Many types of structure are subject to maritime conditions, and construction and maintenance of coastal structures is a major part of the construction workload of any country bordering the sea. This book is a comprehensive source of information for all who are concerned with the commissioning, design, construction or maintenance of concrete structures in or near the sea. As well as describing the nature of the marine environment and the effects of man-made structures on the behaviour of the sea, this books deals with hydraulic design, the material properties of concrete and the design and specification of structures for coastal environments. The deterioration of concrete in coastal structures is usually a result of lack of durability rather than overloading, so much of the book has been directed towards the production of durable structures. British standards and other standards and codes from around the world are discussed, along with the planning of construction works under coastal conditions, and the maintenance of coastal structures. All of the chapters were written specially for this book by practising engineers with specialised knowledge and wide experience of coastal engineering. As most of the authors have been responsible for work in many parts of the world, this book is relevant regardless of where coastal structures are situated.

How to better protection of our architectural heritage in the event of earthquakes? The vulnerability of cultural artifacts necessitates the working out of a system which takes into account the problems of architecture, engineering and seismology among others. Written by architects and engineers, this book attempts to offer answers and give guidelines for both architects and engineers working in this field.

Topology optimization is a relatively new and rapidly expanding field of structural mechanics. It deals with some of the most difficult problems of mechanical sciences but it is also of considerable practical interest, because it can achieve much greater savings than mere cross-section or shape optimization.

This book covers problems and their solution of a wide range of geotechnical topics. Every chapter starts with a summary of key concepts and theory, followed by worked-out examples, and ends with a short list of key references. It presents a unique collection of step by step solutions from basic to more complex problems in various topics of geotechnical engineering, including fundamental topics such as effective stress, permeability, elastic deformation, shear strength and critical state together with more applied topics such retaining structures and dams, excavation and tunnels, pavement infrastructure, unsaturated soil mechanics, marine works, ground monitoring. This book aims to provide students (undergraduates and postgraduates) and practitioners alike a reference guide on how to solve typical geotechnical problems. Features: Guide for solving typical geotechnical problems complementing geotechnical textbooks. Reference guide for practitioners to assist in determining solutions to complex geotechnical problems via simple methods.

The engineering design of structures and machines consists often in finding the best solution among a finite number of feasible decisions. This volume comprises problems and solution methods for discrete structural optimization. Exact, approximate and heuristic methods are presented applying deterministic and stochastic approaches.

Improve: The Next Generation of Continuous Improvement for Knowledge Work presents lean thinking for professionals, those who Peter Drucker called knowledge workers. It translates the brilliant insights from Toyota's factory floor to the desktops of engineers, marketers, attorneys, accountants, doctors, managers, and all those who "think for a living." The Toyota Production System (TPS) was born a century ago to an almost unknown car maker who today is credited with starting the third wave of the Industrial Revolution. TPS principles, better known as lean thinking or continuous improvement, are simple: increase customer value, cut hidden waste, experiment to learn, and respect others. As simple as they are, they are difficult to apply to the professions, probably because of the misconception that knowledge work is wholly non-repetitive. But much of our everyday work does repeat, and in great volume: approvals, problem-solving, project management, hiring, and prioritization are places where huge waste hides. Eliminate waste and you delight customers and clients, increase financial performance, and grow professional job satisfaction, because less waste means more success and more time for expertise and creativity. This book is a valuable resource for leaders of professional teams who want to improve productivity, quality, and engagement in their organizations.

This volume strives to give comprehensive information about the main aspects of the behaviour and limit states of steel plated structures. In following this objective, the volume presents a complete scientific background (profiting from the fact that the authors of the individual parts of the publication have personally been very active in the corresponding fields of research for an extended period of time), but also establishes design recommendations, procedures and formulae. The significance of the volume may be seen in its challenging current concepts of the analysis of steel plated structures, encouraging progress in the field, and thereby establishing an advanced basis for a more reliable and economical design.

This volume is the first to give the mathematical background and a comprehensive survey of the old and new summation formulae resulting in an approximate value of the critical load factor of a complex problem by means of the critical load factors of subproblems by addition. The theorems and formulae are richly illustrated by examples in structural engineering.

Kundennutzen: Die wichtigsten Grundlagen der linearen Elastizit tstheorie, der Schalen- und Plattentheorie sowie der Strukturoptimierung werden in kompakter Form dargestellt. Zahlreiche Aufgaben und L sungen helfen dem Leser den dargebotenen Stoff systematisch zu vertiefen.

This text guides the reader through the background to the Eurocodes and explains the main differences between them and the equivalent British Standard Codes of Practice. The main part of the book covers section analysis of slabs and beams, beam-column joints, columns and walls. A complete design example is given and the book contains many worked examples, design charts and tables for easy reference. Eight appendices deal with specialized aspects of structural design in more detail. A special feature of the text is a chapter devoted to earthquake engineering with particular reference to the draft Eurocode 8 on seismic actions. It should prove of use to engineers who need to learn about the new code and how it can be used effectively in design. Practising engineers, lecturers and students should find it a clear and accessible way to find out about EC2 and to prepare for the time when it replaces the UK codes.

Base isolation, passive energy dissipation and active control represent three innovative technologies for protection of structures under environmental loads. Increasingly, they are being applied to the design of new structures or to the retrofit of existing structures against wind, earthquakes and other external loads. This book, with contributions from leading researchers from Japan, Europe, and the United States, presents a balanced view of current research and world-wide development in this exciting and fast expanding field. Basic principles as well as practical design and implementational issues associated with the application of base isolation systems and passive and active control devices to civil engineering structures are carefully addressed. Examples of structural applications are presented and extensively discussed.

Our topic is irreversible or plastic deformation of structural elements composed of relatively thin ductile materials. These deformations are commonly used in sheet metal forming operations to produce lightweight parts of any particular shape. In another context, this type of plastic deformation is described as impact damage in the case of structural components involved in collision. Here we are concerned with mechanics of both static and dynamic deformation processes. The purpose is to use typical material properties and structural characteristics to calculate the deformation for certain types of load; in particular to find the final deflection and shape of the deformed structure and to illustrate how the development of this final shape depends on the constitutive model used to represent the material behavior. The major issue to be addressed is which structural and constitutive properties are important for calculating response to either static or brief but intense dynamic loads. Furthermore, how do the results of various constitutive models compare with observed behavior.

This text explores how academics face up to radical changes in the learning environment. With the implementation of new technologies to support teaching and learning there is a need for more strategic approaches to teaching and learning. At the same time there are requirements to respond to a much more diverse student body and therfore a greater need for staff developments to help the teachers and the learners to cope with the new environments for learning.

The chapters of this book were written by structural engineers. The approach, therefore, is not aiming toward a scientific modelling of the response but to the definition of engineering procedures for detecting and avoiding undesired phenomena. In this sense chaotic and stochastic behaviour can be tackled in a similar manner. This aspect is illustrated in Chapter 1. Chapters 2 and 3 are entirely devoted to Stochastic Dynamics and cover single-degree-of-freedom systems and impact problems, respectively. Chapter 4 provides details on the numerical tools necessary for evaluating the main indexes useful for the classification of the motion and for estimating the response probability density function. Chapter 5 gives an overview of random vibration methods for linear and nonlinear multi-degree-of-freedom systems. The randomness of the material characteristics and the relevant stochastic models ar considered in Chapter 6. Chapter 7, eventually, deals with large engineering sytems under stochastic excitation and allows for the stochastic nature of the mechanical and geometrical properties.

Slender structures, such as towers, masis, high-rise buildings and bridges, are especially prone to wind excited vibrations. The lectures show how the susceptibility of a structure to wind excited vibrations can be assessed in early stages of design, and what measures are effective for control or avoidance of vibrations. The book will be a help for all dealing with dynamic response of structures.

This state of the art report provides an in-depth, comprehensive technical survey of the three main coating protection systems for steel reinforcement: hot-dip galvanizing epoxy-coating PVC-coating

This book was developed while teaching a graduate course at several universities in the United States. Europe and Israel. during the last two decades. The purpose of the book is to introduce the fundamentals and applications of optimum structural design. Much work has been done in this area recently and many studies have been published. The book is an attempt to collect together selected topics of this literature and to present them in a unified approach. It meets the need for an introductory text covering the basic concepts of modem structural optimization. A previous book by the author on this subject ("Optimum Structural Design." published by McGraw-Hill New York in 1981 and by Maruzen Tokyo in 1983). has been used extensively as a text in many universities throughout the world. The present book reflects the rapid progress and recent developments in this area. A major difficulty in studying structural optimization is that integration of concepts used in several areas. such as structural analysis. numerical optimization and engineering design. is necessary in order to solve a specific problem. To facilitate the study of these topics. the book discusses in detail alternative problem formulations. the fundamentals of different optimization methods and various considerations related to structural design. The advantages and the limitations of the presented approaches are illustrated by numerous examples.

As an emerging discrete structural model, the Hencky bar-chain/net model (HBM) has shown its advantages over other numerical methods in some problems. Owing to the discrete properties of HBM, it is also a suitable model for nano-scale structures which are currently a very hot research topic in mechanics.This book introduces the concepts and previous research of the Hencky bar-chain/net model, before demonstrating how beams, columns, arches, rectangular plates and circular plates could be successfully modelled by HBM. HBM comprises rigid bars connected by frictionless hinges with elastic rotational springs (and a system of torsional springs in the cells for plates). In the treatment of the above-mentioned structures, HBM is found to be mathematically equivalent to the first order central finite difference method (FDM). So HBM may be regarded as the physical structural model behind the FDM.This book is a compilation of the authors' research on the development of the Hencky bar-chain/net model, and is organized according to the development and application of HBM for beams, columns, frames, arches and rings, and plates. Exercises are provided at the end of each chapter to aid comprehension and guide learning. It is a useful reference for students, researchers, academics and practitioners in the field of structural analysis.

This volume strives to give complete information about the main aspect of the stability behaviour of steel structures and their members. In following this objective, the volume presents a complete scientific background (profiting from the fact that the authors of the individual parts of the publication have personally been very active in the corresponding field of research for an extended period of time now), but also establishes recommendations, procedures and formulae for practical design. The significance of the volume may be seen in its challenging current concepts of stability analysis, encouraging progress in the field and thereby establishing an advanced basis for more reliable and economical design.

State-of-the-art nonlinear computational analysis of shells, nonlinearities due to large deformations and nonlinear material behavior, alternative shell element formulations, algorithms and implementational aspects, composite and sandwich shells, local and global instabilities, optimization of shell structures and concepts of shape finding methods of free from shells. Furthermore, algorithms for the treatment of the nonlinear stability behavior of shell structures (including bifurcation and snap-through buckling) are presented in the book.

Shape and layout optimization represent some of the most useful but also most difficult classes of problems in structural design, which have been investigated in detail only during the last few years. "Shape optimization" is concerned with the optimal shape of boundaries of continua or of interfaces between two materials in composites. "Layout" "optimization" deals with the simultaneous optimization of the topology, geometry and cross-sectional sizes of structural systems. In spite of its complextiy, layout optimization is a very rewarding task, because it results in much greater savings than the optimization of cross-sectional sizes only. Because of their important role in shape and layout optimization, the book also covers in detail new "optimality " "criteria methods," which are capable of handling many thousand design variables and active design contraints. Shape and layout optimization is becoming an indispensable tool in the design of aeroplanes, space structures, cars, ships, building and civil engineering structures, power stations, chemical plants, artificial organs, sporting equipment, and all other solid systems where stresses and deformations play an important role.

A synthetic presentation of the theory of yield design is illustrated by examples such as the stability analysis of reinforced soil structures and the resistance of long fiber reinforced composite materials. The classical limit analysis theory when standard elastic perfectly plastic behaviour can be assumed yields a more precise assessment of the global bearing capacities of structures and makes optimal limit design possible. Structural optimal design is also studied with respect to eigenvalues as well as Structural Topology and Design Optimization.

This introduction to the theory of rigid structures explains how to analyze the performance of built and natural structures under loads, paying special attention to the role of geometry. The book unifies the engineering and mathematical literatures by exploring different notions of rigidity - local, global, and universal - and how they are interrelated. Important results are stated formally, but also clarified with a wide range of revealing examples. An important generalization is to tensegrities, where fixed distances are replaced with 'cables' not allowed to increase in length and 'struts' not allowed to decrease in length. A special feature is the analysis of symmetric tensegrities, where the symmetry of the structure is used to simplify matters and allows the theory of group representations to be applied. Written for researchers and graduate students in structural engineering and mathematics, this work is also of interest to computer scientists and physicists.

This volume deals with the most modern and topical problems of bridge design. The topics presented allow to tackle both theoretical-analytical as well as technical-constructive aspects of the design problem, pointing out how in the case of bridges, specifically for long span bridges, the two aspects are absolutely inseparable. In modern bridges, reasons of technical and economic feasibility oblige an extreme parceling of the construction process, with the consequent need to revise, with respect to the past, both design concepts as well as the theoretical apparatus of analysis that governs it. All this can clearly be derived from reading the present volume, in which the different contributions stress theoretical and technical questions of particular interest and topicality, without claiming to approach them systematically, but offering clear procedural rules and trend indications. With reference to the theoretical approach, some of particular importance are reviewed, such as the possibility of using limit analysis, the simplification of the design process for bridges, durability, and computer aided design. For what concerns the bridge typologies and the corresponding constructive problems, the emphasis is mostly on the ones still in an evolutionary phase, that is long span suspended/stayed bridges and cantilever built bridges with prefabricated segments.

Virtual distortions are incompatible deIormations imposed on structures (e. g. , by nonhomogeneous heating or by local imperIections) causing a compatible state OI deIormation (initial deformations) and a selI-equilibrated state OI stress (initial stresses). The theory OI virtual distortions provides an eIIicient tool which can be used to treat many problems that diIIer Irom the physical point OI view. Thermal stresses, material deIects, residual stresses in plasticity are examples OI problems that can be analysed emploing the virtual distortions approach, where the temperature Iield, dislocations and plastic distortions (permanent plastic deIormations) are described by virtual distortions. The presented approach allows the development OI eIIicient computational methods Ior numerical analysis OI such problems. States OI compatible deIormations and selI-equi1 ibrated stresses caused by virtual distortions in homogeneous and compound (biphase) bodies are analysed in the Iirst part OI the book. The results OI these considerations are explored in the next two chapters. The Iormulation OI the approach discussed in Chapter 1 and based on continuum mechanics was presented previously in the papers [5,17] while its application to the analysis OI skeletal structures was discussed in [47].