In the wake of the USSR's collapse, more than 25 million Russians found themselves living outside Russian territory, their status ambiguous. Equally uncertain is the role they will play as a factor in Russian politics, local politics and relations among the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union. This volume, prepared under the sponsorship of the Kennan Institute, offers a comprehensive and amply documented examination of these issues.

In the wake of the USSR's collapse, more than 25 million Russians found themselves living outside Russian territory, their status ambiguous. Equally uncertain is the role they will play as a factor in Russian politics, local politics and relations among the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union. This volume, prepared under the sponsorship of the Kennan Institute, offers a comprehensive and amply documented examination of these issues.

This unique anthology highlights the diversity of Latino cultural expressions and points out the distinctive features of the three major Latino populations: Mexican, Puerto Rican and Cuban. It is organized around six central cultural issues: family, religion, community, the arts, (im)migration and exile, and cultural identity. Each chapter focuses on a particular theme by presenting readings from a variety of genres, including short stories, poems, essays, excerpts from novels, a play, photographs, even a few songs and recipes.

This wide-ranging and accessible book examines race in relation to social divisions such as ethnicity, gender and class. It provides a major new approach to studying the boundaries of race, and will be of interest to students of sociology, ethnic studies and gender studies.

Traditional debates concerning racially hierarchical societies have tended to focus on the experience of being black. White Women, Race Matters breaks with this tradition by focusing on the particular experiences of white women in a racially hierarchical society. By considering the ways in which their experience not only contributes to but challenges the reproduction of racism, the work offers a rigorous examination of existing methodologies, practices and assumptions concerning racism and gender relations. Supported by extracts from in-depth life history interviews, White Women, Race Matters provides valuable course material.

Traditional debates concerning racially hierarchical societies have tended to focus on the experience of being black. White Women, Race Matters breaks with this tradition by focusing on the particular ecperiences of white women in a racially hierarchical society. By considering the ways in which their experience not only contributes to but challenges the reproduction of racism, the work offers a rigorous examination of existing methodologies, practices and assumptions concerning racism and gender relations. Supported by extracts from in-depth life history interviews, White Women, Race Matters provides valuable course material.

This is a study of the Jews and Jewish communities of devon and Cornwal. It traces Jewish contacts in Biblical and Roman times; the well-documented Medieval Jewry of Exeter; and the vestiges of Jewish life in the wake of expulsion - in particular with regard to mining. The book then goes on to provide a detailed study of the demography, economic activity and cultural, social and religious life of South-West Jewry between 1730-1990.

This text provides discussions of ethnic politics in Myanmar, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia, offering an interpretation of the nature of ethnic consciouness and the causes of ethnic tensions. Ethnic consciousness is defined in terms of a psychological and political ideology that is, predominantly, influenced by the attitude and policy of the state. This idea is developed through an examination of the influence that theoretical ideas - such as neo-patrimonialism, corporatism, ethnocracy, internal colonialism and class - have had upon the various regimes in the countries above. The book explores how the influence of these different theories and conceptualizations of the state, resulted in a variety of manifestations of political ethnicity.

The book examines the scope of the concept of racism in the light of the problematic status of the ideas of "race" and of the histories of migration and nationalism. It takes issue with the emphasis in recent writing which links, often exclusively, racism with colonialism - an argument that typically concludes that only black people can be the victims of racism. By means of an exploration of national formation within Europe and its relationship with migration, it argues that a number of interior racisms have existed in Europe. These are in addition to exterior, colonial racisms and their victims have included various populations, including other Europeans. The analysis is premised on a reconsideration of the debate about the status of concepts of "race" and "race relations". Against the background of this conceptual and historical survey the book concludes with analysis of the current interrelationship between migration, nationalism and racism in the European Community at a time when it is seeking to renegotiate its position in the capitalist world economy. The author has been engaged in research on racism and migration for the past two decades.

eBook available with sample pages: PB:0415907357

First Published in 1993. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The changes that have taken place in Japan as a result of rapid economic growth, have renewed interest in the work of Yanagita Kunio. This book offers a re-evaluation of his writings.

Spiro challenges the argument of Bronislaw Malinowski that the matrilineal society of the Trobriand Islands produced a psychological constellation -- a matrilineal complex -- different from Freud's Oedipus complex and the generalization regarding the restrictive provenance of the Oepidus complex to which it gave rise. Spiro undertakes a reanalysis of Malinowski's data and shows that there is enough to suggest the presence of a strong Oedipus complex.
"Melford E. Spiro" is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of California, San Diego, where he founded the Anthropology Department in 1968. His other works include "Gender and Culture, Oedipus in the Trobriands, " and "Culture and Human Nature."

Does the concept of ethnicity divide the oppressed or unite minorities? Is the term "community" a dangerous fiction? What are the relations between the liberal capitalist democratic state and racialized minority groups? The contributors to this book confront and discuss these questions, bringing together ideas on urban social theory, contemporary cultural change and analysis of racial surbordination in order to explore the relationship between racism, the city and the state. The book concentrates on the urban context of the process of racialization, demonstrating that the city provides the institutional framework for racial segregation, a key process whereby racialization has been reproduced and sustained. Individual chapters explore the profound divisions inscribed on the face of the city, showing for example that ethnicity is more powerful than social class in moulding the identities of new migrants to California, and that the reconstruction of French capitalism has opened new opportunities for the growth of right-wing popularism.

Does the concept of ethnicity divide the oppressed or unite minorities? Is the term "community" a dangerous fiction? What are the relations between the liberal capitalist democratic state and racialized minority groups? The contributors to this book confront and discuss these questions, bringing together ideas on urban social theory, contemporary cultural change and analysis of racial surbordination in order to explore the relationship between racism, the city and the state. The book concentrates on the urban context of the process of racialization, demonstrating that the city provides the institutional framework for racial segregation, a key process whereby racialization has been reproduced and sustained. Individual chapters explore the profound divisions inscribed on the face of the city, showing for example that ethnicity is more powerful than social class in moulding the identities of new migrants to California, and that the reconstruction of French capitalism has opened new opportunities for the growth of right-wing popularism.

Modern states have evolved as complex political structures in which unitary forms of government maintain an uncertain equilibrium with ethnically plural societies. Historically, ruling elites have tried with little success to eradicate ethnicity through genocide, bury it under accusations of tribalism, discredit it with the mind-frame of modernization, or confine it to local rather than national political arenas. This broad-ranging volume examines the dynamics of ethnic manipulation and accommodation by dominant and subordinate groups in the state-building process. Ethnicity and the State reflects the widely varying political contexts and cultures in which reasons of state contend with unyielding ethnic allegiances. European, South American, Asian, and Middle Eastern examples reveal a consistent set of themes and attitudes. The authors find that while the state must realize its authority and stability through a strictly defined charter of rights and values, ethnic identity exercises its power more freely and flexibly. The sense of peoplehood may be artificially constructed in response to immediate need, or it may be ancient and organic, growing over time. It has the potential to cut across race, class, and gender. Its central tenets and myths may be reinterpreted, recreated, enlarged upon, or modified as the political situation warrants. Flexibility of belief and the need to identify with a larger group account both for the durability of ethnic loyalty and its vulnerability to manipulation. This volume is particularly timely at a moment when national governments in many parts of the world must face the adoption of more equitable forms of rule to hold their ethnically diverse societies together. Taken together, the analyses presented here warn against institutionalizing ethnic strife and offer a vision of how the state may foster expectations and policies that serve the interests of all ethnic groups within their borders. Political scientists, historians, and anthropologists will find this book valuable for its interpretations of forces that continue to reshape the social and political fabric of the world.

Since before the dawn of history, the mountainous lands of the northern Middle East have been home to the Kurds. Labelled Mountain Turks in Turkey and Umayyad Arabs in Syria and Iraq and coupled with the outright denial of their existence in Iran and Soviet Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, there is much confusion over the identity of the Kurds, even among the Kurds themselves.

Deconstructing the Nation examines the connection between racism and the development of the nation-state in modern France. The author raises important questions about the nature of citizenship rights in modern French society and contributes to wider European debates on citizenship. By challenging the myths of the modern French nation Maxim Silverman opens up the debate on questions of immigration, racism, the nation and citizenship in France to non-French speaking readers. Until quite recently these matters have largely been ignored by researchers in Britain and the USA. However, European integration has made it essential to look beyond national frontiers. The major part of his analysis concerns the period from the end of the 1960s to the beginning of the 1990s. Yet contemporary developments are placed in a historical context: first through a consideration of the construction of the modern question of immigration since the second half of the nineteenth century, and second through a survey of political, economic and social developments since 1945. There are analyses of the major debates on nationality in 1987 and the headscarf' affair of 1989. Finally questions of immigration, racism and citizenship are considered within the framework of European integration.

In recent news coverage of the dramatic political events in Eastern Europe, Gypsies have been a favourite sidebar topic. Some of the stories have been truly horrifying, others are written condescendingly and to amuse; but what has become clear is how little we really know about this people. In a concerted effort to uncover the modern history of the Rom in Eastern Europe, the authors examine the Gypsy experience in Albania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia, with special attention to the Nazi Holocaust as well as to the record of the forced settlement and education programmes instituted by communist regimes.

In recent news coverage of the dramatic political events in Eastern Europe, Gypsies have been a favourite sidebar topic. Some of the stories have been truly horrifying, others are written condescendingly and to amuse; but what has become clear is how little we really know about this people. In a concerted effort to uncover the modern history of the Rom in Eastern Europe, the authors examine the Gypsy experience in Albania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia, with special attention to the Nazi Holocaust as well as to the record of the forced settlement and education programmes instituted by communist regimes.

This text offers an international and comparative analysis of social division rooted in race, ethnicity and national identity. It provides an overview of the key issues underlying ethnic conflict which has now risen to the top of the international political agenda.; This book is intended for academics, postgraduates and senior undergraduates within sociology, race and ethnicity, social anthropology, as well as those involved in other areas such as politics, geography, development studies and international relations with an interest in ethnicity.

The World Archaeological Congress meetings in Southampton in September 1986 included a series of sessions on the problems of Pleistocene archaeology. The chapters in this book derive from some of those discussions. In particular, this volume focuses on the problems facing prehistorians and palaeoanthropologists when trying to understand the long-term evolution of human behaviour and the patterns observable in the fossil and archaeological record of a period of time stretching over several million years. It aims to illustrate the diversity of approaches and concepts that are required to investigate the evolution of the characteristics of human behaviour - technology, language, symbol use, cultural traditions, social relationships, hunting, gathering and food production. The approaches presented range from comparisons with non-human primates to the use of ethnographic data and computer simulations, as well as demographic, psychological and evolutionary models.

This book questions the value of the concept of 'agency', a term used in sociological and philosophical literature to refer to individual free will in archaeology. On the one hand it has been argued that previous generations of archaeologists, in explaining social change in terms of structural or environmental conditions, have lost sight of the 'real people' and reduced them to passive cultural pawns, on the other, introducing the concept of agency to counteract this can be said to perpetuate a modern, Western view of the autonomous individual who is free from social constraints. This book discusses the balance between these two opposites, using a range of archaeological and historical case studies, including European and Asian prehistory, classical Greece and Rome, the Inka and other Andean cultures. While focusing on the relevance of 'agency' theory to archaeological interpretation and using it to create more diverse and open-ended accounts of ancient cultures, the authors also address the contemporary political and ethical implications of what is essentially a debate about the definition of human nature.

This book develops the concept of racialisation. It argues that a full understanding of racialized discourse must pay attention to both the particular local circumstances in which they appear, and well-established themes which have unfolded over time. An important aspect of the study is the examination of other discourses with which racialized ideas have co-joined, reflecting the way in which notions of 'race' are socially constructed. The final part of the book returns to debates of the 1980's and argues that the racialisation of unrest in that decade was closely intertwined with conservative perspectives which sought to deny socio-economic causes in favour of explanations based upon the supposed cultural or personal proclivities of those involved.