This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop and Challenge on Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Spine Imaging, CSI 2016, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2016, in Athens, Greece, in October 2016. The 13 workshop papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. They aim at reviewing the state-of-the-art techniques, sharing the novel and emerging analysis and visualization techniques and discussing the clinical challenges and open problems in this rapidly growing field - including all major aspects of problems related to spine imaging, including clinical applications of spine imaging, computer aided diagnosis of spine conditions, computer aided detection of spine-related diseases, emerging computational imaging techniques for spinal diseases, fast 3D reconstruction of spine, feature extraction, multiscale analysis, pattern recognition, image enhancement of spine imaging, image-guided spine intervention and treatment, multimodal image registration and fusion for spine imaging, novel visualization techniques, segmentation techniques for spine imaging, statistical and geometric modeling for spine and vertebra, spine and vertebra localization.

R is a powerful tool for statistics and graphics, but getting started with this language can be frustrating. This short, concise book provides beginners with a selection of how-to recipes to solve simple problems with R. Each solution gives you just what you need to know to use R for basic statistics, graphics, and regression.

You'll find recipes on reading data files, creating data frames, computing basic statistics, testing means and correlations, creating a scatter plot, performing simple linear regression, and many more. These solutions were selected from O'Reilly's "R Cookbook," which contains more than 200 recipes for R that you'll find useful once you move beyond the basics.

This book constitutes revised, selected, and invited papers from the First International Workshop on Agent Based Modelling of Urban Systems, ABMUS 2016, held in conjunction with AAMAS 2016 in Singapore in May 2016. The 11 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: urban systems modeling; traffic simulation in urban modeling; and applications.

REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY

Kenny B. Lipkowitz, Raima Larter, and Thomas R. Cundari

This volume, like those prior to it, features chapters by experts in various fields of computational chemistry. TOPICS COVERED IN Volume 21 iNCLUDE AB INITIO QUANTUM SIMULATION IN SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY; MOLECULAR QUANTUM SIMILARITY; ENUMERATING MOLECULES; VARIABLE SELECTION; BIOMOLECULAR APPLICATIONS OF POISSON-BOLTZMANN METHODS; AND DATA SOURCES AND COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR GENERATING MODELS OF GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS.

FROM REVIEWS OF THE SERIES

"Reviews in Computational Chemistry remains the most valuable reference to methods and techniques in computational chemistry."
--JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS AND MODELLING

"One cannot generally do better than to try to find an appropriate article in the highly successful Reviews in Computational Chemistry. The basic philosophy of the editors seems to be to help the authors produce chapters that are complete, accurate, clear, and accessible to experimentalists (in particular) and other nonspecialists (in general)."
--JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

The LNCS Transactions on Foundations for Mastering Change, FoMaC, aims to establish a forum for formal-methods-based research, dealing with the nature of today's agile system development, which is characterized by unclear premises, unforeseen change, and the need for fast reaction, in a context of hard-to-control frame conditions, such as third-party components, network problems, and attacks. Submissions are evaluated according to these goals. This book, the first volume in the series, contains contributions by the members of the editorial board. These contributions indicate the envisioned style and range of papers of topics covered by the transactions series. They cross-cut various traditional research directions and are characterized by a clear focus on change.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, ACRI 2016, held in Fez, Morocco, in September 2014. The 45 full papers and 4 invited talks presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 59 submissions. This volume contains invited contributions and accepted papers from the main track and from the three organized workshops. The first part is organized according to three topics: (1) Cellular Automata Theory and Implementation (2) Cellular Automata Dynamics and Synchronization, (3) Asynchronous Cellular Automata and Asynchronous Discrete Models - ACA. The second part of the volume contains three topics: (4) Modelling and Sim-ulation with Cellular Automata (5) Crowds, Traffic and Cellular Automata -CT&CA (6) Agent-Based Simulation and Cellular Automata - ABS&CA.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop and Challenge on Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Spine Imaging, CSI 2015, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2015, in Munich, Germany, in October 2015. The 9 workshop papers and 6 challenge contributions were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. The papers cover all major aspects related to spine imaging.

The five-volume set LNCS 9786-9790 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2016, held in Beijing, China, in July 2016. The 239 revised full papers and 14 short papers presented at 33 workshops were carefully reviewed and selected from 849 submissions. They are organized in five thematical tracks: computational methods, algorithms and scientific applications; high performance computing and networks; geometric modeling, graphics and visualization; advanced and emerging applications; and information systems and technologies.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Tests and Proofs, TAP 2016, held as part of STAF 2016, in Vienna, Austria, in July 2016. The 8 full papers, 2 short papers, and 1 tool demonstration paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. The book also contains one invited talk in full-paper length. The TAP conference promotes research in verification and formal methods that targets the interplay of proofs and testing: the advancement of techniques of each kind and their combination, with the ultimate goal of improving software and system dependability.

The 2-volume set LNCS 9768 and 9769 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Computer Graphics, AVR 2016, held in Lecce, Italy, in June 2016. The 40 full papers and 29 short papers presented werde carefully reviewed and selected from 131 submissions. The SALENTO AVR 2016 conference intended to bring together researchers, scientists, and practitioners to discuss key issues, approaches, ideas, open problems, innovative applications and trends on virtual and augmented reality, 3D visualization and computer graphics in the areas of medicine, cultural heritage, arts, education, entertainment, industrial andmilitary sectors.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Communication Technologies for Vehicles, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains/Nets4Aircraft 2016, held in San Sebastian, Spain, in June 2016. The 13 papers presented together with 2 keynote papers, 2 invited papers, and 1 demo paper in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 17 initial submissions. The contributions are organized in topical sections named: road, rail, and air.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International GI/ITG Conference on Measurement, Modelling and Evaluation of Computing Systems and Dependability and Fault Tolerance, MMB & DFT 2016, held in Munster, Germany, in April 2016. The 12 full papers and 3 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. The papers deal with the fields of performance evaluation, dependability, and fault-tolerance of computer and communication systems. A relatively new topic of smart grids is also covered.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Frontiers of Combining Systems, FroCoS 2015, held in Wroclaw, Poland, in September 2015. The 20 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 34 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: description logics; theorem proving and model building; decision procedures; decision procedures for verification; rewriting and constraint solving; transformations between symbolic systems; combination methods; and reasoning in large theories. The book also contains one invited talk in full-paper length.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Augmented Environments for Computer-Assisted Interventions, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2015, in Munich, Germany in October 2015. The 15 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 21 submissions. The objective of the AE-CAI workshop was to attract scientific contributions that offer solutions to the technical problems in the area of augmented and virtual environments for computer-assisted interventions, and to provide a venue for dissemination of papers describing both complete systems and clinical applications.

This volume constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Curves and Surfaces, held in Paris, France, in June 2014. The conference had the overall theme: "Representation and Approximation of Curves and Surfaces and Applications". The 32 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. The scope of the conference was on following topics: approximation theory, computer-aided geometric design, computer graphics and visualization, computational geometry and topology, geometry processing, image and signal processing, interpolation and smoothing, mesh generation, finite elements and splines, scattered data processing and learning theory, sparse and high-dimensional approximation, subdivision, wavelets and multi-resolution method.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems, QEST 2015, held in Madrid, Spain, in September 2015. The 19 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: modelling and applications; tools; petri nets, process algebra and fault trees; applications; and queuing systems and hybrid systems. The book also contains one full-paper invited talk.

This work presents modern implementations of relevant molecular dynamics algorithms using ls1 mardyn, a simulation program for engineering applications. The text focuses strictly on HPC-related aspects, covering implementation on HPC architectures, taking Intel Xeon and Intel Xeon Phi clusters as representatives of current platforms. The work describes distributed and shared-memory parallelization on these platforms, including load balancing, with a particular focus on the efficient implementation of the compute kernels. The text also discusses the software-architecture of the resulting code.

This tutorial on the application of the open-source software OpenGeoSys (OGS) in computational hydrology is based on a one-week training course at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research in Leipzig, Germany. It provides general information regarding hydrological and groundwater flow modeling and the pre-processing and step-by-step model setups of a case study with OGS and related components such as the OGS Data Explorer. The tutorial also illustrates the application of pre- and post-processing tools such as ArcGIS and ParaView. This book is intended primarily for graduate students and applied scientists who deal with hydrological-system analysis and hydrological modeling. It is also a valuable source of information for practicing hydrologists wishing to further their understanding of the numerical modeling of coupled hydrological-hydrogeological systems. This tutorial is the first in a series that will present further OGS applications in environmental sciences.

A Focus on SLM and SLS Methods in 3D Printing is an indispensable collection of articles for anyone involved in additive manufacturing - from academics and researchers through to engineers and managers within the manufacturing industry. The collection features examples of innovative research involving selective laser melting and selective laser sintering techniques applied across a range of contexts.

Beginning Design for 3D Printing is the full color go-to-guide for creating just about anything on a 3D printer. This book will demystify the design process for 3D printing, providing the proper workflows for those new to 3D printing, eager artists, seasoned engineers, 3D printing entrepreneurs, and first-time owners of 3D printers to ensure original ideas can be 3D printed. Beginning Design for 3D Printing explores a variety of 3D printing projects. Focus is on the use of freely available 3D design applications with step-by-step techniques that will demonstrate how to create a wide variety of 3D printable objects and illustrate the differences between splines, polygons, and solids. Users will get a deep understanding of a wide range modeling applications. They'll learn the differences between organic modeling tools, hard edge modeling, and precision, CAD-based techniques used to make 3D printable designs, practical products, and personalized works of art. Whether you are a student on a budget or a company exploring R & D options for 3D printing, Beginning Design for 3D Printing will provide the right tools and techniques to ensure 3D printing success.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Geo-Informatics in Resource Management and Sustainable Ecosystem, GRMSE 2014, held in Ypsilanti, MI, China, in December 2014. The 73 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 296 submissions. The papers are divided into topical sections on smart city in resource management and sustainable ecosystem; spatial data acquisition through RS and GIS in resource management and sustainable ecosystem; ecological and environmental data processing and management; advanced geospatial model and analysis for understanding ecological and environmental process; applications of geo-informatics in resource management and sustainable ecosystem.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Energy Efficient Data Centers, E2DC 2014, held in Cambridge, UK, in June 2014. The 10 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from numerous submissions. They are organized in three topical sections named: energy optimization algorithms and models, the future role of data centres in Europe and energy efficiency metrics for data centres.

The book serves both as a reference for various scaled models with corresponding dimensionless numbers, and as a resource for learning the art of scaling. A special feature of the book is the emphasis on how to create software for scaled models, based on existing software for unscaled models. Scaling (or non-dimensionalization) is a mathematical technique that greatly simplifies the setting of input parameters in numerical simulations. Moreover, scaling enhances the understanding of how different physical processes interact in a differential equation model. Compared to the existing literature, where the topic of scaling is frequently encountered, but very often in only a brief and shallow setting, the present book gives much more thorough explanations of how to reason about finding the right scales. This process is highly problem dependent, and therefore the book features a lot of worked examples, from very simple ODEs to systems of PDEs, especially from fluid mechanics. The text is easily accessible and example-driven. The first part on ODEs fits even a lower undergraduate level, while the most advanced multiphysics fluid mechanics examples target the graduate level. The scientific literature is full of scaled models, but in most of the cases, the scales are just stated without thorough mathematical reasoning. This book explains how the scales are found mathematically. This book will be a valuable read for anyone doing numerical simulations based on ordinary or partial differential equations.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Software Reuse for Dynamic Systems in the Cloud and Beyond, ICSR 2015, held in Miami, FL, USA, in January 2015. The 21 revised full papers presented together with 3 revised short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 60 submissions. The papers cover several software engineering areas where software reuse is important, such as software product lines, domain analysis, open source, components, cloud, quality.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th Ibero-American Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IBERAMIA 2014, held in Santiago de Chile, Chile, in November 2014. The 64 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 136 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: knowledge engineering, knowledge representation and probabilistic reasoning; planning and scheduling; natural language processing; machine learning; fuzzy systems; knowledge discovery and data mining; bio-inspired computing; robotics; vision; multi-agent systems; agent-based modeling and simulation; AI in education, affective computing, and human-computer interaction; applications of AI; and ambient intelligence.