Performance evaluation, reliability, and performability are key factors in the development and improvement of computer systems and computer networks. This volume contains the 25 accepted and invited papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Modelling Techniques and Tools for Computer Performance Evaluation. The papers focus on new techniques and the extension of existing techniques for performance and reliability analysis. Tools to support performance and reliability modelling and measurement in all kinds of applications and environments are presented, and the practicability and generality of the approaches are emphasized. The volume summarizes the state of the art and points out future demands and challenges, and will interest both scientists and practitioners.

The theory of evolution has been most successful explaining the emergence of new species in terms of their morphological traits. Ethologists teach that behaviors, too, qualify as first-class phenotypic features, but evolutionary accounts of behaviors have been much less satisfactory. In part this is because maturational "programs" transforming genotype to phenotype are "open" to environmental influences affected by behaviors. Further, many organisms are able to continue to modify their behavior, i.e., learn, even after fully mature. This creates an even more complex relationship between the genotypic features underlying the mechanisms of maturation and learning and the adapted behaviors ultimately selected.A meeting held at the Santa Fe Institute during the summer of 1993 brought together a small group of biologists, psychologists, and computer scientists with shared interests in questions such as these. This volume consists of papers that explore interacting adaptive systems from a range of interdisciplinary perspectives. About half of the articles are classic, seminal references on the subject, ranging from biologists like Lamarck and Waddington to psychologists like Piaget and Skinner. The other half represent new work by the workshop participants. The role played by mathematical and computational tools, both as models of natural phenomena and as algorithms useful in their own right, is particularly emphasized in these new papers. In all cases, the prefaces help to put the older papers in a modern context. For the new papers, the prefaces have been written by colleagues from a discipline other than the paper's authors, and highlight, for example, what a computer scientist can learn from a biologist's model, or vice versa. Through these cross-disciplinary "dialogues" and a glossary collecting multidisciplinary connotations of pivotal terms, the process of interdisciplinary investigation itself becomes a central theme.

Dynamic Modeling introduces an approach to modeling that makes it a more practical, intuitive endeavour. The book enables readers to convert their understanding of a phenomenon to a computer model, and then to run the model and let it yield the inevitable dynamic consequences built into the structure of the model. Part I provides an introduction to modeling dynamic systems, while Part II offers general methods for modeling. Parts III through to VIII then apply these methods to model real-world phenomena from chemistry, genetics, ecology, economics, and engineering. To develop and execute dynamic simulation models, Dynamic Modeling comes with STELLA II run- time software for Windows-based computers, as well as computer files of sample models used in the book. A clear, approachable introduction to the modeling process, of interest in any field where real problems can be illuminated by computer simulation.

This book is a collection of work arising from a NSF/ AFOSR sponsored workshop held at the University of California, Santa Barbara, 18-20th June 1992. Sixty-nine researchers, from nine countries, participated. Twelve keynote essays give an overview of the field and speculate on future directions and nineteen technical papers delineate the state of the art in the field. This book serves both as in introduction to the topic and as a reference on the current technical problems and approaches.

The conference, coorganized by INRIA and Ecole des Mines de Paris, focuses on Discrete Event Systems (DES) and is aimed at engineers, scientists and mathematicians working in the fields of Automatic Control, Operations Research and Statistics who are interested in the modelling, analysis and optimization of DES. Various methods such as Automata theory, Petri nets, etc. are proposed to describe and analyze such systems. Comparison of these different mathematical approaches and the global confrontation of theoretical approaches with applications in manufacturing, telecommunications, parallel computing, transportation, etc. are the goals of the conference.

Computer Simulation and Computer Algebra. Starting from simple examples in classical mechanics, these introductory lectures proceed to simulations in statistical physics (using FORTRAN) and then explain in detail the use of computer algebra (by means of Reduce). This third edition takes into account the most recent version of Reduce (3.4.1) and updates the description of large-scale simulations to subjects such as the 170000 X 170000 Ising model. Furthermore, an introduction to both vector and parallel computing is given.

The software process is the total set of software engineering activities necessary to develop and maintain software products. Software process technology (SPT) deals with methods, formalisms, and tools for supporting the software process. SPT has developed into a key technology in terms of its importance to software engineering environments, systems integration, cooperative working, and business process re-engineering. This volume contains the proceedings of the third European Workshop on Software Process Technology. It is organized into six parts: architecture, meta-process and methodology, process modeling concepts, PML concepts and paradigms, experiences with SPT, and related domains.

In this volume experts from university and industry are presenting new technologies for solving industrial problems as well as important and practicable impulses for new research. The following topics are treated: - solid modelling - geometry processing - feature modelling - product modelling - surfaces over arbitrary topologies - blending methods - scattered data algorithms - smooting and fairing algorithms - NURBS 21 articles are giving a state-of-the-art survey of the relevant problems and issues in the rapidly growing area of geometric modelling.

From mulching to greenhouses, the air space between the cover and the soil surface is the key to the classification of climates under cover. The same mechanism governs environments produced by the various covers. This book describes and analyses all the different environments from mulching to greenhouses. The relationship between plants and environment is another important topic in the book. Stress is placed on the link between quantitative phenomena and qualitative analyses. Most phenomena involved are nonlinear and non-steady-state. An approach called System Dynamics is used, and simulation models developed in the simulation language CSMP are fully used. The subjects covered are of relevance to graduate students, to scientists and researchers in agriculture and biological sciences and, of course, to agricultural organizations in both the developing and developed countries.

This book contains the proceedings of the International Confer ence on Artificial Neural Networks which was held between September 13 and 16 in Amsterdam. It is the third in a series which started two years ago in Helsinki and which last year took place in Brighton. Thanks to the European Neural Network Society, ICANN has emerged as the leading conference on neural networks in Europe. Neural networks is a field of research which has enjoyed a rapid expansion and great popularity in both the academic and industrial research communities. The field is motivated by the commonly held belief that applications in the fields of artificial intelligence and robotics will benefit from a good understanding of the neural information processing properties that underlie human intelligence. Essential aspects of neural information processing are highly parallel execution of com putation, integration of memory and process, and robustness against fluctuations. It is believed that intelligent skills, such as perception, motion and cognition, can be easier realized in neuro-computers than in a conventional computing paradigm. This requires active research in neurobiology to extract com putational principles from experimental neurobiological find ings, in physics and mathematics to study the relation between architecture and function in neural networks, and in cognitive science to study higher brain functions, such as language and reasoning. Neural networks technology has already lead to practical methods that solve real problems in a wide area of industrial applications. The clusters on robotics and applications contain sessions on various sub-topics in these fields."

The disease that came to be called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first identified in the summer of 1981. By that time, nearly 100,000 persons in the United States may have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By the time the routes of transmission were clearly identified and HIV was established as the cause of AIDS in 1983, over 300,000 people may have been infected. That number has continued to increase, with approximately 1,000,000 Americans believed to be infected in 1991. The epidemic is of great public health concern because HlV is infectious, causes severe morbidity and death in most if not all of those infected, and often occurs in relatively young persons. In addition, the cost of medical care for a person with HIV disease is high, and the medical care needs of HIV-infected persons place a severe burden on the medical care systems in many areas. Understanding and controlling the HIV epidemic is a particularly difficult challenge. The long and variable period between HIV infection and clinical disease makes it difficult both to forecast the future magnitude of the epidemic, which is important for health care planning, and to estimate the number infected in the last several years, which is important for monitoring the current status of the epidemic.

Anhand von Modellen kognitiv-affektiver Prozesse, die im Laufe der letzten 20 Jahre mit verschiedenen Techniken der Simulation und der Konzeptuologie der Cognitive Science entwickelt worden sind, werden neue Wege der psychoanalyti- schen Theorienbildung und deren Anwendung explizit an Beispielen dargestellt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Computer- simulationsmodelle der Abwehrprozesse und der Generierung von Schlaftr{umen, sowie ein allgemeines Modell der psychoanalytischen Theorie.

In plating, electrochemical surface finishing, elec- trochemical reactors as well as in electrochemical energy conversion, there is an increasing demand for high speed and high efficiency processes. These ob- jectives are largely influenced by cell design. The study of such systems requires, besides know-how, a perfect scientific insight into the interaction bet- ween electrode kinetics, cell geometry and mass and charge transport. Needless to say, for that purpose, computer modelling has gained rapidly in importance over the last few years. Indeed, up to the 1960's, only problems with rather simple geometries and amenable to analytical techni- ques were treated. In 1964, Klingert et al. [60], as well as Fleck et al. [42] outlined the first computer programs for calculating current distributions by the finite dif- ference method. F~ve years later, Riggs et al. [94J presented the first electrode shape change simulations. They used also the finite difference method. In 1978, Bergh [ 12J applied at first the - nite element method to predict electrode shape changes. Since then, an increasing number of publi- cations on-computer modelling of electrochemical sys- tems, appeared. Mainly the finite difference or the finite element method were used.

Recently there has been considerable interest in qualitative methods in simulation and mathematical model- ing. Qualitative Simulation Modeling and Analysis is the first book to thoroughly review fundamental concepts in the field of qualitative simulation. The book will appeal to readers in a variety of disciplines including researchers in simulation methodology, artificial intelligence and engineering. This book boldly attempts to bring together, for the first time, the qualitative techniques previously found only in hard-to-find journals dedicated to single disciplines. The book is written for scientists and engineers interested in improving their knowledge of simulation modeling. The "qualitative" nature of the book stresses concepts of invariance, uncertainty and graph-theoretic bases for modeling and analysis.

Flexible manufacturing systems are complex production systems with considerable high investment costs. This book intends to show the reader how the design of such a system can be optimized. Thereby it addresses the academic world in management science and industrial engineering as well as system planners in industry. First the design problems are analysed in detail and a planning concept is presented. Afterwards possible tools for the design process are described, as there are: mathematical programming, queueing networks, computer simulation, perturbation analysis, petri nets, group technology, and knowledge based systems. The major part of the book, however, concerns the description of existing optimization models based on mathematical programming. Each model is explained and discussed in detail and for new models, developed by the author, numerical examples are given. Finally some distinct guidelines are presented which help the system planners to select the appropriate model for their planning problems.

Recent technology involves large-scale physical or engineering systems consisting of thousands of interconnected elementary units. This monograph illustrates how engineering problems can be solved using the recent results of combinatorial mathematics through appropriate mathematical modeling. The structural solvability of a system of linear or nonlinear equations as well as the structural controllability of a linear time-invariant dynamical system are treated by means of graphs and matroids. Special emphasis is laid on the importance of relevant physical observations to successful mathematical modelings. The reader will become acquainted with the concepts of matroid theory and its corresponding matroid theoretical approach. This book is of interest to graduate students and researchers.

Das "3. Symposium Simulationstechnik" fand vom 23. bis 26. September 1985 auf der Ebernburg in Bad MUnster am Stein-Ebernburg statt. Diese Tagung setzte die Reihe einer vom FachausschuB 4.5 Simulation ASIM) in der GI ( Gesellschaft fUr Informatik ) ins Leben gerufenen Tagungen fort, die 1982 mit dem "1. Symposium Simulationstechnik" in Erlangen begann, 1983 international en Charakter trug als "First European Simu- lation Congress", durchgefUhrt in Aachen, und 1983 in Wien mit dem "2. Symposium Simulationstechnik" fortgesetzt wurde. Die Beitrige des "3. Symposium Simulationstechnik" wurden von einem in- ternationalen Programmkomitee ( W. Ameling, RWTH Aachen; I. Bausch-Gall, MUnchen; F. Breitenecker, TU-Wien; K.H. Fasol, Ruhr Univ. Bochum; H. Fuss, GMD Bonn; J. Halin, ETH ZUrich; W. Kleinert, TU Wien; D. P. F. Moller, Univ. Mainz; H. J. Munser, Dornier GmbH Friedrichshafen; D. Popovic, Univ. Bremen; H. Rake, RWTH Aachen; B. Schmidt, Univ. Erlangen ) sorg- filtig ausgewihlt und spiegeln den aktuellen Stand der Simulation in Theorie und Praxis wieder. Urn der graBen Bedeutung der Simulation in den Anwendungsbereichen gerecht zu werden, wurde niuht die Ubliche Einteilung der Beitrige in Methodolo- gie, Software, Hardware und Anwendungen vorgenommen, sondern nach Anwen- dungsgruppen klassifiziert, wie folgt: Modellbildungs- und Softwaremethodik Simulationshardware Simulationssprachen und Simulations software Echtzeitsimulatiom Mathematische Verfahren Parameteridentifikation Simulation in Biologie und Medizin Schaltkreissimulation Simulation in technischen Anwendungen Simulation in der Fertigungstechnik Simulation in betriebwirtschaftlichen Anwendungen FUnf Hauptvortrige mit den ThemenkreisenModellbildung, Diagnoseverfahren, Echtzeitsimulation, Biokybernetik, Parameteridentifikation arbeiteten auch prospektive Aspekte der Simulation heraus.

Your real-world introduction to mechanical design with Autodesk Inventor 2016 Mastering Autodesk Inventor 2016 and Autodesk Inventor LT 2016 is a complete real-world reference and tutorial for those learning this mechanical design software. With straightforward explanations and practical tutorials, this guide brings you up to speed with Inventor in the context of real-world workflows and environments. You'll begin designing right away as you become acquainted with the interface and conventions, and then move into more complex projects as you learn sketching, modeling, assemblies, weldment design, functional design, documentation, visualization, simulation and analysis, and much more. Detailed discussions are reinforced with step-by-step tutorials, and the companion website provides downloadable project files that allow you to compare your work to the pros. Whether you're teaching yourself, teaching a class, or preparing for the Inventor certification exam, this is the guide you need to quickly gain confidence and real-world ability. Inventor's 2D and 3D design features integrate with process automation tools to help manufacturers create, manage, and share data. This detailed guide shows you the ins and outs of all aspects of the program, so you can jump right in and start designing with confidence. * Sketch, model, and edit parts, then use them to build assemblies * Create exploded views, flat sheet metal patterns, and more * Boost productivity with data exchange and visualization tools * Perform simulations and stress analysis before the prototyping stage This complete reference includes topics not covered elsewhere, including large assemblies, integrating other CAD data, effective modeling by industry, effective data sharing, and more. For a comprehensive, real-world guide to Inventor from a professional perspective, Mastering Autodesk Inventor 2016 and Autodesk Inventor LT 2016 is the easy-to-follow hands-on training you've been looking for.

Beginning WebGL for HTML5 gets you rapidly up to speed with WebGL, a powerful new graphics language within the browser. You'll render realistic scenes with advanced lighting models, shadows, blending and textures. You'll also use mathematics to model fractals and particle systems. Going beyond that, Beginning WebGL for HTML5 presents advanced vertex and fragment shader usage for creating stunning, top-end results. You'll benefit from using modern frameworks to rapidly develop complex scenes, and make use of many tools to help improve rendering performance and debugging. Beginning WebGL for HTML5 builds your critical WebGL development skills while being enjoyable at each step of the way.* Quickly get up to speed with WebGL * Render realistic scenes * Work faster with frameworks * Improve rendering performance What you'll learn * A scene setup and rendering refresher * Advanced GLSL usages * Rendering realistic scenes with lighting, blending, reflections, shadows and more * The current state of WebGL mobile support * Performance optimizations * Enhancing productivity by using existing frameworks and loading models Who this book is for Beginning WebGL for HTML5 is for the graphics enthusiast who is ready to bring their skillset to the next level and create more realistic, beautiful scenes. Beginning WebGL for HTML5 is a great choice for someone with existing OpenGL or Canvas 2D knowledge wanting to transition to WebGL. It is an excellent choice for those wanting to have high performance graphics coded in minimal time. Table of Contents * Setting The Scene * Shaders 101 * Textures and Lighting * Increasing Realism * Physics * Fractals and Particle Systems * Three.js Framework * Productivity Tools * Debugging and Performance * Effects, Tips and Tricks * Afterword: The Future of WebGL * Appendix A: Essential HTML5 and JavaScript * Appendix B: Graphics Refresher * Appendix C: WebGL Spec.Odds and Ends * Appendix D: Additional Resources

Getting Started in ZBrush is a gentle introduction to ZBrush, today's premier digital sculpting program. Beginning with the fundamentals of digital sculpting as well as a thorough introduction to the user interface, Getting Started in ZBrush will have you creating a variety of professional-level 3D models in no-time. More than just another button-pushing manual, this comprehensive guide is packed with start-to-finish projects that ease you into the workflow of the program, while at the same time providing tips and tricks that will allow you to achieve certain tasks much more quickly. After progressing through the tutorials, you will be shown how to customize brushes, materials, scripts, and the interface so that you can utilize these tools to their full advantage. Special consideration is given to ZBrush's integration plug-ins with Maya and 3ds Max, allowing you to properly import and export your models in all programs. Texturing, painting, mapping, decimation, baking, and topology are also fully covered so your Zbrush creations can come to life without sacrificing that high-resolution look. Ease your way into this complex subject with this straight-forward approach to ZBrush Perfect your technique with step-by-step tutorials that allow you to create high res models from start to finish. Expand your knowledge by visiting the companion website, which features video demonstrations, project files, texture and model files, scripts, customized menus, brushes, and additional resources.

Digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques are used for non-contact shape measurement of 3D images. In the rapidly expanding field of 3D high-speed imaging, the demand for DFP continues to grow due to the technology's fast speed, flexibility, low cost, and high accuracy. High-Speed 3D Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques discusses the generation of digital fringe with digital video projection devices, covering a variety of core technical aspects. The book begins by establishing the theoretical foundations of fringe pattern analysis, reviewing various 3D imaging techniques while highlighting the advantages of DFP. The author then: Describes the differences between digital light processing (DLP), liquid crystal display (LCD), and liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) Explains how to unwrap phase maps temporally and spatially Shows how to generate fringe patterns with video projectors Demonstrates how to convert phase to coordinates through system calibrations Provides a detailed example of a built-from-scratch 3D imaging system Incorporating valuable insights gained during the author's 15+ years of 3D imaging research, High-Speed 3D Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques illuminates the pathway to advancement in high-speed 3D optical imaging using DFP.

Add 3D to your mograph skillset! For the experienced 2D artist, this lavishly illustrated, 4 color book presents the essentials to building and compositing 3D elements into your 2D world of film and broadcast. Concepts and techniques are presented in concise, step-by-step tutorials, hundreds of which are featured throughout. Featured applications include Photoshop, Illustrator, After Effects, and Cinema 4D. Lessons include exploring the expanded 3D functionality of the Adobe Creative Suite applications (After Effects, Photoshop, and Illustrator) through a series of practical tutorials. More advanced lessons then follow, with tutorials and insight provided in specifically geared lessons for 2D artists working in Cinema 4D, 3ds Max, and ZBrush. 4-color presentation is further enhanced by various sidebars, tips, and "gotchas" to watch for through-out the book. The downloadable resources contain hours of project files with which you can work along the tutorials in the book.

Expert Guidance on the Math Needed for 3D Game ProgrammingDeveloped from the authors' popular Game Developers Conference (GDC) tutorial, Essential Mathematics for Games and Interactive Applications, Third Edition illustrates the importance of mathematics in 3D programming. It shows you how to properly animate, simulate, and render scenes and discusses the mathematics behind the processes. New to the Third EditionCompletely revised to fix errors and make the content flow better, this third edition reflects the increased use of shader graphics pipelines, such as in DirectX 11, OpenGL ES (GLES), and the OpenGL Core Profile. It also updates the material on real-time graphics with coverage of more realistic materials and lighting. The Foundation for Successful 3D ProgrammingThe book covers the low-level mathematical and geometric representations and algorithms that are the core of any game engine. It also explores all the stages of the rendering pipeline. The authors explain how to represent, transform, view, and animate geometry. They then focus on visual matters, specifically the representation, computation, and use of color. They also address randomness, intersecting geometric entities, and physical simulation. An Introduction to Creating Real and Active Virtual WorldsThis updated book provides you with a conceptual understanding of the mathematics needed to create 3D games as well as a practical understanding of how these mathematical bases actually apply to games and graphics. It not only includes the theoretical mathematical background but also incorporates many examples of how the concepts are used to affect how a game looks and plays. Web ResourceA supplementary website contains a collection of source code, supporting libraries, and interactive demonstrations that illustrate the concepts and enable you to experiment with animation and simulation applications. The site also includes slides and notes from the authors' GDC tutorials.

CINEMA 4D is a fully integrated 3D modeling, animation, and rendering package used extensively in the film, television, science, architecture, and engineering industries. Generally ranked as the 3rd most widely used 3D application, CINEMA 4D is widely praised for its stability, speed, and ease of use. Recent film and broadcast productions that have used CINEMA 4D include Beowulf, The Golden Compass, Spider-Man 3, Open Season, Monster House, Superman Returns, Polar Express, and Monday Night Football. This 3e of CINEMA 4D is updated to address the latest release of the application as well as its critically acclaimed MoGraph module. Packed with full-color illustrations that engage and inspir novice and seasoned users alike, this artist's project sourcebook teaches how to use the application with a tutorial approach that gets the reader creating 3D objects in the very first pages and builds skills progressively as they proceed to learn the complete toolset.

From the Foreword: "Dietmar Hildenbrand's new book, Introduction to Geometric Algebra Computing, in my view, fills an important gap in Clifford's geometric algebra literature...I can only congratulate the author for the daring simplicity of his novel educational approach taken in this book, consequently combined with hands on computer based exploration. Without noticing, the active reader will thus educate himself in elementary geometric algebra algorithm development, geometrically intuitive, highly comprehensible, and fully optimized." --Eckhard Hitzer, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan Geometric Algebra is a very powerful mathematical system for an easy and intuitive treatment of geometry, but the community working with it is still very small. The main goal of this book is to close this gap with an introduction to Geometric Algebra from an engineering/computing perspective. This book is intended to give a rapid introduction to computing with Geometric Algebra and its power for geometric modeling. From the geometric objects point of view, it focuses on the most basic ones, namely points, lines and circles. This algebra is called Compass Ruler Algebra, since it is comparable to working with a compass and ruler. The book explores how to compute with these geometric objects, and their geometric operations and transformations, in a very intuitive way. The book follows a top-down approach, and while it focuses on 2D, it is also easily expandable to 3D computations. Algebra in engineering applications such as computer graphics, computer vision and robotics are also covered.