This book presents a method which is capable of evaluating the deformation characteristics of thin shell structures A free vibration analysis is chosen as a convenient means of studying the displacement behaviour of the shell, enabling it to deform naturally without imposing any particular loading conditions. The strain-displacement equations for thin shells of arbitrary geometry are developed. These relationships are expressed in general curvilinear coordinates and are formulated entirely in the framework of tensor calculus. The resulting theory is not restricted to shell structures characterized by any particular geometric form, loading or boundary conditions. The complete displacement and strain equations developed by Flugge are approximated by the curvilinear finite difference method and are applied to computing the natural frequencies and mode shapes of general thin shells. This approach enables both the displacement components and geometric properties of the shell to be approximated numerically and accurately. The selection of an appropriate displacement field to approximate the deformation of the shell within each finite difference mesh is discussed in detail. In addition, comparisons are made between the use of second and third-order finite difference interpolation meshes.

1. 1 Introduction As offshore oil production moves into deeper water, compliant structural systems are becoming increasingly important. Examples of this type of structure are tension leg platfonns (TLP's), guyed tower platfonns, compliant tower platfonns, and floating production systems. The common feature of these systems, which distinguishes them from conventional jacket platfonns, is that dynamic amplification is minimized by designing the surge and sway natural frequencies to be lower than the predominant frequencies of the wave spectrum. Conventional jacket platfonns, on the other hand, are designed to have high stiffness so that the natural frequencies are higher than the wave frequencies. At deeper water depths, however, it becomes uneconomical to build a platfonn with high enough stiffness. Thus, the switch is made to the other side of the wave spectrum. The low natural frequency of a compliant platfonn is achieved by designing systems which inherently have low stiffness. Consequently, the maximum horizontal excursions of these systems can be quite large. The low natural frequency characteristic of compliant systems creates new analytical challenges for engineers. This is because geometric stiffness and hydrodynamic force nonlinearities can cause significant resonance responses in the surge and sway modes, even though the natural frequencies of these modes are outside the wave spectrum frequencies. High frequency resonance responses in other modes, such as the pitch mode of a TLP, are also possible.

Civil engineering structures tend to be fabricated from materials that respond elastically at normal levels of loading. Most such materials, however, would exhibit a marked and ductile inelasticity if the structure were overloaded by accident or by some improbable but naturally occuring phenomeon. Indeed, the very presence of such ductility constitutes an important safety provision for large-scale constructions where human life is at risk. In the comprehensive evaluation of safety in structural design, it is therefore unrealistic not to consider the effects of ductility. This book sets out to show that the bringing together of the theory and methods of mathematical programming with the mathematical theory of plasticity furnishes a model which has a unifying theoretical nature and is entirely representative of observed structural behaviour. The contents of the book provide a review of the relevant aspects of mathematical programming and plasticity theory, together with a detailed presentation of the most interesting and potentially useful applications in both framed and continuum structures: ultimate strength and elastoplastic deformability; shakedown and practical upper bounds on deformation measures; evolutive dynamic response; large displacements and instability; stochastic and fuzzy programming for representing uncertainty in ultimate strength calculations. Besides providing a ready fund of computational algorithms, mathematical programming invests applications in mechanics with a refined mathematical formalism, rich in fundamental theorems, which often gives addi- tional insight into known results and occasionally lead to new ones. In addition to its obvious practical utility, the educational value of the material thoroughly befits a university discipline.

This proceedings volume contains 33 papers presented at the 3rd Working Conference on "Rel- iability and Optimization of Structural Systems", held at the University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, March 26 -28, 1990. The Working Conference was organised by the IFIP (Inter- national Federation for Information Processing) Working Group 7.5 of Technical Committee 7 and was the third in a series, following similar conferences held at the University of Aalborg, Denmark, May 1987 and at the Imperial College, London, UK, September 1988. The Working Conference was attended by 48 participants from 12 countries. The objectives of Working Group 7.5 are: * to promote modern structural systems optimization and reliability theory, * to advance international cooperation in the field of structural system optimization and reliability theory, * to stimulate research, development and application of structural system optimization and reli- ability theory, * to further the dissemination and exchange of information on reliability and optimization of structural systems * to encourage education in structural system optimization and reliability theory. At present the members of the Working Group are: A. H.-S. Ang, U.S.A. G. A ugusti, Italy M. J. Baker, United Kingdom P. Bjerager, Norway R. B. Corotis, U.S.A. C. A. Cornell, U.S.A. M. Grigoriu, U.S.A. A. Der Kiureghian, U.S.A. O. Ditlevsen, Denmark D. M. Frangopol, U.S.A. S. Garribba, Italy H. Furuta, Japan M. R. Gorman, U.S.A. M. Grimmelt, Germany, F. R.

Design of Welded Steel Structures: Principles and Practice provides a solid foundation of theoretical and practical knowledge necessary for the design of welded steel structures. The book begins by explaining the basics of arc welding, describing the salient features of modern arc welding processes as well as the types and characteristics of welded joints, their common defects, and recommended remedial measures. The text then: Addresses the analysis and design of welded structures Explores the design of joints in respect to common welded steel structures Identifies the cost factors involved in welded steelwork Design of Welded Steel Structures: Principles and Practice draws not only from the author's own experience, but also from the vast pool of research conducted by distinguished engineers around the globe. Detailed bibliographies are included at the end of each chapter.

Structural safety of industrial systems and components raises a steadily growing public, scientific and engineering interest, and causes permanent development of methods and techniques used for its assessment. In addition to the well established engineering methods, applied in the field, several new methods and tools have emerged recently. Among them, the most novel ones are probably those related to expert system applica tions, appearing as an important possible improvement of the current engineering practice. The issue has been addressed by the international course EXPERT SYSTEMS IN STRUCTURAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT organized by MPA Stuttgart and JRC Ispra (Stuttgart, October 2-4, 1989), and the proceedings of the course are contained in this volume of the Lecture Notes ill Engineering. The contributions (invited lectures) tackle the issues usually confronting developers and users of expert systems applied in structural engineering, i.e. in structural safety and integrity assessment. Both the book and the course are a combination of a tutorial and of presentation of the current achievements in the field. Starting from the basic elements of expert systems (knowledge based systems), the book should "guide" the reader up to the applications in various particular sub-domains.

This volume constitutes an important addition in our "Lecture Notes in Engineering" Series. The search for optimal structural shapes is at the fourtdation of all engineering analysis. Furthermore el)gineering as a whole can be seen as a process of looking for optimum solutions. The importance of Dr Chibani's work is that it deals with the integrated process of analysing and designing the optimum structure in a single operation. The design shape as well as the usual structural constraints are incQr.porated into the mathematical problem. This approach which is more suitable to computer applications has the difficulty of introducing a large number of variables and constraints equations. To overcome this problcm Dr Chibani proposes to apply a multilevel optimization technique which rcduces the dimensionaiity of a large scalc structural problem. The hook exp.I.111ns how a large optimization problem can be divided into Hcvcral partH of .1 smaller dimension which can then be solved eithcr scquentially or in parallel to obtain the solution of the original problem. Applicationsto these type structures provide a demonstration of the effectiveness of the procedure.

Construction time constraints are partly responsible for the increasingly prevalent use of structural steel. The need for swift completed framework and fabrication is of paramount importance. This extensive manual looks at the various aspects of steel construction. It covers the full scope of structural steelwork detailing, including fundamentals, draughting practice and conventions, conventional methods of detailing components, full scale constructed facilities and computer aided practices. A number of codes have also been included for those engineers who wish to carryout in-depth study of practices where jobs are in progress.

The Proceedings contain 30 papers presented at the 2nd Working Conference on "Relia.bility and Optimization of Structural Systems" , London, UK, September 26 - 28, 1988. The Working conference was organized by the IFIP Working Group 7.5. The Proceedings also include 3 papers which were submitted, but for various reasons not presented at the Working Conference. The Working Conference was attended by 47 participants from 15 countries. The Conference was the second scientific meeting of a new IFIP Working Group 7.5 on "Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems". The purpose of the Working Group 7.5 is * to promote modern structural system optimization and reliability theory, * to advance international cooperation in the field of structural system opti- mization and reliability theory, * to stimulate research, development and application of structural system op- timization and reliability theory, * to further the dissemination and exchange of information on reliability and optimization of structural system optimization and reliability theory, * to encourage education in structural system optimization and reliability the- ory. At present the members of the Working Group are: A. H. S. Ang, USA M. R. Gorman, USA G. Augmti, Italy M. Grimmelt, Germany, F. R. M. J. Baker, United Kingdom N. C. Lind, Canada P. Bjerager, Norway H. O. Mad"en, Denmark A. Der Kiureghian, USA F. MO$e$, USA o. Ditlev"en, Denmark Y. Murol$u, Japan D. M. Frangopol, USA R. Rac/cwitz, Germany F. R.

This book provides an up-to-date survey of durability issues, with a particular focus on specification and design, and how to achieve durability in actual concrete construction. It is aimed at the practising engineer, but is also a valuable resource for graduate-level programs in universities. Along with background to current philosophies it gathers together in one useful reference a summary of current knowledge on concrete durability, includes information on modern concrete materials, and shows how these materials can be combined to produce durable concrete. The approach is consistent with the increasing focus on sustainability that is being addressed by the concrete industry, with the current emphasis on 'design for durability'.

In recent years, the Finite Element Methods FEM were more and more employed in development and design departments as very fast working tools in order to determine stresses, deformations, eigenfrequencies etc. for all kinds of constructions under complex loading conditions. Meanwhile. very effective software systems have been developed by various research teams although some mathematical problems (e. g. convergence) have not been solved satisfac torily yet. In order to make further advances and to find a common language between mathe maticians and mechanicians the "Society for Applied Mathematics and Mechanics" (GAMM) agreed on the foundation of a special Committee: "Discretization Methods in Solid Mechanics" focussing on the following problems: - Structuring of various methods (displacement functions, hybrid and mixed approaches, etc. >, - Survey of approach functions (Lagrange-/Hermite-polynominals, Spline-functions), - Description of singularities, - Convergence and stability, - Practical and theoretical optimality to all mentioned issues (single and interacting). One of the basic aims of the GAMM-Committee is the interdisciplinary cooperation between mechanicians, mathematicians, and users which shall be intensified. Thus, on September 22, 1985 the committee decided to hold a seminar on "Structural Optimization" in order to allow an exchange of experiences and thoughts between the experts of finite element methods and those of structural optimization. A GAMM-seminar entitled "Discretization Methods and Structural Optimization - Procedures and Applications" was hold on October 5-7, 1988 at the Unversity of Siegen."

From the Preface: This book constitutes an up to date presentation and development of stability theory in the Liapunov sense with various extensions and applications. Precise definitions of well known and new stability properties are given by the authors who present general results on the Liapunov stability properties of non-stationary systems which are out of the classical stability theory framework. The study involves the use of time varying sets and is broadened to time varying Lur'e-Postnikov systems and singularly perturbed systems... According to the amount and importance of definitions and stability criteria presented I consider that this book, initially published in Russian, represents the most complete one on stability theory proposed at this date. It interests all people concerned with stability problems in the largest sense and with security, reliability and robustness. "Professor Pierre Borne, Lille, France" #1

Structural Reliability Analysis and Prediction, Third Edition is a textbook which addresses the important issue of predicting the safety of structures at the design stage and also the safety of existing, perhaps deteriorating structures. Attention is focused on the development and definition of limit states such as serviceability and ultimate strength, the definition of failure and the various models which might be used to describe strength and loading. This book emphasises concepts and applications, built up from basic principles and avoids undue mathematical rigour. It presents an accessible and unified account of the theory and techniques for the analysis of the reliability of engineering structures using probability theory. This new edition has been updated to cover new developments and applications and a new chapter is included which covers structural optimization in the context of reliability analysis. New examples and end of chapter problems are also now included.

Following the popularity of the previous edition, Shallow Foundations: Bearing Capacity and Settlement, Third Edition, covers all the latest developments and approaches to shallow foundation engineering. In response to the high demand, it provides updated data and revised theories on the ultimate and allowable bearing capacities of shallow foundations. Additionally, it features the most recent developments regarding eccentric and inclined loading, the use of stone columns, settlement computations, and more. Example cases have been provided throughout each chapter to illustrate the theories presented.

As is known, classical theories of vibration of the most fre quently encountered structural elements (e. g., beams, plates and shells) disregard the effects of the shear deformation and rotary inertia. Refined theories, with these effects taken into account, have been pioneered by Bresse, Lord Rayleigh, Timoshenko, Eric Reissner, Mindlin and others. These refined theories have been fruitfully applied in recent decades in both theoretical and prac tical solid mechanics problems. The European Mechanics Committee approved holding EURO illCH Colloquium 219 on "Refined Dynamical Theories of Beams, Plates and Shells and Their Applications" for reviewing the recent devel opments, providing guidelines for future investigations and presenting a forum for current work of younger researchers. The Colloquium was held during September 23 - 26, 1986, at the Uni versitat-Gesamthochschule Kassel, in the city of Kassel, Federal Republic of Germany. 45 Representatives of academia and industry, from nine European countries, as well as from Israel, USA and India participated in this Colloquium. IV 36 lectures were presented during the five sessions: Session A: Theory of Vibrations of Plates and Shells Session B: Various Approaches for Dynamical Problems of Beams Session C: Random Vibrations and Dynamic Stability Session D: Vibrations of Composite Structures Session E: Special Dynamical Problems of Beams, Plates and Shells The papers in this volums were divided into two parts: papers of invited keynote lectures and those of the invited contributed lectures."

This highly successful book describes the background to the design principles, methods and procedures required in the design process for reinforced concrete structures. The easy to follow style makes it an ideal reference for students and professionals alike.

This highly successful textbook has been comprehensively revised for two main reasons: to bring the book up-to-date and make it compatible with BS8110 1985; and to take into account the increasing use made of microcomputers in civil engineering. An important new chapter on microcomputer applications has been added.

Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation comprises 360 papers that were presented at the Sixth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2016, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 September 2016). The papers reflect the broad scope of the SEMC conferences, and cover a wide range of engineering structures (buildings, bridges, towers, roofs, foundations, offshore structures, tunnels, dams, vessels, vehicles and machinery) and engineering materials (steel, aluminium, concrete, masonry, timber, glass, polymers, composites, laminates, smart materials).

The First Southern African Geotechnical Conference was organised by the Geotechnical Division of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE) under the auspices of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) and took place at Sun City, South Africa on 5 and 6 May 2016. More than 60 papers were received from authors in South Africa, Botswana, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Algeria, Austria, France, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. They represent consulting engineers and engineering geologists, contractors, academics and product specialists. The papers were grouped into the following themes: Foundations, Mining and Tailings, Modelling and Design, Site investigation, Soil Properties and Soil Reinforcement and Slopes. The wide range of topics is considered to be thoroughly representative of the current activities of the geotechnical industry in the Southern African Region.

An accessible, clear, concise, and contemporary course in geotechnical engineering design. * covers the major in geotechnical engineering * packed with self-test problems and projects with an on-line detailed solutions manual * presents the state-of-the-art field practice * covers both Eurocode 7 and ASTM standards (for the US)

Gives clear explanations of the logical design sequence for structural elements. The Structural Engineer says: `The book explains, in simple terms, and with many examples, Code of Practice methods for sizing structural sections in timber, concrete, masonry and steel. It is the combination into one book of section sizing methods in each of these materials that makes this text so useful....Students will find this an essential support text to the Codes of Practice in their study of element sizing'.

Dynamics is increasingly being identified by consulting engineers as one of the key skills which needs to be taught in civil engineering degree programs. This is driven by the trend towards lighter, more vibration-prone structures, the growth of business in earthquake regions, the identification of new threats such as terrorist attack and the increased availability of sophisticated dynamic analysis tools. Martin Williams presents this short, accessible introduction to the area of structural dynamics. He begins by describing dynamic systems and their representation for analytical purposes. The two main chapters deal with linear analysis of single (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems, under free vibration and in response to a variety of forcing functions. Hand analysis of continuous systems is covered briefly to illustrate the key principles. Methods of calculation of non-linear dynamic response is also discussed. Lastly, the key principles of random vibration analysis are presented - this approach is crucial for wind engineering and is increasingly important for other load cases. An appendix briefly summarizes relevant mathematical techniques. Extensive use is made of worked examples, mostly drawn from civil engineering (though not exclusively - there is considerable benefit to be gained from emphasizing the commonality with other branches of engineering). This introductory dynamics textbook is aimed at upper level civil engineering undergraduates and those starting an M.Sc. course in the area.

This state of the art report provides an in-depth, comprehensive technical survey of the three main coating protection systems for steel reinforcement: hot-dip galvanizing epoxy-coating PVC-coating

Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Deformation and Design is the first textbook to adopt a design-led approach to the teaching of mechanical behavior of materials in which the underlying fundamental science is presented in the context of design. This approach has been found to help motivate and engage students through real-life case studies and illustrative applications. In addition to the design-led approach, Mishra and Charit cover newer content not found in other textbooks, such as recent advances in microstructural characterization techniques and up-to-date presentation of fundamentals that link the microstructure of engineering materials with realistic mechanical response.