In the structural design of airframes and buildings, probability-based procedures are used to mitigate the risk of failure as well as produce cost-effective designs. This book introduces the subject of probabilistic analysis to structural and fire protection engineers and can also be used as a reference to guide those applying this technology. In addition to providing an understanding of how fire affects structures and how to optimize the performance of structural framing systems, Probability-Based Structural Fire Load provides guidance for design professionals and is a resource for educators. The goal of this book is to bridge the gap between prescriptive and probability-based performance design methods and to simplify very complex and comprehensive computer analyses to the point that stochastic structural fire loads have a simple, approximate analytical expression that can be used in structural analysis and design on a day-to-day basis. Numerous practical examples are presented in step-by-step computational form.

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1885 Excerpt: ... be landed on the island. Distance from the mainland, and difficulties in landing are the main obstacles in such cases, and were the causes of the preference for iron being given in the construction of the Roches-Douvres lighthouse. Bock Lighthouses. The really serious difficulties in lighthouse construction arise when a lighthouse has to be built on an isolated rock in the sea, at a distance from the mainland, where no shelter for the workmen can be provided, where the materials have to be landed on the rock as they are required, and more especially when the rock is covered by the tide, and the approach is difficult, uncertain, and even dangerous at times. The important considerations for these lighthouses are the level of the rock in relation to the sea level, the extent of the rock and its hardness, the exposure of the site, and its distance from the nearest suitable port for the conveyance of materials. In many cases the rock forming the foundation for the lighthouse is below high water, of which all the illustrations given are instances. (Plate 9, Figs. 1 to 9.) In some places the rock rises very little above low-water level, and is restricted in area, as at Bell Rock, Minot's Ledge, Des Barges, 364 Difficulties-in erecting Rock Lighthouses. pt. 1. and Ar-men; whilst at Spectacle Reef in Lake Huron, where there is no rise of tide, the rock is several feet below the surface of the water. Unless the rock is hard, compact, and without f1ssures, it is inexpedient to erect a lighthouse upon it, as the tower increases the surf on the rock, and by its weight on a small base, and the shocks which it transmits to its foundations, would soon impair any unsound portions of the rock. The strokes of the sea against Smeaton's Eddystone lighthouse caused the shaking ...

This unique book explores both theoretical and experimental aspects of nonlinear vibrations and stability of shells and plates. It is ideal for researchers, professionals, students, and instructors. Expert researchers will find the most recent progresses in nonlinear vibrations and stability of shells and plates, including advanced problems of shells with fluid-structure interaction. Professionals will find many practical concepts, diagrams, and numerical results, useful for the design of shells and plates made of traditional and advanced materials. They will be able to understand complex phenomena such as dynamic instability, bifurcations, and chaos, without needing an extensive mathematical background. Graduate students will find (i) a complete text on nonlinear mechanics of shells and plates, collecting almost all the available theories in a simple form, (ii) an introduction to nonlinear dynamics, and (iii) the state of art on the nonlinear vibrations and stability of shells and plates, including fluid-structure interaction problems.

This text introduces the basic equations of the theory of structures. Conventional presentations of these equations follow the ideas of elastic analysis, introduced nearly two hundred years ago. The present book is written against the background of advances made in structural theory during the last fifty years, notably by the introduction of so-called plastic theory. Tests on real structures in the twentieth century revealed that structural states predicted by elastic analysis cannot in fact be observed in practice, whereas plastic ideas can be used to give accurate estimates of strength. Strength is discussed in the first part of this book without reference to equations of elastic deformation. However, the designer is concerned also with stiffness, for which elastic analysis is needed, and the standard equations (suitable, for example, for computer programming) are presented. Finally, stability is analyzed, which again is essentially an elastic phenomenon, and it is shown that a higher factor of safety is required to guard against buckling than that required to guarantee straightforward strength. The emphasis throughout is on the derivation and application of the structural equations, rather than on details of their solution (nowadays best done by computer), and the numerical examples are deliberately kept simple."

Between July 1761, when a navigable aqueduct opened on the Bridgewater Canal at Barton-upon-Irwell, and July 1963, date of the completion of the Thelwall Viaduct on the M6 near Warrington, Britain would see the construction of a great number of aqueducts and viaducts. Emblems of the industrial age, from unassuming arches built to carry canals over streams to immense multi-span structures conveying railways across estuaries or roads above plains, each bridge has its own distinctive history and character. In this book, Victoria Owens takes a look at the fascinating history behind some of the most iconic landmarks of the British landscape, charting the ambitions of the engineers who designed them, the endurance of the labourers who built them and the impact that they have made upon the face of the nation. Numerous photographs illustrate the text, and grid references give a guide to the bridges' locations.

Encouraging creative uses of reinforced concrete, Principles of Reinforced Concrete Design draws a clear distinction between fundamentals and professional consensus. This text presents a mixture of fundamentals along with practical methods. It provides the fundamental concepts required for designing reinforced concrete (RC) structures, emphasizing principles based on mechanics, experience, and experimentation, while encouraging practitioners to consult their local building codes. The book presents design choices that fall in line with the boundaries defined by professional consensus (building codes), and provides reference material outlining the design criteria contained in building codes. It includes applications for both building and bridge structural design, and it is applicable worldwide, as it is not dependent upon any particular codes. Contains concise coverage that can be taught in one semester Underscores the fundamental principles of behavior Provides students with an understanding of the principles upon which codes are based Assists in navigating the labyrinth of ever-changing codes Fosters an inherent understanding of design The text also provides a brief history of reinforced concrete. While the initial attraction for using reinforced concrete in building construction has been attributed to its fire resistance, its increase in popularity was also due to the creativity of engineers who kept extending its limits of application. Along with height achievement, reinforced concrete gained momentum by providing convenience, plasticity, and low-cost economic appeal. Principles of Reinforced Concrete Design provides undergraduate students with the fundamentals of mechanics and direct observation, as well as the concepts required to design reinforced concrete (RC) structures, and applies to both building and bridge structural design.

A concise introduction to the principles and practices of structural dynamics This hands-on textbook lays out essential structural dynamics concepts and effective calculation methods as well as the latest computing tools. You will review practical problems that reinforce key concepts and connect theoretical formulations to civil engineering practice. Each chapter of the book begins with a set of learning objectives and ends with a chapter summary and key takeaways for a guided review of content. Essentials of Structural Dynamics is ideal both for students and for practicing engineers who need to brush up on current techniques. The book contains detailed examples throughout covering all essential aspects of structural dynamics analysis and design. You will gain access to a variety of digital resources for both students and instructors, including image galleries, PowerPoint presentations, and MATLAB scripts. Contains electronic image galleries, PowerPoint presentations, and MATLAB scripts Combines the fundamentals of structural dynamics and modern computational tools Written by a pair of experienced civil engineering educators

Costing at the time GBP1.8 million to complete, the Severn Tunnel was a Victorian engineering triumph, and for over a century it remained the longest rail tunnel in Britain. Construction had begun in 1873 but came to a standstill after the workings were inundated by water in 1879. An accomplished civil engineering contractor, Thomas Andrew Walker (1828-89) had worked on railways in Canada, Russia and Africa as well as on London's new underground lines; he was therefore well qualified to complete the Severn Tunnel, which was achieved in 1886. First published in 1888, Walker's first-hand account of the problematic project remains an engaging source for railway and engineering historians, and its detailed account of the ground encountered will also interest geologists. Replete with plans and maps, reissued here is the second edition of 1890, the year following Walker's death, which is likely to have been hastened by overwork.

Tension Structures, Second edition delivers a unique coverage of the topic of tension structures ranging from a variety of pre-stressed cable net and fabric roofing forms to suspension bridge cables. The emphasis is on finding minimum energy forms of these structures by analogy to nature. Tension Structures, Second edition: * features a number of projects detailing structural form and behaviour of tension structures * offers an exclusive perspective that brings together fabric and cable structures, suspension bridge cables, and rigid structural forms, such as arches and shells * provides unique insights into numerical modelling of cable and fabric structures * includes brand new sections on modelling of suspension bridge cables and demonstrates its relevance to conceptual design of arch structures * presents the latest approaches to patterning of fabric structures As a permanent fixture of modern architecture, tension structures demonstrate their potential for creating aesthetically pleasing art forms and offer wonderful design opportunities that arise from their ability to span large distances with elegance and structural efficiency. Tension Structures, Second edition compiles a vast amount of knowledge while providing an accessible entry to a rather specialised field. The mathematical expositions are set at an undergraduate level and, wherever possible, non-mathematical language is used to aid the understanding of fundamental concepts. The book will be of interest to researchers studying tension structures, engineering and architectural students, practising civil and structural engineers, architects, and scientists developing computational methodologies for non-linear problems in areas other than civil engineering.

This textbook, first published in 2006, provides the student of aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering with all the fundamentals of linear structural dynamics analysis. It is designed for an advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate course. This textbook is a departure from the usual presentation in two important respects. First, descriptions of system dynamics are based on the simpler to use Lagrange equations. Second, no organizational distinctions are made between multi-degree of freedom systems and single-degree of freedom systems. The textbook is organized on the basis of first writing structural equation systems of motion, and then solving those equations mostly by means of a modal transformation. The text contains more material than is commonly taught in one semester so advanced topics are designated by an asterisk. The final two chapters can also be deferred for later studies. The text contains numerous examples and end-of-chapter exercises.

This short book analyses the dynamic stability with respect to small perturbations, as well as the local damage of geometrically nonlinear elastic, spatially curved, open section beams with axial precompression. Transient waves, which are the surfaces of strong discontinuity and wherein the stress and strain fields experience discontinuities, are used as small perturbations; in so doing the discontinuities are considered to be of small magnitude. Such waves are initiated during low-velocity impacts upon thin-walled beams. The theory of discontinuities and the method of ray expansions which allow one to find the desired fields behind the fronts of the transient waves in terms of discontinuities in time-derivatives of the values to be found, are used as the methods of solution for short-time dynamic processes. The example of using the ray expansions for analyzing the impact response of spatially curved thin-walled beams of open profile is demonstrated by solving the problem about the normal impact of an elastic hemispherical-nosed rod upon an elastic arch representing itself a channel-beam curved along an arc of the circumference. The influence of the initial stresses on the dynamic fields has been investigated.

This best-selling textbook provides a straightforward and practical introduction to the principles and methods used in the design of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, and has been used and trusted by generations of students. The book contains many worked examples to illustrate the various aspects of design that are presented in the text. Design charts, tables and formulae are included as design aids and, for ease of reference, an appendix contains a summary of important design information. This text is aimed at undergraduates and postgraduates as well as practitioners, both in the UK and elsewhere in the world where Eurocode 2 has been adopted, as a concise guide both to the basic theory and to appropriate design procedures. New to this Edition: - Completely revised to reflect recent experience of the usage of Euro code 2 since its introduction in 2004 and its adoption in the UK as a design standard in 2010 - Further examples of the theory put into practice - A new chapter on water retaining structures in accordance with Euro code 2, Part 3 - New sections on, for example, design processes including conceptual design, deep beams and an expanded treatment of designing for fire resistance Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/reinforced-concrete-design-7e. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.

Thomas Stevenson (1818 1887) was the son of the engineer Robert Stevenson, and father of the writer Robert Louis Stevenson. Like his brothers David and Alan, he became a lighthouse designer, being responsible for over thirty examples around Scotland. Throughout his career he was interested in the theory as well as the practice of his profession, and published over sixty articles on engineering and meteorology. He was an international expert on lighthouses and harbour engineering. This work was first published in 1864 as a development of his article on harbours in the eighth edition (1857) of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and considerably expanded in a second edition of 1874 which is reprinted here. Stevenson studied how the wind, waves and tides would act on the coastline and man-made structures, and the design of each harbour needed to take a wide range of factors into consideration.

A magnesium sulphate attack is one of the main issues that challenge civil engineering projects, in particular in coastal, landfill, and mining areas. This phenomenon reduces the stability of the structure and causes a complete failure for the system over time. Previous studies mainly focused on investigating the effects of magnesium sulphate attacks on concrete and from a structural point of view, and only a low number of studies investigated the effects of a magnesium sulphate attack on soil from a geotechnical point of view. The investigation on the effect of a magnesium sulphate attack is an important issue, particularly for stabilised soils that have a role in maintaining the integrity of foundations, slopes, embankments, etc. Portland cement (PC) is widely used in ground improvements and geotechnical engineering projects as an additive to improve the mechanical behaviour of soil. However, PC is effective to improve the engineering characteristics of soil; it is weak when exposed to the magnesium sulphate concentration. This book investigates the behaviour of different soils when treated with PC and after exposure to magnesium sulphate contamination. Also, the effect of some abundant materials in the environment such as carbon in the mechanical behaviour of stabilised soil has been investigated. The investigations have focused on shear strength and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) as two main important characteristics of stabilised soils, and they investigate their relevant characteristics. In this study, deep investigations have been conducted to figure out the behaviour of the magnesium sulphate concentration soils. However, additional research and study is required to procure a clear understanding of the interactions of the stabilised soils with magnesium sulphate concentration.

This 2006 book presents a systematic introduction to the theory of parametric stability of structures under both deterministic and stochastic loadings. A comprehensive range of theories are presented and various application problems are formulated and solved, often using more than one approach. Investigation of an elastic system's dynamic stability frequently leads to the study of dynamic behaviour of the solutions of parametrically excited systems. Parametric instability or resonance is more dangerous than ordinary resonance as it is characterised by exponential growth of the response amplitudes even in the presence of damping. The emphasis in this book is on the applications and various analytical and numerical methods for solving engineering problems. The materials presented are as self-contained as possible, with all of the important steps of analysis provided in order to make the book suitable as a graduate-level textbook and especially for self-study.

This up-to-date self-study system delivers comprehensive coverage of all topics on the current version of the Structural Engineering SE exam Take the latest version of the Structural Engineering (SE) exam with confidence using the information contained in this revised study guide. Structural Engineering SE All-in-One Exam Guide: Breadth and Depth, Second Edition offers background material, real-world examples, sample problems, and accurate practice exams-all in a single volume. This edition features updated regulations and includes additional practice questions, both multiple choice and essay. Using the tried-and-true "All-in-One" format, the book reviews every topic on the test, including building systems, structural analysis, seismic and wind analysis, structural materials, and bridges. Special emphasis is placed on simple and complex code provisions that appear on the exam. Strategies for taking the exam are discussed, giving you insight into how the test is written and graded. Offers comprehensive coverage of every area of the Structural Engineering SE exam Includes practice tests for each portion of the exam and practice essay questions for both buildings and bridges Written by a practicing engineer with first-hand knowledge of how the NCEES develops and grades the SE exam

Natural disasters are occasional intense events that disturb Earth's surface, but their impact can be felt long after. Hazard events such as earthquakes, volcanos, drought, and storms can trigger a catastrophic reshaping of the landscape through the erosion, transport, and deposition of different kinds of materials. Geomorphology and Natural Hazards: Understanding Landscape Change for Disaster Mitigation is a graduate level textbook that explores the natural hazards resulting from landscape change and shows how an Earth science perspective can inform hazard mitigation and disaster impact reduction. Volume highlights include: Definitions of hazards, risks, and disasters Impact of different natural hazards on Earth surface processes Geomorphologic insights for hazard assessment and risk mitigation Models for predicting natural hazards How human activities have altered 'natural' hazards Complementarity of geomorphology and engineering to manage threats

This 2007 book concerns the vibration and the stability of slender structural components. The loss of stability of structures is an important aspect of structural mechanics and is presented here in terms of dynamic behavior. A variety of structural components are analyzed with a view to predicting their response to various (primarily axial) loading conditions. A number of different techniques are presented, with experimental verification from the laboratory. Practical applications are widespread, ranging from cables to space structures. The book presents methods by which the combined effects of vibration and buckling on various structures can be assessed. Vibrations and buckling are usually treated separately, but in this book their influence on each other is examined together, with examples when a combined approach is necessary. The avoidance of instability is the primary goal of this material.

This volume provides a concise, historical review of the methods of structural analysis and design - from Galileo in the seventeenth century, to the present day. Through it, students in structural engineering and professional engineers will gain a deeper understanding of the theory behind the modern software packages they use daily in structural design. This book also offers the reader a lucid examination of the process of structural analysis and how it relates to modern design. The first three chapters cover questions about the strength of materials, and how to calculate local effects. An account is then given of the development of the equations of elastic flexure and buckling, followed by a separate chapter on masonry arches. Three chapters on the overall behaviour of elastic structures lead to a discussion of plastic behaviour, and a final chapter indicates that there are still problems needing solution.

PENGUIN SCIENCE

For those who find difficulty in communicating with engineers, Professor Gordon is a godsend

His The Science of Strong Materials made plain the secrets of materials science, and now with this volume he explains the importance and properties of different structures in a way, which will appeal to everyone.

Engineers will of course understand why the Greeks took the wheels off their chariots at night, why we get lumbago, why birds have feathers and how much science is involved in dressmaking as well as the strength of bridges, boats and aeroplanes. Professor Gordon explains all these things, showing how the need to be strong and to support various loads has influenced the development of all sorts of creatures and devices - including man. Lively and informative, this book describes the structural element in nature, technology and everyday life from modern viewpoints.

A good grasp of the theory of structures - the theoretical basis by which the strength, stiffness and stability of a building can be understood - is fundamental to structural engineers and architects. Yet most modern structural analysis and design is carried out by computer, with the user isolated from the processes in action. This book provides a broad introduction to the mathematics behind a range of structural processes. The basic structural equations have been known for at least 150 years, but modern plastic theory has opened up a fundamentally new way of advancing structural theory. Paradoxically, the powerful plastic theorems can be used to examine 'classic' elastic design activity, and strong mathematical relationships exist between these two approaches. Some of the techniques used in this book may be familiar to the reader, and some may not, but each of the topics examined will give the structural engineer valuable insight into the basis of the subject. This lucid volume provides a valuable read for structural engineers and others who wish to deepen their knowledge of the structural analysis and design of buildings.

Fully updated, this new edition of Sustainable Infrastructure: Principles into practice is an essential practical handbook to help engineers deliver sustainable outcomes. Covering each stage of the project lifecycle, from planning and development through to implementation, in-use and end-of-life phases, the book presents a set of fundamental principles and tools to guide sustainable decision making. Sustainable Infrastructure: Principles into Practice is an essential reference for civil engineers and a broad range of built environment professionals which helps to embed sustainability concepts and concerns into everyday engineering projects, and also graduate students preparing to enter the industry.

The study of structural instability plays a role of primary importance in the field of applied mechanics. Despite the remarkable progresses made in the recent past years, the structural instability remains one of the most challenging topics in applied - chanics. Many problems have bee:: solved in the last decades but still many others remain to be solved satisfactorily. The increasing number of papers published in jo- nals and conferences organized by ECCS, SSRC, IUTAM, and EUROMECH strongly indicates the interest of scientists and engineers in the subject. A careful examination of these publications shows that they tend to fall into one of the two categories. The first is that of practical design direction in which methods for analyzing specific stability problems related to some specific structural typologies are developed. The research works are restricted to determining the critical load, considering that it is sufficient to know the limits of stability range. These studies are invaluable since their aim is to provide solutions to practical problems, to supply the designer with data useful for design and prepare norms, specifications and codes. The second direction is that of theoretical studies, aiming at a mathematical modeling of the instability problems, for a better understanding of the phenomena. In these studies, special emphasis is placed on the behavior of structures after the loss of stability in the post-critical range. This approach is less familiar to designers as its results have not yet become part of current structural design practice.

The study of structural analysis and design is a central subject in civil, aeronautical, and mechanical engineering. This book presents a modern and unified introduction to structural analysis, with a strong emphasis on how structures actually behave. The unifying theme is the application of energy methods, developed without the formal mathematics of the calculus of variations. The energy approach makes it possible to articulate the logical relationship between equilibrium and compatibility; emphasize the unity of structural analysis, particularly for indeterminate structures; and identify the roles of idealization and discretization in structural modeling. Thus, energy methods also serve as a prelude to the main ideas behind modern computational approaches to structural analysis and design. As an aid to upper-level undergraduate students in mastering this material, the text includes numerous worked examples, as well as homework problems.