Deterioration of cement-based materials is a continuing problem, as it results in the substantial shortening of the lives of conventional concrete structures. The main costs result from poor performance and the need for early repair. With more advanced applications, where very long service lives are essential, such as the storage of nuclear waste, an understanding of the degradation processes in order to predict long term performance is very important. this book forms the proceedings of the latest Symposia at the Materials Research Society Autumn meeting in Boston.

Corrosion-resistant, electromagnetic transparent and lightweight fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are accepted as valid alternatives to steel in concrete reinforcement. Reinforced Concrete with FRP Bars: Mechanics and Design, a technical guide based on the authors' more than 30 years of collective experience, provides principles, algorithms, and practical examples. Well-illustrated with case studies on flexural and column-type members, the book covers internal, non-prestressed FRP reinforcement. It assumes some familiarity with reinforced concrete, and excludes prestressing and near-surface mounted reinforcement applications. The text discusses FRP materials properties, and addresses testing and quality control, durability, and serviceability. It provides a historical overview, and emphasizes the ACI technical literature along with other research worldwide. Includes an explanation of the key physical mechanical properties of FRP bars and their production methods Provides algorithms that govern design and detailing, including a new formulation for the use of FRP bars in columns Offers a justification for the development of strength reduction factors based on reliability considerations Uses a two -story building solved in Mathcad (R) that can become a template for real projects This book is mainly intended for practitioners and focuses on the fundamentals of performance and design of concrete members with FRP reinforcement and reinforcement detailing. Graduate students and researchers can use it as a valuable resource. Antonio Nanni is a professor at the University of Miami and the University of Naples Federico II. Antonio De Luca and Hany Zadeh are consultant design engineers.

Provides a practical design guide to the structural use of aluminium. The first chapters outline basic aluminium technology and the advantages of using aluminium in many structural applications. The major part of the book deals with structural design and presents very clear guidance for designers, with numerous diagrams, charts and examples.

Pile Foundations are an essential basis for many structures. It is vital that they be designed with the utmost reliability, because the cost of failure is potentially huge. Covering a whole range of design issues relating to pile design, this book presents economical and efficient design solutions and demonstrates them using real world examples. Coverage includes nonlinear response of single piles to vertical or torsional loading and to cyclic lateral loading, as well as prediction of nonlinear response of lateral pile groups, vertically loaded pile groups and the design of slope stabilising piles. Most solutions are provided as closed-form expressions. Theory and Practice of Pile Foundations is: illustrated with case studies accompanied by practical applications in Excel and MathCad the first book to incorporate nonlinear interaction into pile design. A valuable resource for students of geotechnical engineering taking courses in foundations and a vital tool for engineers designing pile foundations.

This book includes examinations of the role of full-scale buildings in the development of structural design methods and recommendations on improved construction practice and safety of building occupants in the event of fire and explosion.

This book is concerned with the long term durability of concrete as a structural material as used in the construction of buildings, bridges, roads, marine and civil engineering structures. It discusses the fundamental reasons for the deterioration of concrete over time and available techniques for detecting, remedying and preventing the deterioration.

During the last decade, the state of the art in Earthquake Engineering Design and Analysis has made significant steps towards a more rationale analysis of structures. Scientists have long recognized that earthquake design is guided by displacements and deformations rather than forces. However due to the historical background of structural engineers in static analyses, effects of earthquake on structures have been viewed as forces acting on the structures. All presently available design building codes are developed along these lines. Our knowledge of ground motion characteristics, earthquake geotechnical engineering, structural behaviour (design and numerical analyses) and model tests have advanced to a point where it is possible to anticipate a significant move from force based design approaches to displacements based design approaches. Although displacement based analyses constitute the kernel of most research programs, they have not yet been incorporated in the state of practice.

The purpose of the book is to review the fundamentals of displacement based methods, starting from engineering seismology, earthquake geotechnical engineering, to focus on design, analysis and testing of structures with emphasis on buildings and bridges.

While engineers and surveyors are not urban planners, they are often engaged in urban development. Therefore, a high degree of competence in civil engineering specialties such as surveying and mapping, highway and transportation engineering, water resources engineering, environmental engineering, and, particularly, municipal engineering requires an understanding of urban development problems and urban planning objectives, principles, and practices. With this in mind, City Planning for Civil Engineers, Environmental Engineers, and Surveyors focuses on areas of urban planning with which civil and environmental engineers and surveyors are most likely to come into contact or conflict, in which engineers and surveyors may be required to participate, and for which engineers may be required to provide necessary leadership.

The text stresses basic concepts and principles of practice involved in urban planning as most widely practiced, particularly in small- and medium-sized communities. It introduces engineering students to land use planning as a foundation for infrastructure systems planning and development. It also presents plan implementation devices such as zoning, land subdivision control, official mapping, and capital improvement programming. It describes the factors affecting good land subdivision design and improvement. In addition, the text illustrates the importance of good mapping and control surveys for planning purposes. Written from the perspective that cities are social and economic as well as physical entities, the book offers a historical context for urban planning.

There are a large number of texts on the subject of urban planning, but most generally do not address in any comprehensive way the engineering problems encountered in urban planning. This book delineates these problems and stresses the importance of close cooperation between civil engineers and planning professionals to achieving effective urban planning. Armed with this information, students can become more knowledgeable participants in the urban planning process and more effective members of urban planning teams and governmental and consulting agency staff.

In dealing with extreme loads on structures, simple approximations of key variables can indicate if there is a threat of collapse. The ability to determine such variables early on strongly impacts the decisions about the engineering approach to adopt. Formulas for Mechanical and Structural Shock and Impact is a self-contained and concise presentation of formulas and methodology you can use to determine dynamic response to shock loads, to help you decide on the optimal design. This book offers insight into how objects and structures respond to sudden, strong-and generally short-impulses. In our computer-oriented environment, in which structural programs are used for most large analytical tasks, engineers can still benefit from certain manual calculations and analytical methods to quickly assess the situation at hand. Exploring a range of mechanical and civil engineering applications, the text enables engineers to manually calculate what happens to structures and objects when pushed, pulled, jerked, or blasted by providing ready access to formulas required for advanced problem solving. It describes relatively simple methods of dealing with many design situations, in which simple spreadsheets or MathCad are sometimes employed. These scenarios may include: Determination of preliminary figures on the anticipated dynamic response of a system that is in an early stage of design and for which a full-scale computation is not practical Preparations for physical testing or for large-scale calculations, during which a dynamic model is generated Indirect verification of computer-generated results, to explain questionable results or guard against hidden errors Structural safety can be facilitated through the use of simple approximate solutions early in the design process, often eliminating the need for complicated and more involved solutions later. This book is a valuable companion for modern

Tools to Safeguard New Buildings and Assess Existing Ones
Nonlinear analysis methods such as static pushover are globally considered a reliable tool for seismic and structural assessment. But the accuracy of seismic capacity estimates which can prevent catastrophic loss of life and astronomical damage repair costs depends on the use of the correct basic input parameters.

Seismic Design Aids for Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures simplifies the estimation of those vital parameters. Many design engineers make the relatively common mistake of using default properties of materials as input to nonlinear analyses without realizing that any minor variation in the nonlinear characteristics of constitutive materials, such as concrete and steel, could result in a solution error that leads to incorrect assessment or interpretation.

Streamlined Analysis Using a Mathematical Model
To achieve a more accurate pushover analysis and improve general performance-based design, this book reassesses some key inputs, including axial force-bending moment yield interaction, moment-curvature, and moment-rotation characteristics. It analyzes these boundaries using a detailed mathematical model of reinforced concrete sections based on international codes, and then proposes design curves and tables derived from the authors studies using a variety of nonlinear tools, computer programs, and software. The text reviews relevant literature and describes mathematical modeling, detailing numerical procedures step by step.

Including supplementary online material that can be used to compute any parameter, this reference delineates nonlinear properties of materials so that they can be used instantly for seismic analysis without having to solve cumbersome equations.

The spectacular structures of today, such as large suspension bridges, are the result of scientific principles established during the new iron age of the nineteenth century. The book is concerned with a detailed and critical account of the development and application of those principles (including statics and elasticity) by people of remarkable talent in applied mathematics and engineering. They were, of course, mainly motivated by the demands of the railway, construction boom. Among the outstanding examples chosen by the author is Robert Stephenson’s use of novel principles for the design and erection of the Britannia tubular iron bridge over the Menai Straits. A History of the Theory of Structures in the Nineteenth Century is a uniquely comprehensive account of a century of the development of the theory; an account which skilfully blends the personalities and the great works and which is enlivened by little-known accounts of friendship and controversy.

Life-cycle analysis is a systematic tool for efficient and effective service life management of deteriorating structures. In the last few decades, theoretical and practical approaches for life-cycle performance and cost analysis have been developed extensively due to increased demand on structural safety and service life extension. This book presents the state-of-the-art in life-cycle analysis and maintenance optimization for fatigue-sensitive structures. Both theoretical background and practical applications have been provided for academics, engineers and researchers. Concepts and approaches of life-cycle performance and cost analysis developed in recent decades are presented. The major topics covered include (a) probabilistic concepts of life-cycle performance and cost analysis, (b) inspection, monitoring and maintenance for fatigue cracks, (c) estimation of fatigue crack detection, (d) optimum inspection and monitoring planning, (e) multi-objective life-cycle optimization, and (f) decision making in life-cycle analysis. Life-cycle optimization covered in the book considers probability of fatigue crack detection, fatigue crack damage detection time, maintenance times, probability of failure, service life and total life-cycle cost. For the practical application and integration of recently developed approaches for inspection and maintenance planning, efficient and effective multi-objective optimization and decision making are presented. This book will help engineers engaged in civil and marine structures including students, researchers and practitioners with reliable and cost-effective maintenance planning of fatigue-sensitive structures, and to develop more advanced approaches and techniques in the field of life-cycle maintenance optimization and safety of structures under various aging and deteriorating conditions. Key Features: Provides the state-of-the-art in life-cycle cost analysis and optimization for fatigue-sensitive structures Provides a solid foundation of theoretical backgrounds and practical applications both for academics and practicing engineers and researchers Covers illustrative examples and recent development for optimum service life management Deals with various structures such as bridges and ships subjected to fatigue .

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) deals with assessment, evaluation and technical diagnosis of different structural systems of strategic importance. Extensive knowledge of SHM shall lead to a clear understanding of risk and reliability assessment of structures, which is currently mandatory for structures of strategic importance like bridges, offshore structures, etc.This comprehensive compendium features explanations and salient illustrations of SHM with applications to civil engineering structures, in general and offshore structures, in particular. The book is unique with respect to its contents, experimental case studies in lab scale and text presentation style. A detailed subject matter of this nature is currently scarce in the literature market.The must-have volume is a useful reference text for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, professionals, academics and researchers in civil engineering, ocean engineering, mechanical engineering, and structural engineering.

Demanding a thorough knowledge of material behaviour and numerical modelling, site characterisation and in situ test interpretation are no longer just basic empirical recommendations. Giving a critical appraisal of the understanding and assessment of the stress-strain-time and strength characteristics of geomaterials, this book explores new interpretation methods for measuring properties of a variety of soil formations. Emphasis is given to the five most commonly encountered in situ test techniques: standard penetration tests cone penetration tests vane test pressuremeter tests dilatometer tests Ideal for practising engineers in the fields of geomechanics and environmental engineering, this book solves numerous common problems in site characterisation. It is also a valuable companion for students coming to the end of their engineering courses and looking to work in this sector.

Updated and revised, this book presents the application of engineering design and analysis based on the approach of understanding the physical characteristics of a given problem and then modeling the important aspects of the physical system. This third edition provides coverage of new topics including contact stress analysis, singularity functions, gear stresses, fasteners, shafts, and shaft stresses. It introduces finite element methods as well as boundary element methods and also features worked examples, problems, and a section on the finite difference method and applications. This text is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students in mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineering.

Many important advances in designing modern structures have occurred over the last several years. Structural engineers need an authoritative source of information that thoroughly and concisely covers the foundational principles of the field. Comprising chapters selected from the second edition of the best-selling Handbook of Structural Engineering, Principles of Structural Design provides a tightly focused, concise, and valuable guide to the theoretical, practical, and computational aspects of structural design. This book systematically explores the fundamental concepts underlying structural design for each major type of structural material. Expert contributors authoritatively discuss steel structures, steel frame design using advanced analysis, cold-formed steel structures, reinforced concrete structures, prestressed concrete, and masonry, timber, and aluminum structures. For each construction material, the chapter explores the material properties, design considerations, and structural principles affecting overall design. Reflecting recent advances, the book includes two chapters devoted to reliability-based structural design and structure configuration based on wind engineering. Computational methods and simulation techniques illustrate the concepts of reliability-based design, while examples of real bridges highlight the application of wind engineering principles and methods. Principles of Structural Design couples fundamental concepts with advanced practices. It is an ideal introduction for newcomers to the field as well as a perfect review and quick-reference guide for seasoned engineers.

Modern hydraulic binders can be used effectively with Portland cement and supplementary cementitious materials to produce durable concrete. They also provide a means of recycling by-products from other industries and of decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases.
The first binders were discovered in ancient times when it was observed that new pozzolans mixed with lime could harden under water; and in the middle of the nineteen century the first artificial hydraulic binder, Portland cement, was discovered. By modifying the four basic oxides in the limestone and clay mix used in the production of Portland cement it is possible to modify significantly the practical properties of the clinker, and consequently the performance of the fresh and hardened concrete in which it is used.
Chemical admixtures can be used to disperse cement particles without the use of extra water, and so make concrete which is highly resistant to penetration by aggressive agents and of high durability and strength. Supplementary cementitious materials or fillers can be mixed with Portland cement to produce modern hydraulic binders and improve the ecological performance of concrete. The hydration process of a modern hydraulic binder is becoming quite complex because it involves the chemical reactivity of Portland cement clinker, of supplementary cementitious materials and of different types of admixtures. This has already resulted in great technological achievements such as high-performance concrete, self leveling concrete, confined concrete, high-performance roller compacted concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, and reactive powder concrete.

Cathodic protection of reinforced concrete structures is a technique for rescuing corrosion damaged structures and, in certain instances, preventing them from corroding in the first place, and its use is growing. This book is for specialist contractors, large consultants and owners of corrosion damaged structures, and looks at international experience with this technique. It examines why corrosion is occurring, the differences in the application of CP with the stark dichotomy in its success and failure, and finally ways in which its performance can be improved on future installations. Information is valuable, as the success or failure of the CP system has a marked effect on the service life of the structure.

Structural Building Design: Wind and Flood Loads is based upon the author's extensive experience in South Florida as a structural designer, building code official, and an expert witness. He has more than 30 years of engineering experience in the United States, Dubai, and India. The book illustrates the use of ASCE standards ASCE 7-16 and ASCE 24-14 in the calculations of wind and flood loads on building structures. Features: Discussions of the evolution of the ASCE 7 standards Includes discussion of wind load guidance in the International Building Code Examines the Building Envelope Product Approval System Includes numerous solved real-life examples of wind-related issues Presents numerous solved real-life examples demonstrating various flood load concepts

A typical subsystem found in almost all aircraft and space vehicles consists of beam, plate and/or shell elements attached to each other in a rigid or flexible manner. Due to limitations on their weights, the elements themselves must be highly flexible, and due to limitations on their initial configuration (i.e., before deployment), those aggregates often have to contain several links so that the substructure may be unfolded or telescoped once it is deployed. The defining philosophy of this monograph is that in order to understand completely the dynamic response of such a complex elastic structure, it is not sufficient to consider only its global motion but also necessary to take into account the flexibility of individual elements and the interaction and transmission of elastic effects such as bending, torsion, and axial deformations at junctions where members are connected to each other. Therefore, the purposes of this monograph are: to derive distributed parameter models of the transient behavior of some or all of the state and interval variables which describe the dynamic response of multiple-link flexible structures such as trusses, frames, robot arms, solar panels, antennae and deformable mirrors, based on the principles of continuum mechanics and under reasonable constraints on the geometry of the admissible deformations; to provide rigorous mathematical analyses of the resulting models; and to develop control theoretic properties of multiple-link flexible structures based on the control theoretic properties of the models. The modelling and analysis of these complicated and realistic structural configurations should be of interest to a diverse group of applied mathematicians, structural, aeronautical, aerospace, and mechanical engineers and to advanced graduate students working on such problems.

This volume provides a concise, historical review of the methods of structural analysis and design--from Galileo in the seventeenth century, to the present day. Through it, students in structural engineering and professional engineers will gain a deeper understanding of the theory behind the modern software packages they use daily in structural design. This book also offers the reader a lucid examination of the process of structural analysis and how it relates to modern design. The first three chapters cover questions about the strength of materials, and how to calculate local effects. An account is then given of the development of the equations of elastic flexure and buckling, followed by a separate chapter on masonry arches. Three chapters on the overall behavior of elastic structures lead to a discussion of plastic behavior, and a final chapter indicates that there are still problems needing solution.

Elastic shells are pervasive in everyday life. Examples of these thin-walled structures range from automobile hoods to basketballs, veins and arteries, and soft drink cans. This book explains shell theory, with numerous examples and applications. This second edition not only brings all the material of the first edition entirely up to date; it also adds two entirely new chapters on general shell theory and general membrane theory. Aerospace, mechanical, and civil engineers, as well as applied mathematicians, will find this book a clearly written and thorough information source on shell theory.

Elastic structures, conceived as slender bodies able to transmit loads, have been studied by scientists and engineers for centuries. By the seventeenth century several useful theories of elastic structures had emerged, with applications to civil and mechanical engineering problems. In recent years improved mathematical tools have extended applications into new areas such as geomechanics and biomechanics. This book, first published in 1998, offers a critically filtered collection of the most significant theories dealing with elastic slender bodies. It includes mathematical models involving elastic structures, which are used to solve practical problems with particular emphasis on nonlinear problems. This collection of interesting and important problems in elastic structures will appeal to a broad range of scientists, engineers and graduate students working in the area of structural mechanics.

The accelerated, and often uncontrolled, growth of the cities has contributed to the ecological transformation of their immediate surroundings. Factors contributing to the urban vulnerability include: lowering or rising of the water table, subsidence, loss of bearing capacity of soil foundations and instability of slopes. Recent catastrophic earthquakes highlight the poor understanding by decision makers of seismic related risk, as well as the tendency of some builders to use the cheapest designs and construction materials to increase short-term economic returns on their investment.

Losses from earthquakes will continue to increase if we do not shift towards proactive solution. Disaster reduction is both an issue for consideration in the sustainable development agenda and a cross-cutting issue relating to the social, economic, environmental and humanitarian sectors. As location is the key factor, which determines the level of risk associated with a hazard, land-use plans and mapping should be used as tools to identify the most suitable usage for vulnerable areas.

The present volume contains a total of 23 papers centred on the research area of Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings. This subject also forms the core of Project SfP977231, sponsored by the NATO Science for Peace Office and supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey [ TUBIT AK ]. Most of these papers were presented by the authors at a NATO Science for Peace Workshop held in Izmir on 13 - 14 May, 2003 and reflect a part of their latest work conducted within the general confines of the title of the NATO Project. Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey serves as the hub of Project SfP977231 and coordinates research under the project with universities within Turkey, e. g. Istanbul Technical University and Kocaeli University, and with partner institutions in Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: A few articles have also been contributed by invited experts, who are all noted researchers in the field. Altogether, the contents of the volume deal with a vast array of problems in Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation and cover a wide range of possible solutions, techniques and proposals. It is intended to touch upon many of these aspects separately below. Earthquakes constitute possibly the most widely spread and also the most feared of natural hazards. Recent earthquakes within the first six months of 2003, such as the Bingol Earthquake in Turkey and the Algerian earthquake, have caused both loss of life and severe damage to property.