"Structural and Failure Mechanics of Sandwich Composites" by Leif A. Carlsson and George A. Kardomateas focuses on some important deformation and failure modes of sandwich panels such as global buckling, wrinkling and local instabilities, and face/core debonding. The book also provides the mechanics background necessary for understanding deformation and failure mechanisms in sandwich panels and the response of sandwich structural parts to a variety of loadings. Specifically, first-order and high-order sandwich panel theories, and three-dimensional elasticity solutions for the structural behavior outlined in some detail. Elasticity analysis can serve as a benchmark for judging the accuracy of simplified sandwich plate, shell and beam theories. Furthermore, the book reviews test methods developed for the characterization of the constituent face and core materials, and sandwich beams and plates. The characterization of face/core debonding is a major topic of this text, and analysis methods based on fracture mechanics are described and applied to several contemporary test specimens. Test methods and results documented in the literature are included and discussed. The book will benefit structural and materials engineers and researchers with the desire to learn more about structural behavior, failure mechanisms, fracture mechanics and damage tolerance of sandwich structures.

Starting with the receipt of materials and continuing all the way through to the final completion of the construction phase, Concrete and Steel Construction: Quality Control and Assurance examines all the quality control and assurance methods involving reinforced concrete and steel structures. This book explores the proper ways to achieve high-quality construction projects, and also provides a strong theoretical and practical background. It introduces information on quality techniques and quality management, and covers the principles of quality control. The book presents all of the quality control and assurance protocols and non-destructive test methods necessary for concrete and steel construction projects, including steel materials, welding and mixing, and testing. It covers welding terminology and procedures, and discusses welding standards and procedures during the fabrication process, as well as the welding codes. It also considers the total quality management system based on ISO 9001, and utilizes numerous international and industry building standards and codes. Covers AISC, ACI, BS, and AWS codes Examines methods for concrete quality control in hot and cold weather applications, as well as material properties Illustrates methods for non-destructive testing of concrete and for steel welding-radiographic, ultrasonic, and penetration and other methods. Addresses ISO 9001 standards-designed to provide organizations better quality control systems Includes a checklist to be considered as a QA template Developed as a handbook for industry professionals, this book also serves as a resource for anyone who is working in construction and on non-destructive inspection testing for concrete and steel structures.

Modal Analysis Topics Volume 3. Proceedings of the 29th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2011, the third volume of six from the Conference, brings together over 30 contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Structural Dynamics.

There is an increasing number of buildings that require informed decisions to be made about their continued safety and serviceability. Although social and economic issues are often all-important influences, the technical issues nevertheless need to be addressed objectively, efficiently and reliably. This book shows how monitoring the physical behaviour of a structure can assist the engineer to meet these conditions when making an assessment. The book is aimed primarily at the practising engineer charged with making recommendations in respect of safety and serviceability. By the same token, it will be of value to the client specifying a brief for assessment or evaluating the report of an investigation which involves monitoring. The book will also be one of reference for those engaged in research involving monitoring, and an aid to the advanced student who needs to understand better the full-scale performance in service of building structures. The need to assess safety and serviceability may arise for a variety of reasons, ranging from problems developing in service to change of use or the introduction of innovative features at the design stage. These reasons are explored in the first chapter which establishes a philosophy by which the assessing engineer can determine appropriate courses of action. Observations and measurements which do not address the real issues are worthless but too much information which cannot be effectively digested and interpreted is also not useful.

Engineering materials are mainly used for structures. Therefore high-strength, stiffness and sufficient toughness are of prime importance. For a long time engineers thought first in terms of metals. Ma terial scientists developed alloys tailored to the needs of in dustry. Ceramics are known to be brittle and therefore not suitable in the first place for structural application under stress. Polymers with their low modulus became attractive when rein forced with high-strength fibres. Composites processed by poly mer, metal or ceramic matrices and high-strength reinforcements have been introduced into many sectors of industry. Engineering materials for structural applications fulfil a function: they withstand high stresses, temperatures, fatigue, creep etc. But usually we do not call them functional materials. Functional material serve applications apart from classical engineering fields. Electricity conducting materials, semi conductors, memory alloys and others are called functional materials. Both categories of materials structural and functional - cover the aspects of the DLR-Seminar 1991 on "Advanced structural and functional materials." in research and The seminar is focused on advanced materials development or at the edge of being introduced into the market. dual character: Preference was given to materials with a structural and functional, some of them more structural, some more functional in their potential. It was necessary to select typical and representative families of during the years by R + D activities somewhat matured mate rials. It was not intended to cover all possible innovations in a two half-days seminar."

Structural optimization is currently attracting considerable attention. Interest in - search in optimal design has grown in connection with the rapid development of aeronautical and space technologies, shipbuilding, and design of precision mach- ery. A special ?eld in these investigations is devoted to structural optimization with incomplete information (incomplete data). The importance of these investigations is explained as follows. The conventional theory of optimal structural design - sumes precise knowledge of material parameters, including damage characteristics and loadings applied to the structure. In practice such precise knowledge is seldom available. Thus, it is important to be able to predict the sensitivity of a designed structure to random ?uctuations in the environment and to variations in the material properties. To design reliable structures it is necessary to apply the so-called gu- anteed approach, based on a "worst case scenario" or a more optimistic probabilistic approach, if we have additional statistical data. Problems of optimal design with incomplete information also have consid- able theoretical importance. The introduction and investigations into new types of mathematical problems are interesting in themselves. Note that some ga- theoretical optimization problems arise for which there are no systematic techniques of investigation. This monograph is devoted to the exposition of new ways of formulating and solving problems of structural optimization with incomplete information. We recall some research results concerning the optimum shape and structural properties of bodies subjected to external loadings.

The Channel Tunnel is a huge construction project, employing over 14,000 people at peak, and costing over <156>11 billion of private money. It has succeeded in spite of great financial, political and techncial difficulties, and a fundamentally flawed contract. This book tells the story of the project, based on the coverage in Construction News and with commentary taken from recent interviews with key project sources.

Since its first publication in 1974, Principles of Structure has established itself at the forefront of introductory texts for students of architecture, building and project management seeking a basic understanding of the behavior and design of building structures. It provides a simple quantitative introduction to structural engineering, while also drawing connections to real buildings that are more complex. Retaining the style and format of earlier editions, this Fifth Edition brings the text and examples into alignment with international practice. It also features six new buildings from around the world, illustrating the principles described in the text.

The book begins with a chapter explaining forces and their effects. Other chapters cover ties and struts, loadings, graphical statics, bracings, shears and moments, stresses, deflections, and beam design. There is also an appendix with a fuller explanation of fundamentals for readers unfamiliar with the basic concepts of geometry and statics.
The book offers a unique format with right-hand pages containing text and left-hand pages containing complementary commentary including explanations and expansions of points made in the text and worked examples. This cross-referencing gives readers a range of perspectives and a deeper understanding of each topic. The simple mathematical approach and logical progression along with the hints and suggestions, worked examples and problem sheets give beginners straightforward access to elementary structural engineering.

The first optimal design problem for an elastic column subject to buckling was formulated by Lagrange over 200 years ago. However, rapid development of structural optimization under stability constraints occurred only in the last twenty years. In numerous optimal structural design problems the stability phenomenon becomes one of the most important factors, particularly for slender and thin-walled elements of aerospace structures, ships, precision machines, tall buildings etc. In engineering practice stability constraints appear more often than it might be expected; even when designing a simple beam of constant width and variable depth, the width - if regarded as a design variable - is finally determined by a stability constraint (lateral stability). Mathematically, optimal structural design under stability constraints usually leads to optimization with respect to eigenvalues, but some cases fall even beyond this type of problems. A total of over 70 books has been devoted to structural optimization as yet, but none of them has treated stability constraints in a sufficiently broad and comprehensive manner. The purpose of the present book is to fill this gap. The contents include a discussion of the basic structural stability and structural optimization problems and the pertinent solution methods, followed by a systematic review of solutions obtained for columns, arches, bar systems, plates, shells and thin-walled bars. A unified approach based on Pontryagin's maximum principle is employed inasmuch as possible, at least to problems of columns, arches and plates. Parametric optimization is discussed as well.

The Finite Element Method, shortly FEM, is a widely used computational tool in structural engineering. For basic design purposes it usually suf ces to apply a linear-elastic analysis. Only for special structures and for forensic investigations the analyst need to apply more advanced features like plasticity and cracking to account for material nonlinearities, or nonlinear relations between strains and displacements for geometrical nonlinearity to account for buckling. Advanced analysis techniques may also be necessary if we have to judge the remaining structural capacity of aging structures. In this book we will abstain from such special cases and focus on everyday jobs. Our goal is the worldwide everyday use of linear-elastic analysis, and dimensioning on basis of these elastic computations. We cover steel and concrete structures, though attention to structural concrete prevails. Structural engineers have access to powerful FEM packages and apply them intensively. Experience makes clear that often they do not understand the software that they are using. This book aims to be a bridge between the software world and structural engineering. Many problems are related to the correct input data and the proper interpretation and handling of output. The book is neither a text on the Finite Element Method, nor a user manual for the software packages. Rather it aims to be a guide to understanding and handling the results gained by such software. We purposely restrict ourselves to structure types which frequently occur in practise.

Nondestructive Testing involves the use of methods such as wave propagation, electromagnetism, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity to test structural integrity and thereby allow nondestructive assessment of structures and the possibility of structural failures before they occur.

"Nondestructive Testing of Deep Foundations" covers different techniques designed to provide information about the integrity and quality of the material that makes up a deep foundation.

Nondestructive Testing methods are used at all stages of a structure's life - from new construction quality control to residual lifetime prediction, and even during the monitoring of demolition. In addition, Nondestructive Testing is being increasingly specified in deep foundation projects, though often without a good understanding of its limitations and with the result that methods are often misused. In order to be able to specify an appropriate method, or to recognize an inappropriate specification, it is necessary for the engineer, specifier and/or contractor to understand the capabilities and limitations of each of the methods currently in use.

"Nondestructive Testing of Deep Foundations"" "Describes the most commonly used deep foundation construction techniques, including typical use of materialProvides a brief history of the development of commercially available nondestructive methodsSummarises each method's capabilities and limitationsActs as a one stop reference drawing together resources only previously available in conference proceedings and journal papers

This manual will prove to be a welcome addition to the bookshelf of all practitioners in civil/structural and geotechnical engineering and architecture. It will also provide a valuable insight into this highly technical field for university researchers, lecturers and postgraduate students in civil/structural and geotechnical engineering.

This book addresses the need to resolve the ITZ's influence on engineering and durability characteristics of cementious composites, identifies the systems and properties that are affected by it, and quantifies these effects in order to prepare the base for engineering design tools. This volume presents the proceedings of the Second International RILEM conference on the Interfacial Transition Zone in cementious composites, held in Haifa, Israel in 1998.

Bridging the gap between what is traditionally taught in textbooks and what is actually practiced in engineering firms, Introduction to Structural Analysis: Displacement and Force Methods clearly explains the two fundamental methods of structural analysis: the displacement method and the force method. It also shows how these methods are applied, particularly to trusses, beams, and rigid frames. Acknowledging the fact that virtually all computer structural analysis programs are based on the matrix displacement method of analysis, the text begins with the displacement method. A matrix operations tutorial is also included for review and self-learning. To minimize any conceptual difficulty readers may have, the displacement method is introduced with the plane truss analysis and the concept of nodal displacement. The book then presents the force method of analysis for plane trusses to illustrate force equilibrium, deflection, statistical indeterminacy, and other concepts that help readers to better understand the behavior of a structure. It also extends the force method to beam and rigid frame analysis. Toward the end of the book, the displacement method reappears along with the moment distribution and slope-deflection methods in the context of beam and rigid frame analysis. Other topics covered include influence lines, non-prismatic members, composite structures, secondary stress analysis, and limits of linear and static structural analysis. Integrating classical and modern methodologies, this book explains complicated analysis using simplified methods and numerous examples. It provides readers with an understanding of the underlying methodologies of finite element analysis and the practices used by professional structural engineers.

Groundbreaking and comprizing articles by expert contributors, this volume provides a comprehensive treatment of VLFSs and their relationship with the sea, marine habitats, the pollution of costal waters and tidal and natural current flow. It looks in-depth at: VLFS and the colonization of ocean space with their appearance in the waters off developed coastal cities wave properties, which is essential for estimating the loading on the VLFS as well as for modelling structure-fluid interactions hydroelastic and structural analysis of VLFS at an overall level and the cell level the analysis and design of breakwaters simulation models to understand the actual flow of water through the VLFS and to determine the drift forces for the mooring systems anti-corrosion and maintenance systems new research and developments, with emphasis on the Mega-Float, a 1 km long floating test runway. Well-illustrated with photographs, drawings, equations for mathematical modelling and analysis and extensively referenced, Very Large Floating Structures is ideal for professionals, academics and students of civil and structural engineering.

As software skills rise to the forefront of design concerns, the art of structural conceptualization is often minimized. Structural engineering, however, requires the marriage of artistic and intuitive designs with mathematical accuracy and detail. Computer analysis works to solidify and extend the creative idea or concept that might have started out as a sketch on the back of an envelope.

From Sketches on the Back of an Envelope to Elegant, Economical Buildings-The Art of Structural Conceptualization

Bridging the gap between the conceptual approach and computer analysis, Structural Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings: Steel and Composite Construction integrates the design aspects of steel and composite buildings in one volume. Using conceptual thinking and basic strength of material concepts as foundations, the book shows engineers how to use imperfect information to estimate the answer to larger and more complex design problems by breaking them down into more manageable pieces.

Written by an accomplished structural engineer, this book discusses the behavior and design of lateral load-resisting systems; the gravity design of steel and composite floors and columns; and methods for determining wind loads. It also examines the behavior and design of buildings subject to inelastic cyclic deformation during large earthquakes-with an emphasis on visual and descriptive analysis-as well as the anatomy of seismic provisions and the rehabilitation of seismically vulnerable steel buildings.

Intuitive Techniques for Construction and Design

The book covers a range of special topics, including performance-based design and human tolerance for the wind-induced dynamic motions of tall buildings. It also presents preliminary analysis techniques, graphical approaches for determining wind and seismic loads, and graphical aids for estimating unit-quantity of structural steel. The final chapter deals with the art of connection design.

Forty case studies-from New York's Empire State Building to Kuala Lumpur's Petronas Towers-highlight the aspects of conceptualization that are key in the design of tall and ultra-tall buildings. A comprehensive design reference, this book guides engineers to visualize, conceptualize, and realize structural systems for tall buildings that are elegant and economical.

Chloride ingress in reinforced concrete induces corrosion and consequent spilling and structural weakness, and it occurs world-wide and imposes an enormous cost. Yet it can be resisted by using test methods and relevant models for service life prediction.

Resistance of Concrete to Chloride Ingress sets out current understanding of chloride transport mechanisms, test methods and prediction models. It describes basic mechanisms and theories, and classifies the commonly used parameters and their units which expressing chloride and its transport properties in concrete. Laboratory test methods and in-field applicable test methods, including precision results from inter-laboratory comparison tests, are then outlined. Some of the fundamentals of models are explained, and the different types of models are then analyzed theoretically and critically. Analytical and probabilistic approaches are used to analyze the sensitivity of various models and the results from a benchmarking evaluation of different models are presented and discussed. Guidelines for the practical use of test methods and models are given, including tests for in-situ applications, and test methods validated by the precision results are detailed.

The book draws to a large extent on the Chlortest project, which involved seventeen partners from ten European countries, and serves as an authoritative guide.

In our world of seemingly unlimited computing, numerous analytical approaches to the estimation of stress, strain, and displacement, including analytical, numerical, physical, and analog techniques, have greatly advanced the practice of engineering. Combining theory and experimentation, computer simulation has emerged as a third path for engineering design and performance evaluation. As a result, structural engineers working in the practical world of engineering must apply, and ideally, thrive, on these idealizations of science-based theories. Analyzing the major achievements in the field, Understanding Structural Engineering demonstrates how to bring science to engineering design. This book illustrates: * Key conceptual breakthroughs in structural engineering in the 20th century * The science of structural engineering from basic mechanics and computing to the ultimate process of engineering design * How engineers implement theory to practice through idealizations and simplifications * Covers current and future trends in structural engineering Developments and advancements in structural engineering hinge on a few key breakthroughs in concepts, simplifications and idealizations. Simplification, the art of structural engineering, is a key theme throughout this book. But the authors go further--their clear explanations of the role and impact of new, science-based developments shows you how to put them into practice.

There is a pressing need for rationalization and standardization of test procedures for metals for use in all types of structure. This book brings together the latest international research developments, presented at a RILEM workshop held in Naples in May 1990.

This book includes examinations of the role of full-scale buildings in the development of structural design methods and recommendations on improved construction practice and safety of building occupants in the event of fire and explosion.

This book forms the proceedings of the international workshop to be held in Essen, Germany. This workshop summarises the conclusion of the technical committee's investigations into the resistance of concrete to freeze-thaw attack, specific in this to resistance with or without de-icing chemicals. It presents the RILEM recommendations on testing the freeze-thaw and de-icing salt resistance of concrete.

An important new state-of-the-art report prepared by RILEM Technical Committee 108 ICC. It has been written by a team of leading international experts from the UK, USA, Canada, Israel, Germany, Denmark, South Africa, Italy and France. Research studies over recent years in the field of cement science have focused on the behaviour of the interfaces between the components of cement-based materials. The techniques used in other areas of materials science are being applied to the complex materials found in cements and concretes, and this book provides a significant survey of the present state of the art.

This book contains the invited contributions to the 1993 Henderson Colloquium organised by the British Group of IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering). It provides an international review of new techniques of designing and constructing joint-free bridges - an approach which is rapidly being developed and used in many parts of the world.

Linking theory to practice, this book provides a better fundamental understanding of Portland cement and hydraulic binders which is necessary to make better concrete. It has been clearly demonstrated that concrete durability is closely linked to its water/binder ratio and proper curing during the first week after casting. In this rigorously presented work, Pierre-Claude Aitcin explains the complexity of the hydration reaction and how to make, use and cure durable and sustainable concrete. This book also details the problems with Portland cement composition at present and outlines the concept of an ideal hydraulic binder which is technically and ecologically efficient, as well as being long-lasting and robust. Binders for Durable and Sustainable Concrete is a practical and innovative reference text which will be particularly relevant to engineers and chemists working in the Portland cement, concrete and admixture industries. This book will also be of interest to academics and graduate-level students in Civil Engineering departments who specialize in Portland cement and concrete technology.

This book provides better inputs for improvement of the buckling load predictions of stiffened cylindrical shells subjected to combined loading. It is based on the International Colloquium Buckling of shell structures, on land, in the sea and in the air, Lyon, France, 17 September 1991.

Deterioration of cement-based materials is a continuing problem, as it results in the substantial shortening of the lives of conventional concrete structures. The main costs result from poor performance and the need for early repair. With more advanced applications, where very long service lives are essential, such as the storage of nuclear waste, an understanding of the degradation processes in order to predict long term performance is very important. this book forms the proceedings of the latest Symposia at the Materials Research Society Autumn meeting in Boston.