
Detailed study of the flexural strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete members using fibre reinforced polymer compositesContains in-depth case histories

This comprehensive new two-volume work provides the reader with a detailed insight into the use of the finite element method in geotechnical engineering. As specialist knowledge required to perform geotechnical finite element analysis is not normally part of a single engineering degree course, this lucid work will prove invaluable. It brings together essential information presented in a manner understandable to most engineers.Volume 1 presents the theory, assumptions and approximations involved in finite element analysis while Volume 2 concentrates on its practical applications.

The near-field earthquake which struck the Hanshin-Awaji area of Japan before dawn on January 17, 1995, in addition to snatching away the lives of more than 6,000 people, inflicted horrendous damage on the region's infrastructure, including the transportation, communication and lifeline supply network and, of course, on buildings, too. A year earlier, the San Fernando Valley area of California had been hit by another near-field quake, the Northridge Earthquake, which dealt a similarly destructive blow to local infrastructures. Following these two disasters, structural engineers and researchers around the world have been working vigorously to develop methods of design for the kind of structure that is capable of withstanding not only the far-field tectonic earthquakes planned for hitherto, but also the full impact of near-field earthquake.
Of the observed types of earthquake damage to steel structures, there are some whose causes are well understood, but many others continue to present us with unresolved problems. To overcome these, it is now urgently necessary for specialists to come together and exchange information.
The contents of this volume are selected from the Nagoya Colloquium proceedings will become an important part of the world literature on structural stability and ductility, and will prove a driving force in the development of future stability and ductility related research and design.

Pipe Drafting and Design, Fourth Edition is a tried and trusted guide to the terminology, drafting methods, and applications of pipes, fittings, flanges, valves, and more. Those new to this subject will find no better introduction on the topic, with easy step-by-step instructions, exercises, review questions, hundreds of clear illustrations, explanations of drawing techniques, methodology and symbology for piping and instrumentation diagrams, piping arrangement drawings and elevations, and piping isometric drawings. This fully updated and expanded new edition also explains procedures for building 3D models and gives examples of field-scale projects showing flow diagrams and piping arrangement drawings in the real world. The latest relevant standards and codes are also addressed, making this a valuable and complete reference for experienced engineers, too.

This volume presents the proceedings of the first major international conference for over twenty years on the state-of-the-art of ground anchorage technology. Leading researchers and practitioners from around the world came together to discuss all the aspects of design, construction and performance of ground anchorages for the use in stabilisation of structures, excavations and slopes. Practical issues relating to construction and installation of anchorages are considered in a series of examples of engineering projects from around the world.